Vapor Carburetors: US Patents ![](0logo.gif) **[rexresearch.com](../index.htm)** --- **Vapor Carburetor Patents** --- **[ Adapted/expanded from Robert Felix: "A History of Vapor Carburetors" (*Parascience* #2 ~ Winter 1998) & posted on KeelyNet ]** **Patent Classes for Vapor Carburetors:** > Cl. 123/545 ~ Heating Medium Surrounds Combustible Mixture > Cl. 123/546 ~ Combustible Mixture Surrounds Heating Medium Cl. > 123/547 ~ Combustible Mixture & Heating Medium Adjoin > Cl. 123/543 ~ Heating of Combustible Mixture > Cl. F02M 31/00 ~ International Patent Classification: Gasoline > Vapor Devices --- **USP # 5,794,601 ~ Fuel pretreater apparatus and method** **Pantone, Paul** ![](5794601.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A novel fuel pretreater apparatus and method for pretreating an alternate fuel to render it usable as the fuel source for fuel burning equipment such as internal combustion engines, furnaces, boilers, and turbines, includes a volatilization chamber into which the alternate fuel is received. An exhaust plenum may enclose the volatilization chamber so that thermal energy supplied by exhaust from the fuel burning equipment can be used to help volatilize the alternate fuel. A bypass stream of exhaust may be diverted through the alternate fuel in the volatilization chamber to help in volatilizing the alternate fuel and help carry the volatilized fuel through a heated reactor prior to its being introduced into the fuel burning equipment. The reactor is preferably interposed in the exhaust conduit and is formed by a reactor tube having a reactor rod mounted coaxially therein in spaced relationship. The exhaust passing through the exhaust conduit provides thermal energy to the reactor to pretreat the alternate fuel. --- **USP # 5,782,225 ~ Vaporization system** **Caggiono, Allen** ![](5782225.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A fluid vaporization system comprises a first fluid inlet for receiving a first fluid, a second fluid inlet for receiving a second fluid, and a first discharge aperture for discharging the first fluid and the second fluid. A first connecting passage connects the first fluid inlet and the second fluid inlet in fluid communication with the first discharge aperture, mixes the first fluid and the second fluid to define a fluid mixture, and delivers the fluid mixture to the first discharge aperture. A third fluid inlet receives a third fluid and a second discharge aperture discharges the third fluid. A second connecting passage in heat transfer relationship with the first connecting passage connects the third fluid inlet in fluid communication with the second discharge aperture and delivers the third fluid from the third fluid inlet to the second discharge aperture to effect heat transfer from the third fluid to the fluid mixture such that the fluid mixture is discharged by the first discharge aperture in a vaporized state. --- **USP # 5,606,956 ~ Elongated fuel-air bypass for internal combustion engine** **Wallace, William** ![](5606956.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** An elongated fuel-air bypass is connected between an outlet port of a fuel-air mixing device and an inlet port of an intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. The elongated bypass apparatus includes an elongated bypass conduit formed of a thermally conductive material and which has sufficient length, exterior surface area and thermal conductivity to enable it to cause liquid fuel introduced through the fuel-air mixing device to change from a liquid state to a gaseous state prior entry into the one or more cylinders of the internal combustion engine. Turbulence creating mechanisms, such as venturis or baffles, are provided in the elongated bypass conduit for creating turbulence in the fuel-air mixture flowing therethrough. An after-air supply tube is provided to supply after-air near an upstream end of the fuel-air bypass conduit, and is controlled by an after-air valve to provide for a lean fuel-air mixture. Also provided is a liquid additive system for supplying water and/or alcohol into the fuel-air bypass conduit. A start-up fuel injection system is provided to inject a burst of fuel into the fuel-air bypass conduit at initial start-up of the internal combustion engine. At least one reparticulation reservoir is provided in the bottom of a portion of the fuel-air bypass conduit in order to enable quick start-up of the engine after flooding. --- **USP # 5,598,826 ~ Cold start fuel control system for an internal combustion engine** **Hunt, Frank & Nogi, Toshiharu** ![](5598826.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A cold start fuel control system provided for use with an internal combustion engine of the type having at least one combustion chamber, an air/fuel passageway fluidly connected with the combustion chamber and the source of fuel. The fuel control system includes an annular heater having an interior annular wall disposed within the passageway. A cold start fuel injector has its inlet fluidly connected to the fuel source and an outlet open to the passageway such that fuel from the outlet flows into the interior of the heater. Whenever the operating temperature of the engine is below a predetermined level, fuel is selectively provided to the cold start fuel injector which injects fuel into the passageway. The fuel discharge from the cold start fuel injector is swirled so that at least a portion of the fuel from the cold start fuel injector impinges upon the annular heater and is thus vaporized. --- **USP # 5,555,855 ~ Water circulation system for marine engine** **Takahashi, Masanori** ![](5555855.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A water circulation system of a marine engine improves the consistency of engine combustion by stabilizing the temperature of water flowing through the engine water jacket and by heating the intake manifold to a temperature within a desired temperature range. The desired temperature range is defined so as to optimize fuel vaporization without significantly affecting the volumetric efficiency of the engine. The water circulation system includes a control valve which directs water flow through the circulation system according to the water temperature exiting the engine water jacket. The valve recirculates water between the engine water jacket and a recirculation path until the water temperature reaches a predetermined lower temperature limit. The control valve then allows a portion of the water to flow through a heating jacket around the intake manifold to heat the intake manifold. If the temperature of the recirculating water reaches a predetermined upper temperature limit, the control valve directs all of the water through the heating jacket until the temperature of the water exiting the engine water jacket falls below the upper temperature limit. In this manner, the water circulation system generally stabilizes the water temperature in the engine water jacket and heats the intake manifold to a temperature generally within the upper and lower temperature limits. --- **USP # 5,396,866 ~ Ram tube** **Kuntz, Dennis** ![](5396866.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** The ram tube of this invention basically consists of an intake bracket, inner tube, output bracket, outer tube, input port and output port. The intake and output brackets are attached to the ends of the inner tube for attaching the ram tube to the base of a carburetor and the intake to an intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. The outer tube is installed over and surrounds the inner tube to create a passage between the inner and outer tubes. Exhaust is directed from the exhaust manifold of the engine to an input port on the outer tube. The exhaust passes through the passage and exits through the output port. The exhaust heats the inner tube to in turn heat the air/fuel mixture passing through the inner tube. The fuel is completely vaporized and placed in a dry vapor condition as it passes through the heated inner tube. The fuel entering the combustion chamber in a dry vapor condition burns more completely, at a higher temperature and at a faster rate to provide a higher efficiency engine. Due to the high temperature achieved using the ram tube, water can be injected into the ram tube or air stream for use as a fuel supplement. The ram tube of this invention can also be used in conjunction with a heat exchanger for initial vaporization of fuel in cooler weather and/or a turbo charger, or other type of device which increases volume efficiency, for pressurizing the air/fuel mixture for additional engine performance. --- **USP # 5,353,772 ~ Carburetor fuel charge heating apparatus** **Wallace, W.** ![](5353772.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** An apparatus including a first chamber in operative communication with a carburetor to receive carburetor fluid flow therefrom, directing such fluid flow through a central conduit into a second chamber in operative fluid communication with an intake manifold of an associated internal combustion engine, such that the central conduit is arranged for the heating and associated gaseous flow from the carburetor to the intake manifold. --- **USP # 5,335,639 ~ Heat exchanger having close packed spheres** **Siefkes; Donald** ![](5335639.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** An apparatus (16) for preheating combustion fluids such as air, fuel or fuel-air mixtures upstream of the combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine (10). The apparatus (16) generally includes a heat exchanger (18) and an assembly (46) for heating the heat exchanger. The improvement involves constructing the heat exchanger (18) from a plurality of closely-packed beads (20) each having a spherical shape and each comprised of homogeneous aluminum filling the entire space within the outer spherical shape to provide a high surface area heat exchanger for heating the combustion fluid as the fluid passes around the beads. --- **USP # 5,327,875 ~ Vapor enhanced carburetion system** **Hall; S. Franklin** ![](5327875.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A carburetion system for an internal combustion engine includes fuel vaporizing gun which operates as a heat exchanger with heat from the engine exhaust manifold. The system may be manually or automatically operative when hot exhaust gases from the engine heat the gun to sufficient temperatures for vaporizing the fuel. A vapor fuel shut-off valve positioned on the vapor line to the engine intake ports regulates the air to gas mixture to a ratio of between 15 and 16 to 1, for maximum combustion, increased fuel mileage and reduced emissions. --- **USP # 5,327,874 ~ Method and device for preparing fuel-air mixture for internal combustion engine** **Pugachev; Alexandr V. & Shatalov; Vasiliy N** ![](5327874.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** The present invention relates to the engine-building industry and can find application in the fuel feed system of internal combustion engines for preconditioning part of the flow of a rich fuel-air mixture fed to the main flow to decompose liquid fuel and convert it into a gas. A technical aim of the present invention consists in an increased fuel economy of the engine, reduced toxicity of exhaust gases, and use of a cheaper low-octane fuel. A method for preparing fuel-air mixture consists in that the flow of an overrich fuel-air mixture is additionally heated, before mixing it with the other flow of fuel-air mixture, by passing it through a promoter heated above the mixture ignition temperature, thus providing repeated contact of the flow with the promoter surface. A device comprises a heat-exchanger 1 communicating, via an intake piping 3, with the engine exhaust manifold, a proportioner 5 of the components of the fuel-air mixture being handled provided with an air piping 6, an exhaust gas piping 7, and a fuel piping 8. The proportioner 5 communicates, via a control member 10 and a mixing nozzle 9, with the inlet mixture-handling loop of the heat-exchanger 1. A promoter 12 is provided in the heat-exchanger outlet nozzle, arranged in a spaceless relation thereto and being in fact a heating element having a well-developed surface and may be variously embodied. --- **USP # 5,291,870 ~ Fuel vaporizing system** **Covey, Jr.; Ray M** ![](5291870.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A system for providing an air-fuel vapor mixture to an engine for improving completeness of combustion and also reducing emissions. The system includes a vaporizer within which a series of baffles are disposed such that air and fuel pass along a tortuous passageway defined within the vaporizer. Exhaust gases provide heat to the vaporizer, and as air and fuel pass along the passageway of the vaporizer, a homogenous air-fuel vapor mixture is produced, with the homogenous mixture exiting the vaporizer being supplied to the engine by way of an adapter plate assembly. When used with a carburetor, the adapter plate is disposed between the carburetor and the engine. --- **USP # 5,247,909 ~ Combustion enhancement system** **Simmons; William R** ![](5247909.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** An apparatus and method for enhancing the efficiency of a combustion process and thereby reducing undesirable emissions in which a solid combustion enhancing substance is converted into a highly dispersed, gas-transportable state at a controlled rate and is subsequently conveyed into the zone of combustion. The use of a substance in its solid state eases handling and avails highly effective materials for combustion and enhancement while the necessary conversion of the substance from one state to another enables a high degree of control as to its rate of addition to the combustion process. The substance's highly dispersed state when it enters the combustion process maximizes its effect. --- **USP # 5,218,944 ~ Fuel preheating system for internal combustion engines** **Leonard; Paul D.** ![](5218944.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A fuel preheater for use with internal combustion engines is disclosed. The preheater works on the principle that by preheating the fuel, the fuel is more effectively vaporized, resulting in more efficient combustion. This preheating is accomplished using heat normally wasted via the radiator. The preheater has a housing, through which heated engine coolant on its way from the engine block to the radiator is routed. A coiled steel gas line is routed through the housing, and is connected between the regular fuel line and the engine. --- **USP # 5,146,897 ~ Intake manifold of intake system for multi-cylinder internal combustion engine** **Hattori; Toshihiko, et al.** ![](5146897.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** An intake manifold for a multi cylinder internal combustion engine has a common upstream passage and individual downstream passages, leading individually to cylinders of the engine, respectively. These individual downstream passages are connected between a downstream end of the common upstream passage and the cylinders. Upstream end portions of the individual downstream passages are symmetrically located around a fuel injector, disposed downstream relative to the common upstream passage, and are joined together. At a center of the symmetrically joined upstream end portions of the individual downstream passages, fuel passages are provided to open independently into the upstream end portions so as to introduce fuel from the fuel injector into the individual downstream passages. --- **USP # 5,154,154 ~ Intake device for a mixture-compressing internal-combustion engine** **Henke; Jurgen, et al.** ![](5154154.