{
    "title": "Akula Generator",
    "inventor_name": "Roman Karnoukhov",
    "publication_year": null,
    "device_name": "Akula Generator",
    "goal": "Provide a self-running power source (claimed ~400 W) using semiconductor electronics and high-voltage inductive coupling, allegedly achieving over-unity energy output.",
    "problem_addressed": "Need for portable, independent power generation without external fuel; pursuit of excess-energy (over-unity) devices.",
    "concept_summary": "The Akula generator consists of a high-voltage coil-inductor with a toroidal capacitor that creates a strong electric field. A second \"receiving\" coil is placed nearby; the author claims that the electric field directly induces charge in the receiving coil (electrical induction, not conventional electromagnetic induction). The system is driven by pulsed MOSFET circuits, programmable unijunction transistors (PUT), and ferrite-core magnetic domains. Energy is harvested from the back-EMF (BEMF) of the coils, boosted by timed transistor pulses, and stored in capacitors that power LEDs and a load. The device is said to run autonomously and deliver up to 400 W.",
    "detailed_description": null,
    "category": "Overunity & Free Energy Claims",
    "principles": [
        "high-voltage electric field coupling",
        "pulsed power switching",
        "back-EMF energy recovery",
        "ferrite-core magnetic domain control",
        "resonant LC circuits"
    ],
    "scientific_domains": [
        "Electrical Engineering",
        "Power Electronics",
        "Electromagnetics"
    ],
    "mechanisms_of_action": [
        "High-voltage coil creates a strong electric field that induces charge in a nearby coil.",
        "MOSFET pulsing creates rapid flux changes in the core.",
        "BEMF from the collapsing magnetic field adds to transistor current, charging high-voltage capacitors.",
        "Ferrite core magnetic domains are reset at low frequency to prepare for the next pulse."
    ],
    "materials": [
        "Ferrite core",
        "Copper magnet wire",
        "Toroidal capacitor",
        "MOSFET transistors",
        "PNP transistor KT361A",
        "Programmable unijunction transistor (PUT)",
        "Diodes (including dual/triple shotky)",
        "Capacitors (C28, C40, etc.)"
    ],
    "energy_sources": [
        "12 V DC battery (used as primary power for testing)"
    ],
    "inputs": [
        "12 V DC supply",
        "Pulse control signals (frequency ~1-2 Hz, duty ~10 %)"
    ],
    "outputs": [
        "Up to 400 W of electrical power to a load",
        "LED illumination powered from BEMF",
        "High-voltage pulses for Tesla-coil/Katcher modules"
    ],
    "claimed_performance": "Self-running generator delivering ~400 W; over-unity energy claim (excess energy beyond input).",
    "experimental_evidence": "Forum posts describing a 400 W output, YouTube videos showing a working prototype, and a claimed replication by Avalon and Sergei Stalker. No peer-reviewed data provided.",
    "replication_status": "Some independent hobbyists (Avalon, Sergei Stalker) claim to have replicated a small version, but no independent verification is documented.",
    "keywords": [
        "Akula",
        "Karnoukhov",
        "overunity",
        "self-running generator",
        "high-voltage coil",
        "ferrite",
        "BEMF",
        "pulsed MOSFET"
    ],
    "related_technologies": [
        "Tesla coil",
        "Katcher",
        "MagAmp",
        "Free Energy (FE) generators"
    ],
    "controversy_level": "high",
    "confidence_score": 0.6,
    "practicability_score": 0.4,
    "fringe_score": 0.8,
    "evidence_strength": 0.3,
    "risk_score": 0.2,
    "trl_estimate": 3,
    "source_urls": [
        "http://www.overunity.com",
        "http://etherimpress.com",
        "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DnuXqnTlJNM",
        "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vgYLVyswgeQ&feature=youtu.be",
        "https://lenr.su/forum/index.php?threads/replikacija-konstrukcii-romanakarnouxova-akula.3/"
    ],
    "organizations": [],
    "applications": [
        "Portable power for remote locations",
        "Low-power lighting",
        "Experimental energy research"
    ],
    "limitations": [
        "No peer-reviewed validation of over-unity claim",
        "Circuit sensitivity to timing and component tolerances",
        "Potential component failure (e.g., PUT destruction on turn-on)",
        "Scalability and efficiency not demonstrated"
    ],
    "open_questions": [
        "What is the exact physical mechanism that would allow excess energy generation?",
        "Can the device be reliably reproduced with consistent performance?",
        "What are the optimal coil and capacitor values for maximum output?",
        "How does the yoke device influence the overall energy balance?"
    ],
    "red_flags": [
        "Claims of over-unity without quantitative, independent data",
        "Contradictory circuit analysis suggesting no net energy gain",
        "Heavy reliance on anecdotal videos and forum posts"
    ],
    "evidence_quotes": [
        "Fig. 41 shows a generator that works in stand-alone mode and it can provide 400 watts of power to the payload.",
        "I think Avalon succesfully replicated Akula small device.",
        "With deep remorse we must now be conclude that sustained Overunity, FE, CE ... is extremely unlikely from any Dally, Shark, Ruslan type device.",
        "The idea behind is - after first pulse you let BEMF to reach maximum and hit with current from transistor again on its peak time ... C28 cap will charge from much higher voltage on positive half-cycle."
    ]
}