Turmeric & Curcumin vs medical conditions -- articles & patents **![](0logo.gif)** **[rexresearch.com](../index.htm)** --- **Turmeric & Curcumin** --- **[Turmeric ( Wikipedia )](#turmwiki)** **[Curcumin ( Wikipedia )](#curcwiki)** **[Univ. Maryland : Curcumin](#umd)** **[Cancer Letters : Curcumin vs Cancer](#canltr)** **[GreenMed Database](#grnmeddbase)** **[Curcumin Extraction Patents](#patents)** --- **Wikipedia.org** **Turmeric Curcuma ![](Curcuma.jpg)![](turmeric.jpg)Turmeric** Indian Turmeric Curcuma longa Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Angiosperms (unranked): Monocots (unranked): Commelinids Order: Zingiberales Family: Zingiberaceae Genus: Curcuma Species: C. longa Binomial name : Curcuma longa L.[1] Synonyms : Curcurma domestica Valeton Turmeric (Curcuma longa) /'t?rm?r?k/ is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae.[2] It is native to tropical Tamilnadu, in southeast India, and needs temperatures between 20 A degC and 30 A degC (68 A degF and 86 A degF) and a considerable amount of annual rainfall to thrive.[3] Plants are gathered annually for their rhizomes, and propagated from some of those rhizomes in the following season. When not used fresh, the rhizomes are boiled for about 30a45 minutes and then dried in hot ovens,[4] after which they are ground into a deep orange-yellow powder commonly used as a spice in Tamil cuisine and even curries, for dyeing, and to impart color to mustard condiments. Its active ingredient is curcumin and it has a distinctly earthy, slightly bitter, slightly hot peppery flavor and a mustardy smell. Curcumin has been a centre of attraction for potential treatment of an array of diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, allergies, arthritis and other chronic illnesses.[5] **Botanical view of Curcuma longa.** Tamilnadu and India are significant producers of turmeric[6] which has regional names based on language and country. The name appears to derive from the Latin, terra merita (merited earth) or turmeryte .[7] The name of the genus, Curcuma is from an Arabic name of both saffron and turmeric (see Crocus) As turmeric is a natural botanical compound, it is not patentable.[8][9][clarification needed] **History** Turmeric has been used in Tamilnadu for thousands of years and is a major part of Siddha medicine.[10] It was first used as a dye and then later for its medicinal properties.[11] **Botanical description** **Appearance** Turmeric is a perennial herbaceous plant, which reaches a stature of up to 1 meter. There are highly branched, yellow to orange, cylindrical, aromatic rhizomes . The leaves are alternate and arranged in two rows . They are divided into leaf sheath, petiole and leaf blade.[12] From the leaf sheaths, a false stem is formed. The petiole is 50 to 115 cm long. The simple leaf blades are usually of a length of 76 to 115 cm and rarely up to 230 cm. They have a width of 38 to 45 cm and are oblong to elliptic narrowing at the tip . **Inflorescence, flower and fruit** In China, the flowering time is usually in August. Terminally on the false stem there is a 12 to 20 cm long inflorescence stem containing many flowers. The bracts are light green and ovate with a length of 3 to 5 centimeters to oblong with a blunt upper end. At the top of the inflorescence stem bracts are present on which there are no flowers, these are, white to green and sometimes tinged reddish-purple and its upper end is tapered.[13] The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and threefold. The three 0.8 to 1.2 centimeters long, sepals are fused, white, have fluffy hairs and the three calyx teeth are unequal. The three bright yellow petals are fused into a corolla tube up to 3 centimeters long. The three corolla lobes have a length of 1 to 1.5 cm, triangular with soft-spiny upper end. While the average corolla lobe is larger than the two lateral. Only the median stamen of the inner circle is fertile. The dust bag is spurred at its base. All other stamens are converted to staminodes. The outer staminodes are shorter than the labellum. The labellum is yellowish, with a yellow ribbon in its center and it is obovate, with a length from 1.2 to 2 cm. Three carpels are under a constant, trilobed ovary adherent, which is sparsely hairy. The fruit capsule opens with three compartments. **Biochemical composition** Curcumin keto form Curcumin enol form The most important chemical components of turmeric are a group of compounds called curcuminoids, which include curcumin (diferuloylmethane), demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. The best studied compound is curcumin, which constitutes 3.14% (on average) of powdered turmeric.[14] In addition there are other important volatile oils such as turmerone, atlantone, and zingiberene. Some general constituents are sugars, proteins, and resins.[5] **Uses** **Culinary** Turmeric powder is used extensively in South Asian cuisine. Turmeric grows wild in the forests of South and Southeast Asia. It is one of the key ingredients in many Asian dishes. Tamil traditional medicine, called Siddha, has recommended turmeric in food for its potential medicinal value, which is a topic of active research. Its use as a coloring agent is not of primary value in South Asian cuisine. Turmeric is mostly used in savory dishes, but is used in some sweet dishes, such as the cake Sfouf. In India, turmeric plant leaf is used to prepare special sweet dishes, patoleo, by layering rice flour and coconut-jaggery mixture on the leaf, and then closing and steaming it in a special copper steamer (goa). In recipes outside South Asia, turmeric is sometimes used as an agent to impart a rich, custard-like yellow color. It is used in canned beverages and baked products, dairy products, ice cream, yogurt, yellow cakes, orange juice, biscuits, popcorn color, sweets, cake icings, cereals, sauces, gelatins, etc. It is a significant ingredient in most commercial curry powders. Most