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** An intake device for a mixture-compressing internal-combustion engine has a heating element for heating the injected fuel downstream of an injection nozzle in the intake channel in order to avoid formation of fuel condensate which is harmful in the exhaust emission. The heating elements are configured in plate form and directed at an angle towards the injected fuel jet such that, on one hand, there is a good heating and, on the other hand, there is a low flow resistance by the heating elements. The plate heating element can be integrated in a flush and heat-insulating manner in the wall of the intake channel. By virtue of the low flow resistance which a plate-like heating element arranged obliquely in the fuel/air mixture flow produces, the heating surface can be made larged and consequently a rapid fuel heating can be achieved. --- **USP # 5,140,966 ~ Carburetor for an internal combustion engine** **Wong; Men L.** ![](5140966.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** Carburetors and fuel injection systems are used to facilitate a combustile mixture of air and fuel for internal combustion engines. Inherently, the fuel in this mixture is mostly in liquid droplets. However, it is the vaporous fuel which combines with the air gives an explosive mixture; and it is this mixture that can be exploded during the short engine power stroke time available. The rest of the fuel in liquid form simply burns or exhausts to the environment, hence impairing the efficiency of the engine and polluting the environment. In this invention, liquid fuel is vaporized and combined with air to form an explosive mixture before introduction into the engine. In this design, ultrasonic technology is employed to atomize the fuel in the form of fine fuel mist. This mist is then injected into a specially designed heat exchanger, in which hot engine exhaust gas is brought in to cause this subspension of fuel mist to vaporize. Subsequently, this vaporized fuel combines with the intake air to form an explosive mixture. In this process, microcomputer technology is employed to control the precise air to fuel ratio of the mixture according to the degree of fuel vaporization and the demand of the engine operation. The fuel in this mixture is in a vaporous state; therefore utilization of the fuel is maximized. --- **USP # 5,134,986 ~ Internal combustion engine with fuel heater** **Curhan; Jeffrey A.** ![](5134986.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** An internal combustion engine has a channel member such as a plenum chamber or cylinder head or the like with an inlet receiving air and fuel to form an air-fuel mixture and with a pair of outlets furnishing the air-fuel mixture to respective cylinders or groups of cylinders or to respective cylinder intake valve openings of two-intake engine cylinders or the like. A heating device mounted on the channel member has a heat-exchange surface which intercepts the air and fuel from the inlet to heat and fully vaporize the fuel to form the air-fuel mixture and also to divide the fuel mixture between the two outlets for furnishing the fuel mixture to the individual cylinders, groups of cylinders or intake valve openings. --- **USP # 5,123,398 ~ Carburetion system** **Klaus; Rudolph W. & Knowlton; James L.** ![](5123398.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A fuel gasifier for an internal combustion engine having a gasification chamber, a device for injecting fuel into the chamber in droplets of about 30-50 microns or less in diameter, an ambient air inlet to the chamber with a flow control therefor, to admit a controlled amount of ambient air to mix with the fuel, a heater in the chamber to elevate the fuel temperature and convert the fuel to a gaseous state, a fuel and air mixing and transfer impeller in the chamber for increasing turbulence and propelling the mixture from the chamber, an annular venturi flow passage for flow of additional ambient air past the outside of the chamber, and a plurality of radial passages between the chamber and the venturi passage for flow of the turbulent mixture into the venturi passage and entrainment of the fuel and air mixture into the additional ambient air. --- **USP # 5,101,801 ~ Method of heating an IC engine** **Schatz; Oskar** ![](5101801.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A method of heating an internal combustion engine during cold start-up and also for maintaining an optimum development of the temperature of the combustion gas during other operational conditions is disclosed. Heat stored in a heat storage means is released to the combustion air prior to the entry of same into the combustion chamber of the engine. --- **USP # 5,086,748 ~ Fuel supplying system for gas engine** **Yokoyama; Yoshiharu** ![](5086748.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** Several embodiments of gaseous fuel supplying systems for an internal combustion engine used to power a portable generator. In each embodiment, heat is supplied to the fuel so as to maintain the fuel pressure if the fuel pressure falls below a predetermined pressure. In some embodiments, the heat supply is on-off and in other embodiments it is variable. In certain embodiments, the heat is supplied electrically and in another embodiment, the heat is extracted from the engine. In addition, one embodiment incorporates a cold starting arrangement wherein fuel is supplied to the engine for cold starting at full container pressure. --- **USP # 5,086,747 ~ Internal combustion engine with fuel heater** **Curhan; Jeffrey A.** ![](5086747.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** An internal combustion engine has a channel member such as a plenum chamber or cylinder head or the like with an inlet receiving air and fuel to form an air-fuel mixture and with a pair of outlets furnishing the air-fuel mixture to respective cylinders or groups of cylinders or to respective cylinder intake valve openings of two-intake engine cylinders or the like. A heating device mounted on the channel member has a heat-exchange surface which intercepts the air and fuel from the inlet to heat and fully vaporize the fuel to form the air-fuel mixture and also to divide the fuel mixture between the two outlets for furnishing the fuel mixture to the individual cylinders, groups of cylinders or intake valve openings. --- **USP # 5,048,501 ~ Fuel economy system for internal combustion engines** **Smith; Dale T. & Amistadi; C. George** ![](5048501.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A mechanical process for significantly improving the octane rating performance of gasoline powered engines (either conventional carburetion or fuel injection). An auxiliary system fractionates a precise portion of the required fuel and combines the fraction thus formed with a conventionally produced air/fuel mixture in states and proportions which optimize the combustion process. Different means of implementing the process are described utilizing an additional fuel controller which is connected to a fuel supply through an existing fuel pump which delivers fuel to both the fuel controller and an existing carburetion of fuel-injection system. Air for both is drawn through a common air filter. A proportioning system determines the proper amount of air and fuel entering the controller where they are mixed. The vapor fraction is enhanced and stabilized by passing the mixture through a heat exchanger. This vapor-rich mixture is then combined with the air/fuel mixture supplied by the existing system, and introduced into the engine's manifold. Precise control of the vapor fraction permits highly efficient combustion heretofore attainable only with chemical additives, such as tetraethyl lead. --- **USP # 5,042,447 ~ Thermostatically controlled fuel heater and cooler** **Stone; Walter H.** ![](5042447.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A device for heating and cooling fuel to maintain the temperature of fuel delivered to an engine within a desired temperature range includes a body (10) having a fuel inlet (12) and a fuel outlet (14). The body includes a middle portion (16) and a first heat exchanger portion (18) in connection with a heat source. The body also includes a second heat exchanger portion (20) in connection with a heat sink. A thermostatic actuator (86) positioned adjacent the outlet of the device, includes a plunger rod (88) that extends responsive to increased temperature of the fuel passing the actuator. A movable member (74) is positioned by the plunger rod to direct fuel to either a first opening (28) from which the fuel passes through the first heat exchanger portion and is heated, or to a second opening (30) from which the fuel passes through the second heat exchanger portion and is cooled. Fuel passing through the device is divided between the first and second heat exchanger portions to maintain the fuel delivered from the device within the desired temperature range. --- **USP # 5,040,518 ~ Fuel vaporizer manifold** **Hamm; Myrle W.** ![](5040518.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A fuel vaporizer manifold to be mechanically interconnected between the carburetor and intake manifold of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle. The vaporizer manifold comprises a plurality of parallel aligned and longitudinally extending heating tubes and a plurality of parallel aligned and laterally extending heat conducting fins that are arranged in thermal contact with said tubes. A portion the hot exhaust gases being emitted from the engine is recycled from the exhaust manifold to the carburetor by way of the heating tubes of the vaporizer manifold to thereby heat the tubes and the fins in contact therewith. Liquid fuel (e.g. gasoline), which is mixed with air and supplied to the vaporizer manifold from the carburetor, flows over the heat conducting fins, whereby said liquid fuel is vaporized. The vaporized fuel is supplied from the vaporizer manifold to the intake manifold to be efficiently combusted within the cylinders of the engine. Accordingly, the exhaust emitted into the atmosphere by the engine will be characterized by a relatively low temperature and less potentially harmful pollutants. --- **USP # 5,040,517 ~ Carburetor preheater** **Cox; Carl C.** ![](5040517.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A continuous hot air intake for carburetor and fuel injection supplied engines that regulates the temperature of air mixing with fuel that is mixed in the carburetor or fuel injector prior to introduction to the cylinders of the engine. The invention includes preferably a heater and associated filter located at the air intake side of the carburetor that is activated by circulating heated fluid contained within the engine cooling system. The heater, in preferred form, is conveniently sized and circular in configuration so as to encircle the filter positioned at the air intake side of the carburetor, however, a circular filter can be used to encircle the heater. The heater and filter are encompassed by a releasably securable cover to hold these components together and in place and to block the entry of dust, dirt or other invading elements. --- **USP # 5,038,742 ~ Vaporizer nozzle** **Uddin; Mustafa A.** ![](5038742.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A vaporizing nozzle which comprises a wall (16) of porous material through which a liquid to be evaporated percolates from one side thereof into a gas stream at the other side thereof and a thermoelectric device (30) located at or adjacent the wall of porous material whereby to regulate the temperature thereof. A computer is provided, with a read only memory (ROM) or equivalent containing a "map" of the air to fuel ratio required for given values of the various parameters and compares the sensed values with the map held in memory and sends an appropriate signal to thermoelectric device controller which responds by sending a current of the correct magnitude and polarity to the device such that the device, which is in close proximity to the wall heats or cools the surface of the wall to a desired level thus regulating the flow or fuel therethrough. --- **USP # 5,027,759 ~ Fuel injection and gasifying system for two-stroke engine** **Luo; Jih-Tzang** ![](5027759.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A fuel injection and gasifying system for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The combustion system includes a piston assembly with a piston furnished with a gasifying chamber, a cylinder which contains the combustion apparatus, a crank assembly with a crankcase, an injection apparatus, and a control apparatus. The crank assembly manipulates the piston assembly between a first position and a second position. The injection apparatus delivers a fuel mixture to the combustion system, and is positioned such that, when the piston assembly is in the first position, the injection apparatus opens into the gasifying chamber, and when the piston assembly is in the second position, the injection apparatus opens into the crankcase. The control apparatus controls the operation of injection apparatus. When the temperature of the gasifying chamber is below the vaporizing temperature of the fuel the fuel is injected into the crankcase. Once the gasifying chamber has reached the vaporizing temperature, the fuel is injected into the gasifying chamber. --- **USP # 5,019,120 ~ Vapor-accelerated combustion fuel system** **Lewis; Alfred M. & Cox; James W** ![](5019120.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** The invention produces and meters a constant supply of volatile gasoline vapors into the cylinders of an internal combustion gasoline engine. The vapors are produced by releasing them from liquid gasoline through pressure differential inside a closed vaporizer container. Vapor is transferred from the container to the fuel delivery mechanism by introducing the vapor into one or more constant vacuum inlet ports of the fuel delivery mechanism. A variable gascock valve regulates the flow of vapor. These constant vacuum inlet ports, and lines thereto, are standard components of all modern automobile engines and require no modification for installation of the invention. All gasoline burned by the engine first passes through the system's vaporizer container where a portion of the available vapor (free vapor) is released and transferred to the fuel delivery mechanism. Unvaporized liquid gasoline within the container is concurrently pumped to the fuel delivery mechanism by an auxiliary fuel pump. --- **USP # 5,012,788 ~ Fuel-air mixture-forming device for internal combustion engines** **Feldinger, Martin** ![](5012788.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** The present invention proposes a fuel-air mixture-forming device for internal combustion engines, having a rotationally symmetric nozzle body (2) which, together with a rotationally symmetric throttle body (8) displaceable in it, forms a convergent-divergent nozzle which discharges into a radial diffusor (6). In the vicinity of the narrowest cross section (5) of the nozzle there is provided a fuel slot (11) extending around it and discharging into it, at least one fuel feed line (9, 10) discharging into the fuel slot. The radial diffusor is formed by a region of the nozzle body which is curved outward in the direction of flow of the mixture and by a wall (15) of a structural member (17) which forms a structural unit (18) with an intake manifold (7) of the internal combustion engine, the wall (15) lying opposite the nozzle body and being rotationally symmetric to the longitudinal axis (1) of the throttle member and having a bulge (16) pointing toward the throttle member. Due to its development, the radial diffusor makes it possible that a film of fuel which necessarily adheres to the diffusor wall upon injection of the fuel detaches itself, whereby an improved mixture is formed. --- **USP # 4,984,555 ~ Diesel engine fuel pipeline heating device** **Huang, Kuo-Liang** ![](4984555.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** The present invention is related to a diesel engine fuel pipeline heating device and particularly to a diesel engine fuel pipeline heating device consisting of an electric heating device and a water (or air) temperature heating device provided to the exterior of diesel engine fuel pipe. A diesel engine equipped with such a heating device can be easily started through the electric heating device to heat the fuel in the fuel pipe up to a suitable starting temperature around 40.degree. C. (or 104.degree. F.) before starting the engine; and after starting the engine for some time, namely, when the temperature in the heating cylinder of water (or air) heating device has risen to the said suitable combustion temperature around 40.degree. C. (or 104.degree. F.), the power source of electric heating device is automatically turned off to stop the heating action. Then the hot water from the water return pipe of radiator or the hot air from the exhaust pipeline of exhaust pipe keeps continued preheating of fuel pipe for a constant temperature through the water (or air) heating device so as to continuously keep the full fuel combustion, easily and smoothyl start and run the engine, save fuel and enhance the horse power of engine. --- **USP # 4,979,483 ~ Diesel fuel heater** **Ray, Dennis A.** ![](4979483.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A diesel fuel heater for heating diesel fuel prior to its introduction into the diesel engine wherein said fuel heater comprises top and bottom covers and an elongate annular section. The fuel heater of the present invention heats the fuel by passing engine coolant across fuel carrying fuel tubes located in the heat transfer chamber. --- **USP # 4,971,018 ~ Diesel fuel heater** **Ray, Dennis A.** ![](4971018.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A diesel fuel heater for heating diesel fuel prior to its introduction into the diesel engine wherein said fuel heater comprises top and bottom covers and an elongate annular section. The fuel heater of the present invention heats the fuel by passing engine coolant across fuel carrying fuel tubes located in the heat transfer chamber. --- **USP # 4,955,351 ~ Vapor-accelerated combustion fuel system** **Lewis, Alfred M. & Cox, James W.** ![](4955351.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** The invention produces and meters a constant supply of volatile gasoline vapors into the cylinders of an internal combustion gasoline engine. The vapors are produced by releasing them from liquid gasoline through pressure differential inside a closed vaporizer container. Vapor is transferred from the container to the fuel delivery mechanism by introducing the vapor into one or more constant vacuum inlet ports of the fuel delivery mechanism. A variable gascock valve regulates the flow of vapor. These constant vacuum inlet ports, and lines thereto, are standard components of all modern automobile engines and require no modification for installation of the invention. All gasoline burned by the engine first passes through the system's vaporizer container where a portion of the available vapor (free vapor) is released and transferred to the fuel delivery mechanism. Unvaporized liquid gasoline within the container is concurrently pumped to the fuel delivery mechanism by an auxiliary fuel pump. --- **USP # 4,883,616 ~ Vaporizer/carburetor and method** **Covey, Jr., Ray M.** ![](4883616.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A vaporizer unit has an enclosing casing including a plurality of tubes therein, defining a fuel passage therethrough, including the tubes. The tubes have coiled wire screen therein. An auxiliary carburetor is positioned at the inlet end of the fuel passage, and an outlet passage leads to the main carburetor of the automobile. The casing also defines an exhaust passage therethrough, transversely of the fuel passage, providing heat transfer between the exhaust gases and the tubes. The temperature of the resulting vaporized fuel is sensed for varying the flow of the exhaust gases and thereby controlling the temperature of the vaporized fuel, which is maintained at 250.degree. F. to 260.degree. F. An electric crystal is used for breaking down the heavy ends of the fuel. The rate of flow of air to the main carburetor is varied for correspondingly varying the rate of intake of vaporized fuel from the vaporizer unit. Automatic and manual controls are both utilized selectively, each without interfering with the other. --- **USP # 4,883,040 ~ Fuel vaporizer** **Rocky, William C.** ![](4883040.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** The invention relates to a method and system for increasing the output in terms of miles per gallon attainable by a conventional internal combustion engine. The improvement in m.p.g. is the result of a fuel vaporizer unit which utilizes engine collant and exhaust gases in heat exchange relationship to vaporize raw fuel. The gas vapors are collected within the vaporizer unit and then directed to the carburetor wherein it is united with air prior to entering the intake manifold. It has been found that running an engine on a mixture of gas vapors and air produces significantly improved mileage over that otherwise attainable. An additional advantage of the vaporizer unit is the resulting reduction of the amount of pollutants released into the atmosphere due to the complete and total combustion of all the vapors entering the combustion chambers. --- **USP # 4,862,859 ~ Apparatus and operating method for an internal combustion engine** **Yunick, Henry** ![](4862859.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A method and apparatus for operating an electric ignition, internal combustion engine that substantially improves the fuel efficiency by utilizing heat normally discharged to the ambient to condition and prepare the fuel mixture prior to entry into the combustion chambers. The apparatus comprises a fuel vaporizer that transfers heat from the engine coolant system to the fuel mixture as it leaves a fuel introducing device such as a carburetor; a fuel mixture heater for heating the mixture above the vaporization temperature of the liquid fuel; and, a mixture homogenizer for thoroughly stirring the fuel mixture that is located in the fuel mixture flow path intermediate the vaporizer and heater. The homogenizer is operative to compress the fuel mixture under certain engine operating conditions and the heater forms the intake manifold for the engine and includes branch flow paths and associated conduits that communicate directly with each combustion chamber through a valve controlled port. The fuel mixture flow path from the homogenizer is constructed to minimize energy losses to the ambient. --- **USP # 4,829,969 ~ Spiral distributor fuel heater** **Ray, Dennis A.** ![](4829969.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A fuel heating device for internal combustion engines using engine coolant to heat the fuel prior to the introduction of the fuel into the carburetor and utilizing a spiral distributor to evenly heat the fuel and eliminate vapor lock. The spiral distributor provides a means for spiraling the fuel through a heat transfer chamber to evenly heat the fuel and decrease the amount of vaporized fuel created by heating the fuel. --- **USP # 4,768,493 ~ Blow-by gas heating system for internal combustion engines** **Ohtaka, Shoichi** ![](4768493.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** An arrangement for heating the blow-by gas system of a water cooled type internal combustion engine by providing engine coolant conduits in heat exchange relationship with the blow-by gas hoses and PCV valve. In one embodiment a water jacket surrounds the PCV valve. The heat exchangers between the blow-by gas system hoses and the coolant hoses are parallel adjacent conduits in one embodiment and concentric conduits in another embodiment. --- **USP # 4,718,393 ~ Air-fuel homogenizer** **Bakish, Richard J.** ![](4718393.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A device for increasing the homogenity of the air-fuel stream between the carburetor and the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. A first cylindrical member is connected between the carburetor and intake manifold, said first cylindrical member having within it multiple sets of vanes for mixing the gaseous stream flowing within. Means for controlled heating of the gaseous stream moving through the first cylindrical member is provided. Means for driving the gaseous stream through the first cylindrical member is also provided. --- **USP # 4,708,100 ~ Two-stroke engine with injected fuel gasifying chamber in piston** **Luo, Jih-Tzang** ![](4708100.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** It is a reciprocating type of internal combustion engine, of which the inside of piston is furnished with a gasifying chamber; the outlet of the gasifying chamber can, during the piston moving reciprocatingly, be in alignment with the spraying nozzle on the cylinder and the third scavenging passage in sequence so as to let the spraying nozzle directly spray fuel into the gasifying chamber, and to let the fuel absorb the high temperature heat of the piston top to cause the fuel to be gasified completely. The gasified fuel flows into the third scavenging passage during the piston moving downwards and is to be stored therein temporarily; then, the gasified fuel is compressed into the cylinder by means of the compressed air in the crankcase so as to mix with the fresh air entered into the cylinder via other scavenging passages. The gas mixture is to be compressed with the upward moving piston, and to be exploded to generate a mechanical power. --- **USP # 4,671,245 ~ Throttle valve pipe** **Knapp, Heinrich** ![](4671245.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A throttle valve pipe is proposed, which is used for fuel mixture formation for mixture-compressing internal combustion engines with externally supplied ignition. The throttle valve pipe includes an intake conduit and a throttle valve is disposed therein and to control fuel flow. From upstream of the throttle valve fuel can be ejected by an injection valve in the direction toward the throttle valve. The throttle valve is made of ceramic and on its surface which faces the injection valve this valve is provided with an electric heating resistor film. In the pivoting region of the throttle valve, a liner of ceramic is inserted into the intake conduit and the additionally liner surface which forms part of the intake conduit is provided with an electric heating resistor film. --- **USP # 4,667,643 ~ Heated fuel vapourizer and slidable throttle valve** **Arnold, Bruce M.** ![](4667643.jpg) ***Abstrac*t ~** Apparatus for supplying a gaseous fuel mixture to a combustion chamber. A fuel vaporizer vaporizes liquid fuel which is then mixed with air. The vaporizer and mixing chamber are heated to maintain the temperature of the vaporized fuel/air mixture. The vaporizer and mixing chamber are also interconnected so that vaporized fuel is discharged directly from the vaporizer into the mixing chamber. A simplified valve for controlling the quantity of vaporized fuel discharged into the mixing chamber is provided. --- **USP # 4,651,702 ~ Air-fuel mixture heating device for internal combustion engine** **Nara, Akio, et al.** ![](4651702.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A heating device for heating air-fuel mixture to be fed to an internal combustion engine has a PTC heat generator having a flat ring-like form with a portion of the inner peripheral surface thereof directly exposed to the passage for the mixture. The heating device also has a heat radiating member having an inner peripheral heat radiating surface confronting the mixture passage and jointed to the PTC heat generator in heat conducting relation therewith. --- **USP # 4,637,365 ~ Fuel conditioning apparatus and method** **Yunick, Henry** ![](4637365.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A method and apparatus for operating an internal combustion engine that substantially improves the fuel efficiency by utilizing heat normally discharged to the ambient to condition and prepare the fuel mixture prior to entry into the combustion chambers. The apparatus comprises a fuel vaporizer, a fuel mixture heater and a mixture homogenizer located in a fuel mixture flow path intermediate the vaporizer and the heater. The fuel vaporizer includes structure defining an inner heat exchange chamber which receives air and entrained fuel discharged by a fuel introducing device such as a carburetor. The fuel mixture is heated and at least partially vaporized by engine waste heat derived from the engine cooling system or alternately the engine exhaust system. To facilitate the transfer of heat to the fuel mixture, a pair of heat exchange members are disposed in the chamber and include a supply tube defining a flow path for fluid carrying engine waste heat and a plurality of bristle-like heat exchange surfaces radiating outwardly from the supply tube. The bristle-like surfaces are located in heat exchange relation with the fuel mixture in the vaporizing chamber and transfer heat from the heat exchange fluid to the fuel mixture as the fuel mixture passes through the vaporizer. --- **USP # 4,611,567 ~ Vaporizer/carburetor** **Covey, Jr., Ray M.** ![](4611567.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A vaporizer unit has an enclosing casing including a plurality of tubes therein, defining a fuel passage therethrough, including the tubes. The tubes have coiled wire screen therein. An auxiliary carburetor is positioned at the inlet end of the fuel passage, and an outlet passage leads to the main carburetor of the automobile. The casing also defines an exhaust passage therethrough, transversely of the fuel passage, providing heat transfer between the exhaust gases and the tubes. The temperature of the resulting vaporized fuel is sensed for varying the flow of the exhaust gases and thereby controlling the temperature of the vaporized fuel, which is maintained at 250.degree. F. to 260.degree. F. An electric crystal is used for breaking down the heavy ends of the fuel. The rate of flow of air to the main carburetor is varied for correspondingly varying the rate of intake of vaporized fuel from the vaporizer unit. Automatic and manual controls are both utilized selectively, each without interfering with the other. --- **USP # 4,603,672 ~ Fuel vaporizer for internal combustion engine** **Keller, R. W.** ![](4603672.jpg) ***Absract* ~** Pre-cooled aerosol spray fuel/air mixture is discharged through an array of metering tubes which are housed within a heat exchange chamber. Engine coolant is circulated through the heat exchange chamber. As the aerosol fuel/air mixture is drawn from the carburetor through the metering tubes and into the manifold, heat transfer from engine coolant circulating through the heat exchange chamber causes the aerosol mixture in the metering tubes to vaporize. In a preferred embodiment, the temperature rise within the heat exchange chamber is limited by heat transfer to an air circulation tube which is coiled within the heat exchange chamber. --- **USP # 4,593,670 ~ Fuel evaporator for internal combustion engine** **Nara, Akio, et al.** ![](4593670.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A fuel evaporator comprises a ring-shaped heater element made of PTC ceramic, a pipe made of heat conductive metal and disposed within an air-fuel passage of an internal combustion engine therealong and a pair of terminal members for supplying power to the heater element. The heater element is disposed closely in contact with the outer periphery of the upper end of the pipe. One end of each of the pair of terminal members is closely in contact with each of the upper and under surfaces of the heater element. The fuel evaporator further comprises a plate-shaped compact made of electricity insulating rubber or synthetic resin and formed around the upper end of the pipe. Within the compact, the heater element, the upper end of the pipe and the terminal members are embedded. --- **USP # 4,592,329 ~ Apparatus and operating method for an internal combustion engine** **Yunick, Henry** ![](4592329.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A method and apparatus for operating an electric ignition, internal combustion engine that substantially improves the fuel efficiency by utilizing heat normally discharged to the ambient to condition and prepare the fuel mixture prior to entry into the combustion chambers. The apparatus comprises a fuel vaporizer (50) that transfers heat from the engine coolant system to the fuel mixture as it leaves a fuel introducing device such as a carburetor (38); a fuel mixture heater (52) for heating the mixture above the vaporization temperature of the liquid fuel; and, a mixture homogenizer (54) for thoroughly stirring the fuel mixture that is located in the fuel mixture flow path intermediate the vaporizer and heater. The homogenizer is operative to compress the fuel mixture under certain engine operating conditions and the heater forms the intake manifold for the engine and includes branch flow paths (152a) and associated conduits (164) that communicate directly with each combustion chamber (32) through a valve controlled port (34a). The fuel mixture flow path from the homogenizer is constructed to minimize energy losses to the ambient. --- **USP # 4,583,511 ~ Carburetion apparatus** **Greene, Harry E.** ![](4583511.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** The invention comprises a carburetion apparatus for use with an internal combustion engine having a generally conventional carburetor, an intake manifold and an exhaust manifold. The carburetion apparatus has a central chamber that receives the fuel-air mixture from the carburetor and delivers the fuel-air mixture to the intake manifold. The central chamber is provided with baffles to divert the fluid flow and cause intimate mixing of fuel and air. The baffles are such that the manifold vacuum is raised (or, the pressure is lowered), so the vacuum assists in evaporating liquid fuel. The baffles may be heated by passing exhaust gases through them, the exit of the exhaust gas being slowed by a constricted outlet. --- **USP # 4,579,163 ~ Heat exchanger core and air flow control** **Maendel, Jonathan P.** ![](4579163.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A heat exchange apparatus includes a core mounted within a casing and two fans arranged to draw air from the exterior of a building through the core in a first path and to draw air from the interior of the building through the core in a second path. The core is made up from a plurality of tubular cells each formed from a single folded sheet of aluminum and having a slot shaped cross section. The short sides of the slot are arranged to face the inlet of cold exterior air so that it impinges upon the outer surface of the short side. The fan drawing the warm air is arranged to direct air onto the other surface of the short side so that the short side and the surrounding portions of the long sides act as an effective heat exchange surface free from the seam of the tubular core which is arranged adjacent opposite the short side. A differentially perforated baffle plate spreads the cold air over core such that more cold air is directed to the warm end of the core. The amount of warm air passing through the core is arranged to be greater than the amount of cold air so as to maintain the core above frosting temperatures. The excess of air can be arranged by bypassing air to and from the interior of the building through openings in the casing. --- **USP # 4,574,764 ~ Fuel vaporization method and apparatus** **Earle, John L.** ![](4574764.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** Carburetor air-fuel mixtures are directed to a manifold having a plurality of long, small diameter helical tubes extending upwardly therefrom. An auxiliary air inlet having an auxiliary choke and an auxiliary air throttle supplies air to mixtures entering the tubes in response to engine temperature and carburetor throttle. Heated engine coolant flows upwardly through a jacket enclosing the tubes. An outlet manifold receives air-fuel mixtures vaporized in the tubes and directs them to the engine intake manifold. The carburetor is mounted on a block having an air-fuel passageway extending from a top inlet to a side outlet. The block is mounted atop a block having a passageway having a side inlet which receives vaporized air-fuel mixtures from the tubes to a bottom outlet in communication with the intake manifold. --- **USP # 4,548,183 ~ Operational mode responsive heating arrangement for internal combustion engine induction system** **Hayashi, Yoshimasa** ![](4548183.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** In an engine system wherein the engine coolant is permitted to boil and the gaseous coolant used as a vehicle for removing heat from the engine, a heating jacket associated with the induction conduit of the engine is supplied with gaseous coolant via a control valve during cold engine starts and during modes of engine operation wherein it is advantageous from the view point of fuel economy to raise the temperature of the engine and/or the incoming fuel charge. The supply is terminated under other modes of operation to avoid heating the incoming charge and reducing charging efficiency. --- **USP # 4,534,333 ~ Internal combustion engine with air-fuel mixture heating** **Slattery, Gordon C.** ![](4534333.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** An internal combustion engine (1) includes a supplemental fuel passage (26, 27) which connects the carburetor (9) to the exhaust chest cover (28). A supplemental air inlet having a metering orifice (36) and passage (35) connects to the supplemental fuel passage. The resultant air-fuel mixture is heated before entry into the combustion chamber by passing the mixture through a heating passage (32) directly in front of the exhaust ports (13). When the engine is at idle with a completely closed throttle valve (19), the entire air-fuel supply for the engine is provided through the supplemental fuel and air passages and is heated in the heating passage prior to combustion. At increasingly open throttle, air-fuel is increasingly provided from the conventional primary carburetor output, with the heated air-fuel mixture being supplied in gradually decreasing amounts. --- **USP # 4,524,746 ~ Closed circuit fuel vapor system** **Hansen, Earl S.** ![](4524746.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A closed circuit vapor system wherein liquid is introduced to an ultrasonic transducer in a vaporizing chamber where it is vaporized and drawn into a preheater chamber and then drawn off by a pump and recirculated back to pass through the heater chamber. In one embodiment, it jets through a venturi to draw off more vapor from the vaporization chamber for heating and recirculation. The dry vapors are drawn off only as needed to meet the engine demands. --- **USP # 4,513,698 ~ Intake manifold structure for internal combustion engines** **Senga, Akihisa, et al.** ![](4513698.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** An improved intake manifold structure for internal combustion engines includes a distribution chamber having an upper sub-chamber leading to a carburetor and a lower sub-chamber communicating with the upper sub-chamber through a communication hole. A plurality of branch passages extend from the lower sub-chamber to a plurality of combustion chambers. An air-fuel mixture fed from the carburetor to the distribution chamber is expanded successively in two steps to promote its atomization as it passes through the two sub-chambers, thus improving uniform distribution of the mixture to the respective branch passages. Engine exhaust gas is returned to the upper sub-chamber to further promote the atomization of the mixture. --- **USP # 4,503,833 ~ Apparatus and operating method for an internal combustion engine** **Yunick, Henry** ![](4503833.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A method and apparatus for operating an electric ignition, internal combustion engine that substantially improves the fuel efficiency by utilizing heat normally discharged to the ambient to condition and prepare the fuel mixture prior to entry into the combustion chambers. The apparatus comprises a fuel vaporizer that transfers heat from the engine coolant system to the fuel mixture as it leaves a fuel introducing device such as a carburetor; a fuel mixture heater for heating the mixture above the vaporization temperature of the liquid fuel; and, a mixture homogenizer for thoroughly stirring the fuel mixture that is located in the fuel mixture flow path intermediate the vaporizer and heater. The homogenizer is operative to compress the fuel mixture under certain engine operating conditions and the heater forms the intake manifold for the engine and includes branch flow paths and associated conduits that communicate directly with each combustion chamber through a valve controlled port. The fuel mixture flow path from the homogenizer is constructed to minimize energy losses to the ambient. --- **USP # 4,491,552 ~ Pressurized/heated variable jet carburetor** **Wessel, Tim** ![](4491552.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A monolithic variable jet carburetor comprising an air intake, an associated variable jet and an underlying fuel reservoir, all contained within a pressurized and heated chamber and whereby the fuel is injected into the reservoir under pressure and is atomized via an overlying wire mesh screen and vaporized as it traverses the remainder of the heated delivery path to the air intake. The heated chamber is adapted to heat the fuel at all points intermediate the float chamber and air intake venturi via hot engine gasses or heated engine coolant and wherein the float chamber is further pressurized via an air pump. Pressure/temperature sensors control the relative ratios thereof during normal engine cycling under various load conditions. --- **USP # 4,478,198 ~ Fuel treating apparatus for internal combustion engines** **Bruhn, Larry C.** ![](4478198.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A housing has an inlet arranged to be connected to the outlet of a fuel mixing device of an internal combustion engine such as a carburetor and an outlet arranged to be connected to the intake manifold of the engine. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the housing has two or more spiral bores. These bores have a cross sectional area less than the cross sectional area of the outlet of the carburetor to provide increased time and velocity through the spiral bores and to isolate the carburetor from vacuum pulsations of the engine. The defining surfaces of the spiral bores is roughened to increase atomization. A second embodiment utilizes an elongated housing also having a spiral path for mixing the fuel and air. This latter housing has a longitudinal bore which also increases the velocity of flow of fuel and air mixture through the housing and includes a vacuum controlled valve arranged upon decreased vacuum to allow direct flow of fuel to the intake manifold in bypassing relation for providing a heated area around the spiral path, such casing being arranged to be connected into the exhaust manifold for using the heat therefrom. --- **USP # 4,469,077 ~ Fuel mixture method and apparatus for internal combustion engines** **Wooldridge, Bobby M.** ![](4469077.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A housing located between a conventional carburetor and the intake manifold inlet on a conventional internal combustion engine (such as that used in an automobile) has internal compartmentation to receive a volume of fuel and air mixture from the carburetor and to direct same through an outlet compartment and thence through a conduit to a fuel mixture heat exchanger mounted on the engine. The heat exchanger comprises one or more heat exchanger units each having a closed cylindrical housing with a plurality of closed, individual fuel mixture conduits therein (such as copper tubing). Each cylindrical housing is connected by a conduit, such as a hose, to the hot air exhaust manifold of the engine so that the heated air from the manifold is directed through each housing and around the heat exchanger tubes therein. A filter unit comprises a closed housing which receives the heated fuel through a porous screen baffle and a series of conventional ceramic or foam plastic or other types of filter material. The method comprises the procedure of directing the fuel mixture from the carburetor through the above system and apparatus and back into the engine. --- **USP # 4,465,053 ~ Fuel system having low profile gasket heater** **Berg; Peter G.** ![](4465053.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A fuel system for an internal combustion engine has an electrical resistance heater accommodated in low profile gasket means at a location between a throttle body mounting flange and a mating intake manifold flange for heating the throttle body. The gasket means comprises a relatively rigid electrically insulating spacer forming a chamber, a heat-transfer member and a terminal secured to opposite sides of a heater for mounting and making electrical connection to the heater which is accommodated in the spacer chamber, and relatively thin outer layers of more compressible gasket material for sealingly engaging the throttle body and mating manifold flange means respectively. --- **USP # 4,463,737 ~ Fuel system having gasket heater** **Berg, Peter G. & Strobel, Stephen J** ![](4463737.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A fuel system for an internal combustion engine has an electrical resistance heater accommodated in gasket means disposed between a throttle body flange and a mating flange on an intake manifold so that the heater is located immediately adjacent an idling speed fuel inlet nozzle or the like in the throttle body for transferring heat to the nozzle area through the throttle body flange to prevent freeze-up of the nozzle during engine operation. --- **USP # 4,438,750 ~ Device for fuel delivery to internal combustion engine with vaporization of injected fuel** **Sviridov, Jury B., et al.** ![](4438750.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** Disclosed is a device for fuel delivery to an internal combustion engine, mprising a vaporizing element whose one section is heated by exhaust gases and the other section is disposed in an intake duct and has an operating surface, a fuel charge being injected onto said surface by an injection nozzle. In this device the operating surface of the vaporizing element extends from its section heated by the exhaust gases to a diametrically opposite portion of the intake duct, and the orifice of the injection nozzle is directd tangentially as close to the operating surface of the vaporizing element as possible. --- **USP # 4,434,772 ~ Combustion mixture generator for internal combustion engines** **Hartel, Gunter, et al.** ![](4434772.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A carburettor or other combustible mixture generator 1 has a mixture chamber 3 surrounded by a tubular wall 2 which has an inner skin 9 and an outer skin 10 with an annular heating chamber 11 between them. Heating fluid such as exhaust gas or heated engine cooling water flows through the chamber 11 from an inlet 12 to an outlet 13 and so heats the inner skin 9. A fuel metering device 6, 7 directs the fuel on to the surface of the heated skin 9 and thus causes the fuel to be evaporated within the mixing chamber 3 upstream of a throttle 4. This greatly improves the uniformity of the mixture and the uniformity of its distribution through an inlet downstream of the throttle 4. --- **USP # 4,425,899 ~ Intake heating device of an internal combustion engine** **Kato, Keigo & Kuroiwa, Yoshio** ![](4425899.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** The present invention proposes an intake heating device of an internal combustion engine. The intake heating device has a hollow heater vessel comprising an inner pipe and an outer pipe between which an enclosed area is defined. For heating the inner pipe, a plurality of PTC elements are disposed in said enclosed area. The protection of the PTC elements from water, oil and the like is accomplished by coupling the inner and outer pipes hermetically and by embedding the lead members for applying voltage to PTC elements integrally in the outer pipe wall when it is being cast. For maintaining the fundamental function of the PTC elements, at least one of the lead members embedded in the pipe wall is formed in a tubular shape along which a through hole can be provided for allowing a certain amount of air to flow into said enclosed area. --- **USP # 4,420,439 ~ Constant pressure carburettors** **Hartel, Gunter, et al.** ![](4420439.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A downdraught carburettor of the constant pressure type has a mixing chamber 2 with an operator-controlled throttle valve 3 at its downstream end and a choke valve 10, which is operated by a diaphragm box 20 in dependence upon the pressure in the mixing chamber 2, at its upstream end. Fuel is supplied to the mixing chamber from an annular duct 5 through ports 6 to the wall of the mixing chamber down which the fuel flows in the form of a thin film. The film is evaporated to form the mixture by a heating jacket 16 which surrounds the mixing chamber 2 and is heated by engine cooling water or exhaust gases. In order to prevent the film of fuel from being broken up before it has been heated and evaporated, which tends to happen owing to turbulence in the air stream caused by the choke valve 10, an inner tube 11 is provided. The choke valve 10 is situated in the upstream end of the inner tube 11 so that the fuel film is screened by the tube 11 from any turbulence caused by the valve 10. Air flow to draw fuel from the ports 6 and build up the film on the wall of the mixing chamber takes place through narrow annular ducts 12 between the tube 11 and the surrounding mixing chamber wall, these narrow ducts being uniformly spaced apart around the whole of the outside of the tube 11. --- **USP # 4,399,794 ~ Carburetion system** **Gagnon, David C.** ![](4399794.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** This carburetion system for automobiles serves to increase gasoline mileage greatly, and it consists primarily of a regulator for metering drops of fuel onto a motor-driven fan in a fuel and air mixing chamber. It further includes a heat expansion cylinder connected to the mixing chamber, so as to vaporize the mixture fully and completely by exhaust gases of the engine, prior to the fuel and air gas entering the cylinders of the automobile engine. --- **USP # 4,388,910 ~ Intake expansion chamber apparatus for internal combustion engines** **Birdwell, Glenn E.** ![](4388910.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** An intake expansion chamber apparatus (10) for internal combustion engines is disclosed which preheats and expands the vaporized fuel/air mixture as the mixture flows between the carburetor and the combustion chamber. The apparatus includes an expansion chamber section (18) through which the fuel/air mixture flows between an inlet (20) connected in fluid communication with the intake manifold and an outlet (26) joined in fluid communication with the intake manifold at a location downstream from the outlet. The fuel/air mixture is heated during its passage through the expansion chamber by a heat transfer surface (30) to improve the vaporization and to more completely combust the hydrocarbons upon ignition. A safety valve (46) is provided to release pressure built up within the expansion chamber as during an engine backfire. --- **USP # 4,379,770 ~ Carburetors for internal combustion engines** **Bianchi, Valerio** ![](4379770.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A constant pressure carburettor comprises a mixing chamber 2 which is surrounded by a heating jacket 12, an operator controlled throttle valve 3 at the downstream end of the chamber 2, a fuel feeder 5, 6 at the upstream end of the mixing chamber and a choke valve 10 at an air inlet to the carburettor. The choke valve 10 is, in use, controlled automatically by the air flow into the carburettor in dependence on the opening of the throttle valve 3 and the speed of the engine to which the carburettor is fitted. The choke valve 10 tends to produce vortices or turbulence in the air flow and this tends to cause the fuel supplied by the feeder 5, 6 to the wall of the chamber 2 to be prematurely removed before it is heated. This adversely affects the vaporization of the fuel and the formation of the air-fuel mixture. To avoid turbulence or vortices in the chamber 2, a stabilization conduit 16 is provided between the choke valve 10 and the fuel feeder 5, 6. The conduit 16, which preferably has two right-angle bends as shown, damps out or at least decreases the vortices or turbulence in the air flow before it reaches the mixing chamber 2. --- **USP # 4,377,148 ~ Fuel mixture heating device of an internal combustion engine** **Ishida, Yasuhiko** ![](4377148.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A fuel mixture heating device of an internal combustion engine having a downdraft type carburetor mounted on the collecting portion of the intake manifold. A hollow cylindrical body having a radially outwardly extending flange is arranged at the lower end of the air horn of the carburetor. A plurality of PTC elements is arranged to be in contact with the flange of the hollow cylindrical body for heating the inner wall of the hollow cylindrical body. --- **USP # 4,372,275 ~ Fuel vaporizing carburetor** **Schmidt, Arlo R.** ![](4372275.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A liquid fuel vaporizing carburetor for an internal combustion engine including a housing having a fuel reservoir, a filter assembly including a plurality of filters of progressively smaller pores positioned in said housing; one of said filters being immersed in the fuel reservoir, a baffle for drifting incoming air into the filter in the reservoir and secondary air into openings in the housing to add secondary air to the air-fuel mixture as the air-fuel mixture passes through the filter assemblies. --- **USP # 4,366,798 ~ Fuel mixture heating device of an internal combustion engine** **Goto, Shuji** ![](4366798.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A fuel mixture heating device of an internal combustion engine having a downdraft type carburetor mounted on the collecting portion of the intake manifold. A hollow cylindrical heater vessel is arranged at the lower end of the air horn of the carburetor. The heater vessel comprises an inner pipe, an outer pipe and PTC elements inserted between the inner pipe and the outer pipe for heating the inner pipe before the completion of warm-up of the engine. The inner pipe has a thin wall having a corrugated cross-section. The inner wall of the PTC elements are in contact with the outer wall of the inner pipe. An air gap is present between the outer pipe and the outer walls of the PTC elements. A plurality of plate springs is inserted between the outer pipe and the corresponding PTC elements. --- **USP # 4,357,926 ~ Pollution emission control and fuel saving device for internal combustion engines** **Quick; Thomas E.** ![](4357926.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** For the purpose of increasing internal combustion engine efficiency and of decreasing the polluting content of the engine exhaust, the present invention centrifuges a conventionally produced liquid fuel-air mixture to separate and maintain the liquid content thereof in contact with a heated surface to collect latent heat energy until the same is evaporated and then using the molecular spreading energy forces to attain substantially equally spaced fuel vapor molecules among all of the equally spaced air molecules as they move into the combustion chamber of the engine, to thereby assure a more complete molecular fuel-air mixture, for more complete, efficient and pollution emission free combustion. --- **USP # 4,338,906 ~ Fuel charge preheater** **Cox, Nathan** ![](4338906.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A fuel preheater for an internal combustion engine directs incoming fuel from inlet manifold (40) against an end wall (22) heated by exhaust gas in conduit (14). The heated mixture is passed through a screen element (30) and traverses a helical path before entry into the intake manifold (50) of the engine. Heating of the mixture to a temperature between 427.degree.-482.degree. C. is disclosed as being advantageous to operation of the engine from the standpoint of noxious emissions. --- **USP # 4,336,783 ~ Fuel vaporizer carburetor for internal combustion engine** **Henson, Walter M.** ![](4336783.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A fuel vaporizer carburetor provides a continuous mixture of vaporized fuel and combustion air for operation of an internal combustion engine to meet the requirements of a wide range of engine operating conditions. Fuel vapor and combustion air undergo turbulent intermixing in an elongated mixing chamber. The mixing chamber is enclosed by a tubular wick of fiber mesh material which is saturated with fuel vapors and fuel condensate. The fuel vapors are generated by heating fuel in a float bowl which underlies the wick. Combustion air is admitted through a plurality of angularly spaced openings and is conducted through the porous flow passage provided by the tubular wick prior to entry into the mixing chamber. This arrangement produces a cyclonic, whirling movement which promotes intermixing of the combustion air and fuel vapors. Turbulence is induced at an intermediate point in the mixing chamber by a tapered sidewall housing section. The flow rate of the combustion air is limited by spring-loaded closure plates mounted over the inlet openings. --- **USP # 4,318,386 ~ Vortex fuel air mixer** **Showalter, M. Robert** ![](4318386.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A vortex fuel air mixer is positioned between the air throttle and the intake manifold of an engine. Part of the expansion flow velocity past the air throttle flows tangentially into the vortex chamber of the mixer, providing angular momentum which drives the flow into a vortical pattern. The flow streamlines within the vortical flow form into a generally irrotational flow pattern which swirls from the outside wall of the vortex chamber inwardly to a central vortex chamber outlet. This outlet feeds the engine intake manifold. Centrifugal forces in the swirling flow fling fuel droplets to the outside wall of the vortex chamber (in the manner of a cyclone scrubber). This liquid fuel must evaporate in order to leave the vortex chamber. The interaction of the evaporation, flow structure and turbulence relations inside the vortex chamber produces an essentially homogeneous mixture at the vortex chamber outlet. Fuel evaporation time in the vortex chamber is quite short, so that the device exhibits excellent transient response. --- **USP # 4,302,407 ~ Heating of combustible mixture generators for internal combustion engines** **Hartel, Guunter & Schurfeld, Armin** ![](4302407.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A carburettor or other mixture generator 1 for an internal combustion engine has a mixing chamber 3 which is surrounded by a tubular wall 2 and delimited at its ends by a throttle valve 4 and a choke 5. The wall 2 is double-skinned with a water heating chamber 10 between the skins. In order to heat the wall 2 and prevent the condensation of liquid fuel upon it, water from a cooling water circuit of the engine to which the carburettor is fitted is circulated through the chamber 10 under the control of a thermally operated valve 21. Since the cooling water will no heat the carburettor until the engine itself has become heated, the carburettor is also provided with electrical heating for cold starting purposes. The chamber 10 is raised so that when the engine cooling water pump is not operating the chamber 10 is empty and the inside skin 9 of the wall 2 is made of electric resistance heating material. The supply of electric power to heat the skin 9 is switched on by closing the ignition switch of the engine and it is subsequently automatically switched off by a temperature-sensitive switch 15 when the cooling water of the engine reaches a sufficiently high temperature to take over the heating of the carburettor. --- **USP # 4,300,513 ~ Carburetor attachment** **Ray, Dennis A.** ![](4300513.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A plate mounted between the carburetor and intake manifold having horizontally extending passageways and inlet and outlet ports communicating with four vertical apertures aligned with the passageways of the carburetor and intake manifold. Double-walled tubular heat exchangers, formed of spaced apart outer and inner jackets, are disposed in the vertical apertures, the spaces between the outer and inner jackets communicating with the plate passageways and being sealed from the inside of the inner jackets, such that engine coolant can be circulated through such spaces and through the plate to cause preheating of the fuel-air mixture as it passes through the inside of the exchangers and into the intake manifold. The inner periphery of each inner jacket has ring shaped serrations and a downward taper, which together with preheating by the heat exchangers results in significantly improved vaporization of the fuel-air mixture. --- **USP # 4,286,564 ~ System for preheating fuel** **Van Tuyl, Richard** ![](4286564.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** The present invention relates to a system for preheating gas prior to entry into the carburetor and further preheating the air-fuel mixture passing from the carburetor into the intake manifold of the engine. In particular, the present invention entails a heat exchanger plate assembly disposed between the engine carburetor and the engine with openings provided therein for allowing the air-fuel mixture to pass therethrough. Additionally, the heat exchanger plate assembly includes a first compartment operatively connected to the engine cooling system and a second adjacent compartment operatively connected to the fuel supply line. The fuel is preheated by the exchange of heat between the first and second compartments, and further since the coolant fluid is circulated through the first compartment and the same is adjacent openings allowing the air-fuel mixture to pass from the carburetor to the engine, it follows that the air-fuel mixture itself is also heated by the heat exchanger plate assembly. --- **USP # 4,256,066 ~ Carburetor** **Serruys, Max Y. A. M.** ![](4256066.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** The invention relates to a carburettor comprising a conduit with an air-intake and a fuel-introduction device in this conduit, the latter being intended to supply a carburetted fuel mixture to at least one combustion chamber of an explosion engine, and a throttle-valve means mounted in the conduit for controlling the supply flow-rate of carburetted mixture to the combustion chamber, the conduit further comprising a device with surfaces distributed over the transverse section of the conduit, this device being located in the conduit between the fuel-introduction device and the throttle-valve and providing a means of complete or almost complete vaporization of the fuel, thus avoiding inequalities of distribution of the richness of the mixture over the transverse section of the conduit, on the downstream side of the throttle-valve. The surfaces device may comprise a plurality of corrugated fins mounted in a rectilinear portion of the conduit or it may comprise a plurality of incurved fins mounted in an elbow of the conduit, or again the surfaces device consists of a nest of transverse tubes in mutually staggered relation. The throttle-valve means preferably comprises two symmetrical conjointly-operated shutters pivotally mounted on shafts transversely to the conduit. --- **USP # 4,212,274 ~ Pollution emission control and fuel saving device for internal combustion engines** **Quick, Thomas E.** ![](4212274.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** Carbonation enhancer having a cylindrical shell that is closed at one end by an envolute wall spaced from the inner end of a withdrawal tube, the output stream of a conventional carburetor is directed tangentially into space between the shells and caused to move in a spiral path toward the envolute closure wall by a spiral vane in the space and on reaching the envolute wall to move radially inwardly and into the inner end of the withdrawal tube to travel axially in a direction opposite that of the spiral path with the stream exiting the tube to enter the inlet manifold of the engine. Waste engine heat is applied to the exterior of the cylindrical shell in an amount sufficient to vaporize liquid fuel droplets centrifuged thereagainst from the stream as the latter traverses the spiral path portion of its travel from the carburetor to the intake manifold. --- **USP # 4,192,270 ~ Fuel system** **Beckman, Christopher P.** ![](4192270.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A fuel system for an internal combustion engine in which an air-gasoline mixture from a carburetor is fed through a plurality of chambers and through a plurality of curved, horizontally positioned, heated tubes which output the mixture to the intake manifold of the engine. --- **USP # 4,167,165 ~ Fuel vaporizers for internal combustion engines** **Finlay, Ian C. & Gallacher, George R.** ![](4167165.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A self-regulating, fast-response fuel vaporizer is disclosed which is cape of promoting increased efficiency of combustion of the fuel supplied to a spark ignition engine throughout the entire working range of the engine. The vaporizer comprises an inlet conduit through which fuel-air mixture is admissible to the engine, the mixture being directly heated within the conduit by an exhaust conduit which intersects with the inlet conduit. Use is made in the design of the respective heat transfer surfaces, of an inherent effect that flow pulsations have upon heat transference between a gas flowing in a tube and the walls of that tube, to provide a selected inverse relationship between heat transfer coefficient and engine speed whereby automatic regulation may be achieved of the heat supplied to the fuel-air mixture for all engine speeds. --- **USP # 4,161,931 ~ Vapor temperature controlled exhaust gas heat exchanger** **Giardini, Dante S. & Hamburg, Douglas R.** ![](4161931.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** An exhaust gas heat exchanger for vaporizing a liquid fuel is disclosed. The exhaust gas heat exchanger includes exhaust gas flow control valve means, responsive to a vapor temperature, to control the delivery of heated exhaust gases to a heat exchanger coil. A heat exchanger housing is communicated with the exhaust gas conduit of an otherwise conventional internal combustion engine and is provided with means defining a pair of generally parallel exhaust gas flow chambers. A fluid conducting heat exchanger assembly, in the form of one or more helical coils of fluid conducting tubing, is disposed within one of said at least two chambers in the housing. The tubing communicates on an upstream end with a source of liquid fuel and communicates on a downstream end with a vapor reservoir. The heat exchanger coil is arranged to have a maximum surface to volume ratio by including a plurality of individual fluid conduits arranged in side by side relationship. A diverter valve member is disposed within the housing body and is operative to modulate the portion of the total exhaust gas stream which passes through and over the heat exchanger coil assembly. A vacuum motor actuates the valve member between a pair of stops. The vacuum motor communicates through a vacuum valve with a source of vacuum as the internal combustion engine. The position of the vacuum valve, and hence the position of the diverter valve member, may be controlled by a temperature responsive unit which senses a vapor temperature at any desired vapor temperature location. --- **USP # 4,151,820 ~ Carburetion system for internal combustion motor** **Furacz, Istvan** ![](4151820.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** The disclosure describes a carburetion system for an internal combustion motor which operates with a mixture of vapor fuel and air. The system comprises: a carburetor which is characterized by operating as a continuous injection system, and a removeable heat exchanger which is incorporated into the admission system before the exhaust system, in order to heat the admission system. The carburetor is supplied under constant pressure through a pressure regulator which enables to vary the pressure of the fuel depending on the operating conditions and the behavior of the motor in general; moreover, the carburetor is provided with automatic control means to regulate the proportion of the quantities of air which accompany the formation of vapor fuel and the heat exchanger; finally, this system enables to limit the premature expansion of the combustible mixture which is introduced into the combustion chambers. --- **USP # 4,147,144 ~ Carburetion system for internal combustion motor** **Furucz, Istvan** ![](4147144.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A disclosure describes a carburetion system for an internal combustion motor which operates wih a mixture of vapor fuel and air. The system comprises: a carburetor which is characterized by operating as a continuous injection system, and a removable heat exchanger which is incorporated into the admission system before the exhaust system, in order to heat the admission system. The carburetor is supplied under constant pressure through a pressure regulator which enables to vary the pressure of the fuel depending on the operating conditions and the behavior of the motor in general; moreover, the carburetor is provided with automatic control means to regulate the proportion of the quantities of air which accompany the formation of vapor fuel and the heat exchanger; finally, this system enables to limit the premature expansion of the combustible mixture which is introduced into the combustion chambers. --- **USP # 4,142,481 ~ Vaporific carburetor** **Minoza, Clemente** ![](4142481.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** This invention relates to a vaporific carburetor for a gasoline engine, consisting of an evaporator tube assembly inclined to the horizon, an auxiliary fuel tank assembly at the upper end of the evaporator tube assembly, a mixer tube assembly at the lower portion of the evaporator tube assembly and an auxiliary water tank connected by a small water pipe to the upper portion of the evaporator tube assembly. The vaporific carburetor differs from the vaporizer carburetor in four different aspects. The first difference is in the cut at the outlet of the high speed tube, and the position of the cut with respect to the venturi. In the vaporizer carburetor the said cut is perpendicular to the wall of the venturi while in the vaporific carburetor the said cut is parallel with the wall of the venturi. The second difference is in the connection of the inlet of the idling speed tube. In the vaporizer carburetor the inlet of the idling speed tube is connected to the evaporator tube at a point below the air holes of the evaporator tube. In the vaporific carburetor the joint of the inlet of the idling speed tube to the evaporator tube is above the air holes of the evaporator tube. The third difference is in the position of the discharging portions of the two siphon tubes. In the vaporizer carburetor the discharging ends of both siphon tubes are inside the evaporator tube. In the vaporific carburetor the discharing end of the idling speed siphon tube is inside the evaporator tube while the discharging end of the high speed siphon tube is outside the evaporator tube. The fourth difference is that the inlet of the idling speed siphon tube in the vaporizer carburetor is made of pure metal while in the vaporific carburetor the inlet of the idling speed siphon tube is lined with plastic or leather. --- **USP # 4,108,953 ~ Fuel vaporizing device** **Rocco, Andrew** ![](4108953.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A device for completely vaporizing the fuel delivered to an internal combustion engine so as to minimize the emission of air pollutants. The device includes a heat conducting tubular housing, a heat conducting screen within and coaxial with the housing with an annular space between the housing and the screen, a heat conducting helical coil within the annular space and coaxial with the housing and the screen, and means for heating the helical coil, either electrically, or with heated air. In one form, a diffuser within and coaxial with the screen adjacent the inlet of the housing directs a fuel and air mixture outwardly into contact with the screen, helical coil and housing. In another form, a fuel injecting means within and coaxial with the screen adjacent the inlet end of the housing sprays fuel toward the outlet end of the housing and outwardly against the screen. A de-icer tube communicates with the inlet end of the housing for delivering heated air thereto under icing conditions. --- **USP # 4,106,457 ~** **Totten, George F. & Harman, Wayne L.** ![](4106457.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** There is disclosed apparatus for converting liquid fuel into a highly combustible dry gaseous fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a fuel injector connected to a heated baffle chamber containing a multiplicity of baffles, heated to the exhaust temperature of an internal combustion engine. The heated baffle chamber in turn communicates with an unheated baffle chamber containing a plurality of unheated baffles, which in turn communicates with a distribution chamber with throttle valves and a venturi to controllably disperse the dry gaseous fuel mixed with air into the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. --- **USP # 4,085,721 ~ Evaporation purge control device** **Vardi, Joseph & Kittler, Milton J.** ![](4085721.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** Hydrocarbon fuel vapors from an internal combustion engine are adsorbed during engine nonoperation on an adsorbent and thereafter desorbed during engine operation by backflowing atmospheric air therethrough and then combusted in said engine. Desorption is initiated and maintained when the total air flow to the engine reaches a predetermined minimum amount. --- **USP # 4,053,013 ~ Multi-purpose apparatus for heating or cooling fluids** **Guba, Peter** ![](4053013.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** Apparatus for heating or cooling a fluid includes a housing having a chamber, the housing having an inlet and an outlet with a flow path for the fluid defined therebetween, the inlet communicating between the chamber and a source of the fluid. A rotor is positioned within the chamber and includes a tubular member passing through the rotor and in the flow path between the inlet and the outlet. Portions of the rotor surrounding the tubular member define a hollow space, the rotor being mounted on a hollow shaft in order that means, such as another fluid, may be utilized at the periphery of the tubular member to effect a change in the temperature of the fluid passing through the tubular member. --- **USP # 4,048,969 ~ Fuel vaporizer apparatus** **Widman, D. Edward** ![](4048969.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** An internal combustion engine has the usual gasoline tank, electric starter, cam-operated fuel pump and inlet and exhaust manifolds. The exhaust manifold is converted to a heat exchanger by running steel tubing therethrough having an inlet connected to a second electrically operated pump and an outlet connected through electrically operated normally closed shutoff valve means to the intake conduit of a standard L.P. gas carburetor. The carburetor is connected to the inlet manifold by a base plate connected through an electrically operated shutoff valve to the cam-operated pump and provided with spray jet means for supplying liquid gasoline spray to the inlet manifold for starting. An electric switch having two "on" positions is provided, in the first position battery power is provided for starting and for opening the valve to the base plate and then for holding the valve open for about a minute at which time the switch is turned to its second position shutting off the valve to the base plate gas supply and turning on the electric pump and opening the valve means to the L.P. carburetor. A gasoline collecting reservoir between the L.P. valve means and the L.P. carburetor continuously returns any liquid gasoline to the electrically operated pump intake. --- **USP # 4,044,741 ~ Fuel vapor generator** **Swingley, Wayne** ![](4044741.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A fuel vapor generator in the form of a heat conductive member having an elongated U-shaped passageway formed through it. The member is mounted at the exterior of a carburetor venturi. A first open inlet end of the passageway extends through the venturi walls and receives atomized fuel from the main fuel nozzle and a portion of the incoming air. This fuel and air mixture is directed through the passageway where it is heated and the fuel is vaporized. The fuel and air are drawn from the passageway and returned into the venturi at a location downstream from the main nozzle. A series of mesh screens extending across the passageway and spaced along its length assist in atomizing the fuel and assuring efficient conduction of heat to the entire mixture of fuel and air within the passageway. --- **USP # 4,030,457 ~ Vapor carburetor** **Hawryluk, Peter** ![](4030457.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A device for feeding vaporized gasoline into the intake of an internal combustion engine. The fuel-air line leading from the conventional engine carburetor is passed through a chamber heated by exhaust gas to the intake ducts of the engine. The fuel line from the fuel pump travels through an electrically operated valve which directs the fuel either to the carburetor, for starting the engine, or alternately in a warmed engine, to a metering valve located on the fuel-air line in the heated chamber. The fuel line from the valve to the metering device passes through an auxilliary heating chamber to vaporize the fuel prior to its passage through the metering device into the engine fuel-air line. --- **USP # 4,022,172 ~ Manifold heat exchanger** **Fingeroot, Max** ![](4022172.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A manifold heat exchanger for an internal combustion engine is disclosed as including an enclosed liquid receptacle having a heat receiving portion projecting into an exhaust manifold and a heat dissipating portion projecting into an associated intake manifold. The receptacle is partially filled by a quantity of liquid that is vaporized by heat from the exhaust gases flowing over the heat receiving portion of the receptacle. The vaporized liquid transfers heat to the heat dissipating portion of the receptacle so as to heat a combustible charge flowing within the intake manifold. The intake manifold is preferably located above the exhaust manifold so that gravity normally positions the unvaporized liquid within the heat receiving portion of the receptacle. The liquid receptacle also preferably has a mushroom shape with an elongated lower portion defining its heat receiving portion and a partially spherical upper portion that defines the heat dissipating portion. The spherical heat dissipating portion is impinged by the combustible charge as it enters the intake manifold so as to provide the heating of the charge. A heat shield located within the exhaust manifold concentrates the heat exchange from the exhaust gases to the heat receiving portion of the receptacle. A common attachment member secures both the receptacle and the heat shield to the manifolds. --- **USP # 4,003,357 ~ Carburetion system for internal combustion motor** **Furucz, Istvan** ![](4003357.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** The disclosure describes a carburetion system for internal combustion motor comprising a carburetor, a heat exchanger and an admission block. The carburetor has a carburetion chamber for each motor cylinder and is provided with a motor-fuel reservoir, each chamber having a butterfly valve for controlling the introduction of air. A primary circuit individually feeds each chamber from the reservoir while a secondary circuit, which is independent from the chambers, directly feeds the motor cylinders with an excess of motor fuel which is fed from the reservoir. The heat exchanger, which is connected to the carburetor, comprises an independent heat exchange compartment for each carburetion chamber to which it is connected for enabling the mixture which is produced in the chamber to flow directly into the compartment. The combustion gases of the motor are brought around the compartments for evaporating the motor fuel of the mixture which flows therein. The heat exchanger also comprises a secondary circuit which is independent from the compartments and is connected to the secondary circuit of the carburetor for directly feeding the motor cylinders with an excess of motor fuel. The admission block is connected to the exchanger and comprises independent admission chambers, each one of them being connected to a compartment of the exchanger. Moreover, each chamber is connected to the secondary circuit of the heat exchanger in order to feed each motor cylinder with a mixture and with an excess, of motor fuel. --- **USP # 3,996,906 ~ Controlled exhaust gas fuel atomizing nozzle** **Bubniak, William C.** ![](3996906.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A fuel atomizing nozzle for use as a component part of a pressurized carburetor for an internal combustion engine in an automotive vehicle includes a housing forming part of the induction fluid passage through the carburetor, the housing having an inlet passage therein terminating at one end at an induction port, flow through which is controlled by a throttle-nozzle in the form of a poppet valve having a head and a stem, the stem being slidably received within a stepped valve guide bore in the housing, the guide bore having a stepped enlarged internal diameter adjacent to the induction passage to form, with the stem of the throttle-nozzle, a fuel discharge outlet, a fuel pressure regulator is associated with the housing to control fuel flow from a source of fuel under pressure to the fuel discharge outlet. An air-exhaust gas mixing valve has its outlet connected to the inlet passage in the housing, the mixing valve having an inlet for induction air and an exhaust inlet connectable to the exhaust system of the engine, a butterfly valve being positioned to control the flow of exhaust gases through the mixing valve, the butterfly valve being actuated by a linkage system operatively connected to the fuel pressure regulator whereby movement of the butterfly valve is controlled as a function of the fuel pressure in the fuel pressure regulator. The throttle-nozzle, in poppet valve form, functions as the primary throttle valve for the pressurized carburetor and is adapted to be operated by the usual throttle pedal control actuator by a vehicle operator. --- **USP # 3,989,014 ~ Ignited internal combustion engine operated with charge stratification** **Brandstetter, Walter** ![](3989014.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** An internal combustion engine with charge stratification and spark ignition comprises a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber, the main combustion chamber and the auxiliary combustion chamber being interconnected by a short passage. Hot gases flow past an outer surface of the auxiliary combustion chamber in heat exchange contact therewith for rapidly heating the auxiliary combustion chamber to a temperature within an optimum range to prevent condensation from forming in the auxiliary combustion chamber. --- **USP # 3,977,366 ~ Intake system of internal combustion engine** **Yamaguchi, Shunzo & Iwamoto, Kenzi** ![](3977366.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** An intake system for intercommunicating a carburetor and a combustion chamber of internal combustion engines which has a cylinder head, an intake port provided in the cylinder head, an intake valve located in the intake port and an exhaust manifold communicated with the combustion chamber. At least two intake passages are provided to join together at that part in the intake port which is immediately before the intake valve. One of the intake passages passes through the exhaust manifold, whereby the atomized fuel particles in an air-fuel mixture to be sucked in the combustion chamber can be positively vaporized without accompanying high temperature rising of the mixture. --- **USP # 3,961,616 ~ Fuel vaporizer for engines** **Brown, George A.** ![](3961616.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** An approximately 1 inch thick plate, 4 or 5 inches square, having a plurality of 1/16 inch perforations drilled through the 1 inch thickness and extending over approximately half of the central square area of the plate, and with exhaust gas passages surrounding the drilled hole area, is inserted in the flow path of the fuel and air mixture from the carburetor to the intake manifold of an engine. An exhaust gas supply line leads from the exhaust manifold of an engine, to the plate, and from the plate downstream to a further exhaust gas outlet in the form of a coupling with the PCV line which communicates with the carburetor in a conventional manner. In operation, this vaporizes the fuel as it passes through the plate. --- **USP # 3,957,024 ~ Device for vaporizing liquid fuel** **Mills, Walter D.** ![](3957024.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A liquid containing heat pipe for vaporizing uncombusted fuel is disclosed having a liquid transfer storage zone and optionally separate heating means disposed to heat only part of the liquid in said pipe. --- **USP # 3,944,634 ~ Carburetor idling system** **Gerlach, Charles R.** ![](3944634.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** An improved idling system for a carburetor in which the idling fuel is directed into the carburetor or manifold at a point spaced downstream from the throttle valve, and an air bleed modulation passageway for conducting air to a position adjacent the outlet of the idling fuel for controlling the air pressure at the idling fuel outlet for controlling the idle fuel flow rate. The air modulation passageway varying the idle fuel delivery as a function of throttle position and manifold pressure. A vortex chamber having a tangential air inlet for receiving and atomizing the idle fuel and air. Various tail pipe modifications may be connected to the outlet of the vortex for varying the fuel delivery characteristics. A convergent-divergent passageway may be provided between the idle fuel-air mixture prior to its injection into the intake manifold. Hot exhaust gases may be injected into the idle fuel-air mixture for better atomization, and exhaust gas may be used to externally heat the air-gas mixture. The idling fuel-air mixture may be conducted to each of the intake valves on each cylinder for correctly controlling the fuel-air ratio in each cylinder for reducing vehicle emissions. --- **USP # 3,930,476 ~ Internal combustion engine system** **Koch, Christian** ![](3930476.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** An internal combustion engine system, particularly as used for automotive vehicle propulsion, includes the engine with a muffler for reducing engine exhaust noise and fuelled by gas produced by a miniaturized gas reformer requiring heating and a supply of vaporized liquid hydrocarbon and oxygen-containing gas, the reformer usually being enclosed by a larger enclosure to form a space through which the engine exhaust is passed for supplying heat to the reformer, and having an exhaust heated heat-exchanger for its intake. By positioning the reformer inside of the engine's muffler so that the exhaust heat there is used to supply heat to the reformer, the need for the bulk-increasing larger enclosure is eliminated, and by arranging the intake heat-exchanger in the muffler so that the exhaust flow through the muffler is deflected both when entering and leaving the exchanger, a multi-deflected and therefore exhaust noise attenuation exhaust flow results. --- **USP # 3,927,651 ~Device for vaporizing fuel** **Harrow, Geoffrey & Mills, Walter** ![](3927651.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A device for vaporizing liquid fuel comprising a sealed vessel containing a heat transfer fluid and a non-condensable gas having a heat receiving zone, a heat discharging zone and a heat transfer liquid storage zone in which all the contained condensed heat transfer fluid can be stored without being returned directly to the heat receiving zone, said storage zone communicating with said heat receiving zone and/or said heat exchanging zone --- **USP # 3,919,365 ~ Carburetor** **Labelle, Bernard** ![](3919365.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A carburetor for an internal combustion engine comprising a partly cylindrical chamber on the periphery of which are connected inlet tubes. A closure plate pivots inside the fuel chamber to successively put in communication the tubes with the vaporization chamber. A multiplicity of fine perforations extend through the wall of the inlet tube to let the air through. A fine conduit brings the fuel near the intersection of the tubes and the chamber. The suction from the engine produces a multiplicity of air jets in the inlet tube and these jets pulverize the fuel when it enters the vaporization chamber. --- **USP # 3,918,423 ~ Pollution control device** **Amor, Leonel Da Fonseca** ![](3918423.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A device for reducing toxic gases emissions of explosion and internal combustion engines while at the same time effecting a saving in fuel consumption, is disclosed. The device includes a hollow heat collector/filter unit having a plurality of air inlet openings and adapted to be mounted on the exhaust manifold in heat exchange relation therewith, a homogenizer unit defining two chambers separated by a perforated partition, of which the first chamber is adapted to be placed in communication with the outlet of the carburetor while the second chamber is adapted to be placed in communication with the intake manifold of the engine, and ducts establishing communication between the interior of the heat collector/filter unit and the second chamber of the homogenizer unit. In operation, the vacuum created by the engine pistons, sucks ambient air into the heat collector/filter unit from which the heated air travels to the homogenizer where it is intimately mixed in the second chamber with the air/fuel mixture coming from the carburetor. The final mixture thus has a greater burning capacity which will result in more fuel being burned and less carbon monoxide produced. This abstract is not to be taken either as a complete exposition or as a limitation of the present invention, however, the full nature and extent of the invention being discernible only by reference to and from the entire disclosure. --- **USP # 3,911,881 ~ Combined engine exhaust and fuel gasification system...** **Lee Jr, Seth** ![](3911881.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A system for gasifying a mixture of fuel vapor and air for induction into an internal combustion engine comprising means for heating the mixture to gasification temperature within an inlet manifold chamber heated externally by engine exhaust; and optionally including means for adding air and hot exhaust to the gasified mixture prior to induction into the engine; means for adding air to the exhaust gases leaving the engine and auxiliary burning means for igniting combustibles in the exhaust gases. Through the present system the mileage per gallon of fuel will be increased at least 20% over the conventional norm. --- **USP # 3,892,211 ~ Fuel-air mixture heating device for internal combustion engines** **Oyama, Yoshige** ![](3892211.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A fuel-air mixture heating device is described which is interposed between a carburetor and an intake manifold so that completely vaporized fuel may be injected into the cylinders of the engine without adversely affecting the charging efficiency. The fuel-air mixture flowing from the carburetor to the intake manifold is forced to pass through a heating means where even low-volatile components of the fuel may be heated and completely vaporized, then through a flow controlling means for restricting the flow of the low-volatile components of the fuel close to the axis of the intake manifold while forcing the high-volatile components to flow off the axis, and finally through cooling means for cooling the fuel-air mixture before it is injected into the cylinder. --- **USP # 3,859,971 ~ Power Transmission System & Method** **Rauen, John** ![](3859971.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** An emission control system for an internal combustion engine, including a dual induction system adapted to provide to said engine a relatively low power fuel-air mixture and accomplishing thereby a substantially emission free exhaust, as pertains to the fuel alone. The dual induction system allows the engine piston speed and its associated crank shaft speed to be increased to a point beyond the known mechanically allowable limits of piston reciprocating (sliding) speed, to recover the potential engine power lost to the use of only the relatively low power mixture. The engine includes also, a roller crosshead assembly enabling the engine to operate indefinitely at such power and speed increases, and as limited by sources other than the crosshead alone. The dual induction system includes a cold-air intake system adapted to supply to the engine, all of the unheated air inducted by said engine, and a hot intake system supplying all of the fuel in a highly heated state and a small percentage of the total inducted air, equally as highly heated. The roller crosshead assembly includes a roller mounted upon the connecting rod wrist pin and a pair of opposed roller guideways supported in the engine cylinders by a cup-shaped guide member. The roller rolls upon the guideways, eliminating lateral axial movement of the piston upon the cylinders during its inward and outward movement, and permitting thereby, indefinitely long operating periods at the increased engine crank shaft and piston speeds. The roller crosshead assembly enables the engine lubricating oil to be excluded from the combustion portion of the engine's cylinders and thereby eliminating the exhaust emission arising from combustion and/or partial combustion of the oil during combustion of the fuel. --- **USP # 3,851,633 ~ Fuel System for IC Engine** **Shih, K.** ![](3851633.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine having a vapor carburetor wherein liquid fuel is vaporized in a fuel vaporizing chamber to supply fuel vapor to the engine with a portion of the lighter end of the fuel thus vaporized being stored in a holding fuel vaporizing chamber for a fuel system of an internal combustion engine used in starting the engine. --- **USP # 3,841,284 ~ Exhaust gas heated engine intake manifold...** **Krygowski, R.** ![](3841284.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** An engine intake manifold has an exhaust gas crossover passage that passes between the manifold carburetor riser bores and the manifold outlets to the engine cylinders; the riser bores are connected by thin sheet metal high heat transfer tubes that pass through the crossover passage so that the exhaust gases flow around the walls of the connecting portions of the tubes and vaporize any raw fuel running down the tube walls; the tubes have liquid fuel dams at their lower closed ends to trap liquid fuel and minimize passage of it to the engine cylinders, and conical deflectors to move liquid fuel from the walls into the air stream; additionally, insulating liners are placed in the inlet and outlet of the crossover passage to conserve heat. --- **USP # 3,832,985 ~ Non-Poillution Carburetion System** **Edde, R.** ![](3832985.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A fuel and ignition control system for an internal combustion engine for decreasing engine fuel consumption and for decreasing carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon exhaust emissions which includes a carburetor, a pressurized fuel tank vented, when over-pressurized, to the carburetor, a high speed venturi and at least one idle and low speed venturi in the carburetor, a throttle in the carburetor and means connected to the throttle for vacuum controlling the igniting distributor in response to the position of the throttle, a thermostatically controlled heated air inlet duct connected to the carburetor and heated from the engine coolant pump, a dry proportioning accelerating system connected to said carburetor for increasing fuel flow through said carburetor in response to the rate of engine intake manifold pressure rise, an engine coolant heated fuel evaporator connected to the air-fuel outlet of the carburetor, a liquid fuel interceptor and recuperator connected at one end to the fuel evaporator and connected at its opposite end to the intake manifold, means for drawing liquid fuel from the interceptor and recuperator and for evaporating at least a portion of the liquid fuel and returning such vapor to the intake manifold and means for heating the intake manifold with engine coolant. --- **USP # 3,828,736 ~ Method & Aparatus for operating combustion engines** **Koch, C.** ![](3828736.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** Method and apparatus for the combustion of a fuel, free of detrimental substances, in a combustion engine. The fuel, together with oxygen containing gas, is passed over a catalyst for conversion into a gas mixture of methane and carbon monoxide. Passing the gas mixture together with additional oxygen containing gas to the combustion engine whereat the gas mixture is burned producing an exhaust gas. Feeding part of the exhaust gas to the fuel, prior to the conversion of the fuel. --- **USP # 3,797,468 ~ Fuel system of IC engines** **Fisher, D.** ![](3797468.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A heat exchanger is incorporated between the carburetor and inlet manifold of an internal combustion engine to enhance fuel vaporization and therefore reduce fuel consumption and harmful exhaust emissions. The heat exchanger is preferably connected into the cooling system of the engine. In a development, an auxiliary air bleed is provided upstream of the heat exchanger to convert vapourized fuel into a fog to further enhance efficient combustion. --- **USP # 3,789,817 ~ Anti-pollution supply device for IC engines** **Lepareur, L. & Morel, M.** ![](3789817.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** Anti-pollution supply device for an internal combustion engine which comprises an air intake pipe, a main fuel supply pipe and an auxiliary fuel supply pipe. The main fuel pipe has a portion in the form of a frustoconical spiral disposed in a vaporization chamber heated by the exhaust gases of the engine. A thermostat is responsive to the temperature in the vaporization chamber and controls the supply of fuel above a given temperature in said chamber. The auxiliary fuel supply pipe is surrounded at least partly by an electric heating resistance and an auxiliary air intake pipe communicates with said air intake pipe. Control means are provided for heating the resistance and allowing supply of auxiliary air and auxiliary fuel for starting the engine above a predetermined temperature in the heating resistance and so long as the given temperature of the vaporization chamber has not been reached. --- **USP # 3,788,292 ~ Fuel Heat Exchanger for IC Engine** **Lee, S.** ![](3788292.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** Apparatus for gasifying a fuel and air mixture in an internal combustion engine comprising a baffled inlet chamber for receiving a fuel and air mixture essentially surrounding an exhaust chamber for receiving high temperature exhaust gases, thereby promoting temperatures in the baffled chamber sufficient to gasify said mixture prior to induction to said engine. Methods for gasifying fuels are also taught. --- **USP # 3,763,838 ~ Carburetor having a heat pipe for vaporing fuel** **Lindsay, R., et al.** ![](3763838.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A fuel vaporizing system for spark ignition internal combustion engines wherein a heat pipe filled with a narrow-range boiling point fluid is disposed to transfer heat from a heat zone to a vaporizing zone. The liquid fuel is vaporized in the vaporizing zone prior to being mixed with air. --- **USP # 3,763,839 ~ Fuel system apparatus** **Alquist, H.** ![](3763839.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** In a fuel system of an engine having a fuel tank, carburetor, and inlet and outlet manifolds, means are provided for passing fuel vapors into an absorber for retention therein and delivery into the intake manifold during starting of the engine and for a period thereafter. The flow of the fuel vapor from the absorber is terminated and fuel delivery from the carburetor into the intake manifold is initiated in response to an increase in the temperature of the exhaust manifold. --- **USP # 3,762,385 ~ Air fuel preheater for IC engine** **Hollnagel, H.** ![](3762385.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A water-jacketed fuel vaporizing chamber is interposed between the carburetor and the intake manifold on an internal combustion engine. The flow path is tortuous and of considerable length which induces some turbulence and insures full vaporization of the gasoline. Carbon monoxide emission was reduced 73 percent on a test vehicle to a level below the 1975 Federal Standards. Unburned hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides were respectively reduced 40.6 percent and 36 percent but not to the 1975 Federal Standards. --- **USP # 3,741,180 ~ Apparatus for vaporising a fuel air mixture** **Barlane, R.** ![](3741180.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A combustion engine is disclosed in which the entire fuel-air mixture is vaporized within the intake manifold by using the heat of the exhaust manifold to heat the intake manifold --- **USP # 3,640,256 ~ System for preconditioning a combustible vapor** **Mangion, Charles** ![](3640256.jpg) ***Abstract* ~** A system particularly adapted for use in preconditioning combustible vapors for delivery to internal combustion engines, characterized by a system housing including therein a full-flow bore communicating with a bypass conduit and having a vapor heater arranged therewithin, whereby a combustible vapor selectively is mixed and heated to a predetermined temperature as it is delivered in a continuous flow through the system. A particular feature of the invention resides in a provision of an improved control system having a reduced number of moving parts, and including a provision of fluidic bias ports, for imposing directional control on an established flow of vapor and directing predetermined portions of the flow across a heater, whereby the vapor selectively is preconditioned for enhancing subsequent combustion. --- **&c...** **USP # 3,496,919 ~ # 3,494,342 ~ # 3,444,848 ~ # 3,380,442 ~ # 3,273,550 ~ # 3,150,652 ~ # 3,139,874 ~ # 3,114,357 ~ # 3,091,229 ~ # 3,032,023 ~ # 3,019,781 ~ # 2,991,778 ~ # 2,989,956 ~ # 2,968,297 ~ # 2,896,658 ~ # 2,864,355 ~ # 2,833,262 ~ # 2,826,183 ~ # 2,808,041 ~ # 2,807,245 ~ # 2,796,855 ~ # 2,793,633 ~ # 2,767,699 ~ # 2,733,698 ~ # 2,720,197 ~ # 2,715,520 ~ # 2,710,605 ~ # 2,698,613 ~ # 2,673,446 ~ # 2,634,983 ~ # 2,627,257 ~ # 2,597,977 ~ # 2,582,916 ~ # 2,560,197 ~ # 2,473,808 ~ # 2,424,723 ~ # 2,325,850 ~ # 2,319,752 ~ # 2,296,790 ~ # 2,287,593 ~ # 2,273,957 ~ # 2,269,930 ~ # 2,269,706 ~ # 2,261,493 ~ # 2,257,047 ~ # 2,254,775 ~ # 2,254,634 ~ # 2,252,415 ~ # 2,251,999 ~ # 2,250,786 ~ # 2,234,901 ~ # 2,232,413 ~ # 2,216,801 ~ # 2,213,154 ~ # 2,192,067 ~ # 2,189,022 ~ # 2,185,573 ~ # 2,181,058 ~ # 2,155,162 ~ # 2,145,029 ~ # 2,140,254 ~ # 2,133,775 ~ # 2,125,216 ~ # 2,119,885 ~ # 2,119,179 ~ # 2,112,568 ~ # 2,110,806 ~ # 2,108,639 ~ # 2,104,013 ~ # 2,103,902 ~ # 2,100,466 ~ # 2,099,278 ~ # 2,092,246 ~ # 2,090,823 ~ # 2,082,666 ~ # 2,080,662 ~ # 2,080,420 ~ # 2,075,330 ~ # 2,068,952 ~ # 2,067,292 ~ # 2,066,922 ~ # 2,054,997 ~ # 2,049,596 ~ # 2,030,508 ~ # 2,026,798 ~ # 2,016,881 ~ # 2,016,695 ~ # 2,016,694 ~ # 2,004,093 ~ # 2,001,669 ~ # 2,001,466 ~ # 2,000,669 ~ # 1,999,237 ~ # 1,998,497 ~ # 1,997,497 ~ # 1,985,271 ~ # 1,980,496 ~ # 1,975,093 ~ # 1,974,722 ~ # 1,973,889 ~ # 1,961,249 ~ # 1,955,242 ~ # 1,954,586 ~ # 1,947,048 ~ # 1,944,396 ~ # 1,941,487 ~ # 1,931,781 ~ # 1,918,380 ~ # 1,916,952 ~ # 1,913,684 ~ # 1,913,497 ~ # 1,903,433 ~ # 1,897,540 ~ # 1,891,768 ~ # 1,889,648 ~ # 1,889,619 ~ # 1,881,671 ~ # 1,881,562 ~ # 1,881,434 ~ # 1,879,551 ~ # 1,874,327 ~ # 1,867,457 ~ # 1,865,515 ~ # 1,864,608 ~ # 1,862,723 ~ # 1,855,129 ~ # 1,849,135 ~ # 1,846,008 ~ # 1,844,298 ~ # 1,844,041 ~ # 1,841,740 ~ # 1,834,202 ~ # 1,833,552 ~ # 1,833,183 ~ # 1,829,400 ~ # 1,828,899 ~ # 1,825,225 ~ # 1,824,926 ~ # 1,822,147 ~ # 1,821,047 ~ # 1,819,284 ~ # 1,815,432 ~ # 1,815,178 ~ # 1,813,406 ~ # 1,812,950 ~ # 1,812,939 ~ # 1,811,540 ~ # 1,806,581 ~ # 1,806,045 ~ # 1,803,461 ~ # 1,800,426 ~ # 1,795,037 ~ # 1,795,036 ~ # 1,792,828 ~ # 1,792,367 ~ # 1,790,812 ~ # 1,788,929 ~ # 1,783,781 ~ # 1,778,190 ~ # 1,777,554 ~ # 1,770,689 ~ # 1,766,794 ~ # 1,766,781 ~ # 1,766,709 ~ # 1,763,948 ~ # 1,761,960 ~ # 1,753,788 ~ # 1,751,511 ~ # 1,750,354 ~ # 1,749,035 ~ # 1,749,029 ~ # 1,747,361 ~ # 1,736,003 ~ # 1,728,421 ~ # 1,727,605 ~ # 1,722,846 ~ # 1,714,210 ~ # 1,713,701 ~ # 1,712,465 ~ # 1,709,968 ~ # 1,706,492 ~ # 1,696,881 ~ # 1,696,761 ~ # 1,689,942 ~ # 1,686,609 ~ # 1,685,564 ~ # 1,680,373 ~ # 1,678,045 ~ # 1,676,955 ~ # 1,675,870 ~ # 1,670,550 ~ # 1,667,886 ~ # 1,660,609 ~ # 1,651,393 ~ # 1,646,779 ~ # 1,641,619 ~ # 1,637,768 ~ # 1,635,266 ~ # 1,634,968 ~ # 1,633,909 ~ # 1,627,671 ~ # 1,626,783 ~ # 1,626,727 ~ # 1,626,561 ~ # 1,625,135 ~ # 1,625,134 ~ # 1,624,249 ~ # 1,611,299 ~ # 1,610,541 ~ # 1,610,000 ~ # 1,598,289 ~ # 1,591,071 ~ # 1,583,584 ~ # 1,576,301 ~ # 1,575,859 ~ # 1,572,747 ~ # 1,562,670 ~ # 1,557,657 ~ # 1,555,807 ~ # 1,547,474 ~ # 1,541,431 ~ # 1,540,144 ~ # 1,539,963 ~ # 1,539,126 ~ # 1,534,290 ~ # 1,533,855 ~ # 1,533,432 ~ # 1,533,196 ~ # 1,525,956 ~ # 1,524,680 ~ # 1,519,516 ~ # 1,514,189 ~ # 1,511,820 ~ # 1,507,315 ~ # 1,503,900 ~ # 1,503,821 ~ # 1,503,805 ~ # 1,496,102 ~ # 1,487,234 ~ # 1,486,058 ~ # 1,477,724 ~ # 1,476,316 ~ # 1,476,281 ~ # 1,474,359 ~ # 1,473,999 ~ # 1,472,899 ~ # 1,472,326 ~ # 1,472,264 ~ # 1,471,600 ~ # 1,470,659 ~ # 1,467,759 ~ # 1,467,225 ~ # 1,466,647 ~ # 1,464,759 ~ # 1,464,466 ~ # 1,456,572 ~ # 1,453,007 ~ # 1,449,333 ~ # 1,448,781 ~ # 1,448,641 ~ # 1,447,975 ~ # 1,447,089 ~ # 1,445,194 ~ # 1,444,852 ~ # 1,439,146 ~ # 1,438,877 ~ # 1,434,353 ~ # 1,431,327 ~ # 1,431,326 ~ # 1,431,281 ~ # 1,420,684 ~ # 1,420,616 ~ # 1,416,977 ~ # 1,416,352 ~ # 1,415,086 ~ # 1,409,093 ~ # 1,406,598 ~ # 1,404,215 ~ # 1,403,350 ~ # 1,400,955 ~ # 1,400,485 ~ # 1,392,168 ~ # 1,386,376 ~ # 1,386,297 ~ # 1,384,281 ~ # 1,379,437 ~ # 1,377,990 ~ # 1,377,369 ~ # 1,374,927 ~ # 1,374,280 ~ # 1,372,194 ~ # 1,366,831 ~ # 1,366,018 ~ # 1,365,564 ~ # 1,361,503 ~ # 1,360,098 ~ # 1,359,168 ~ # 1,358,686 ~ # 1,355,076 ~ # 1,354,484 ~ # 1,348,066 ~ # 1,345,927 ~ # 1,345,378 ~ # 1,342,950 ~ # 1,342,869 ~ # 1,341,141 ~ # 1,339,870 ~ # 1,335,990 ~ # 1,335,665 ~ # 1,325,998 ~ # 1,317,709 ~ # 1,316,346 ~ # 1,314,872 ~ # 1,313,639 ~ # 1,311,417 ~ # 1,306,496 ~ # 1,304,987 ~ # 1,304,205 ~ # 1,303,559 ~ # 1,299,648 ~ # 1,289,605 ~ # 1,285,652 ~ # 1,284,643 ~ # 1,283,125 ~ # 1,283,068 ~ # 1,278,558 ~ # 1,274,707 ~ # 1,269,252 ~ # 1,267,924 ~ # 1,267,139 ~ # 1,265,735 ~ # 1,263,259 ~ # 1,260,388 ~ # 1,256,738 ~ # 1,256,186 ~ # 1,253,682 ~ # 1,253,681 ~ # 1,253,642 ~ # 1,252,796 ~ # 1,248,417 ~ # 1,247,983 ~ # 1,245,519 ~ # 1,244,151 ~ # 1,242,975 ~ # 1,238,404 ~ # 1,237,536 ~ # 1,233,744 ~ # 1,233,287 ~ # 1,230,116 ~ # 1,230,092 ~ # 1,228,415 ~ # 1,227,649 ~ # 1,227,551 ~ # 1,222,860 ~ # 1,222,548 ~ # 1,220,281 ~ # 1,218,867 ~ # 1,217,781 ~ # 1,217,448 ~ # 1,213,817 ~ # 1,213,736 ~ # 1,211,775 ~ # 1,207,664 ~ # 1,205,540 ~ # 1,201,977 ~ # 1,201,871 ~ # 1,201,731 ~ # 1,199,573 ~ # 1,198,013 ~ # 1,195,764 ~ # 1,193,004 ~ # 1,190,252 ~ # 1,190,129 ~ # 1,178,972 ~ # 1,178,960 ~ # 1,178,276 ~ # 1,176,816 ~ # 1,171,435 ~ # 1,170,337 ~ # 1,165,656 ~ # 1,160,438 ~ # 1,158,494 ~ # 1,155,599 ~ # 1,154,617 ~ # 1,145,995 ~ # 1,143,902 ~ # 1,143,092 ~ # 1,140,064 ~ # 1,137,057 ~ # 1,136,675 ~ # 1,135,113 ~ # 1,132,420 ~ # 1,129,794 ~ # 1,128,133 ~ # 1,121,868 ~ # 1,114,200 ~ # 1,111,140 ~ # 1,108,916 ~ # 1,106,881 ~ # 1,105,592 ~ # 1,102,478 ~ # 1,099,842 ~ # 1,099,271 ~ # 1,098,915 ~ # 1,080,139 ~ # 1,079,338 ~ # 1,078,919 ~ # 1,072,875 ~ # 1,061,626 ~ # 1,056,760 ~ # 1,049,417 ~ # 1,042,004 ~ # 1,038,300 ~ # 1,032,937 ~ # 1,021,326 ~ # 1,016,741 ~ # 1,013,759 ~ # 1,006,088 ~ # 994,658 ~ # 983,307 ~ # 976,237 ~ # 970,429 ~ # 946,780 ~ # 906,671 ~ # 906,111 ~ # 896,183 ~ # 869,675 ~ # 868,834 ~ # 862,377 ~ # 800,777 ~ # 796,684 ~ # 765,814 ~ # 762,271 ~ # 749,864 ~ # 662,169 ~ # 657,738 ~ # 620,586 ~ # 609,831 ~ # 600,107 ~ # 571,495 ~ # 541,773 ~ # 535,914 ~ # 433,806 ~ # 385,121 ~ # 287,578 ~ # 276,075 ~** **&c...** **[Charles N. POGUE: Vaporizer Carburetors](../pogue/1pogue.htm)** **[Tom OGLE: USP # 4,177,779 ~ Fuel Economy System for an Internal Combustion Engine](../ogle/1ogle.htm)** ---