turmeric that is used is in the form of rhizome powder, in some regions (especially in Maharashtra, Goa, Konkan and Kanara), turmeric leaves are used to wrap and cook food. This use of turmeric leaves usually takes place in areas where turmeric is grown locally, since the leaves used are freshly picked. Turmeric leaves impart a distinctive flavor. Although typically used in its dried, powdered form, turmeric is also used fresh, like ginger. It has numerous uses in Far Eastern recipes, such as pickle made from fresh turmeric that contains large chunks of soft turmeric. Turmeric is widely used as a spice in South Asian and Middle Eastern cooking. Many Persian dishes use turmeric as a starter ingredient. Almost all Iranian fried dishes consist of oil, onions, and turmeric followed by any other ingredients that are to be included. In Nepal, turmeric is widely grown and extensively used in many vegetable and meat dishes for its color as well as for its potential value in traditional medicine. In South Africa, turmeric is used to give boiled white rice a golden color. In Vietnam, turmeric powder is used to color, and enhance the flavors of, certain dishes, such as bA!nh xA"o, bA!nh kh?t and mi quang. The powder is also used in many other Vietnamese stir fried and soup dishes. In Indonesia, the turmeric leaves are used for Minangese or Padangese curry base of Sumatra, such as rendang, sate padang and many other varieties. In medieval Europe, turmeric became known as Indian saffron because it was widely used as an alternative to the far more expensive saffron spice.[15] **Folk medicine and traditional uses** In Tamilnadu, turmeric has been used traditionally for thousands of years as a remedy for stomach and liver ailments, as well as topically to heal sores, basically for its supposed antimicrobial property.[16] In the Siddha system (since c. 1900 BCE) turmeric was a medicine for a range of diseases and conditions, including those of the skin, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal systems, aches, pains, wounds, sprains, and liver disorders. A fresh juice is commonly used in many skin conditions, including eczema, chicken pox, shingles, allergy, and scabies.[17] Manjal Pal (turmeric milk) is warm milk mixed with some turmeric powder. It is commonly used in Tamilnadu as a home remedy when someone is suffering from fever. Turmeric paste is often used in Tamilnadu as an antiseptic in open wounds, while chun-holud (turmeric with slaked lime) is used to stop bleeding as home remedies. It is also used as a detanning agent in Tamilnadu.[18] The active compound curcumin is believed to have a wide range of biological effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumour, antibacterial, and antiviral activities, which indicate potential in clinical medicine.[19] In Chinese medicine, it is used for treatment of various infections and as an antiseptic.[20] **Preliminary medical research** **Turmeric rhizome.** See also: Curcumin According to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, "there is little reliable evidence to support the use of turmeric for any health condition because few clinical trials have been conducted."[11] Although trials are ongoing for the use of turmeric to treat cancer, doses needed for any effect are difficult to establish in humans. It is not known what, if any, positive effect turmeric has against cancer or any disease.[21] As of December 2013, turmeric is being evaluated for its potential efficacy against several human diseases in clinical trials, including kidney and cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, several types of cancer and irritable bowel disease.[22] Specifically, turmeric is also being investigated in relation to Alzheimer's disease,[23] diabetes,[24] and other clinical disorders.[25][26] However, according to various basic research studies,[27][28][29][30] administration of curcumin or turmeric can suppress several stages of cancer development in multiple tumor models.[28] One study of curcumin on human cancer cells in vitro used hybrid molecules with the anti-nausea drug thalidomide to induce apoptosis in myeloma cancer cells.[31] Some research shows compounds in turmeric to have anti-fungal and antibacterial properties; however, curcumin is not one of them.[32] Curcumin, the active component of turmeric, has also been shown to be a vitamin D receptor ligand "with implications for colon cancer chemoprevention."[33] **Dye** Turmeric makes a poor fabric dye, as it is not very light fast. However, turmeric is commonly used in Indian and Bangladeshi clothing, such as saris and Buddhist monks' robes.[34] Turmeric (coded as E100 when used as a food additive)[35] is used to protect food products from sunlight. The oleoresin is used for oil-containing products. A curcumin and polysorbate solution or curcumin powder dissolved in alcohol is used for water-containing products. Over-coloring, such as in pickles, relishes, and mustard, is sometimes used to compensate for fading. In combination with annatto (E160b), turmeric has been used to color cheeses, yogurt, dry mixes, salad dressings, winter butter and margarine. Turmeric is also used to give a yellow color to some prepared mustards, canned chicken broths and other foods (often as a much cheaper replacement for saffron). **Ceremonial uses** Turmeric is considered highly auspicious and holy in Tamil nadu and has been used extensively in various Tamil ceremonies for millennia. Even today it is used in every part of Tamilnadu during wedding ceremonies and religious ceremonies. Turmeric has played an important role in both Hindu and Tamil spiritualism. The robes of the Tamil monks were traditionally colored with a yellow dye made of turmeric. Because of its yellow-orange coloring, turmeric was associated with the sun or the Thirumal in the mythology of ancient Tamil religion. Yellow is the color of the solar plexus chakra, which in traditional Tamil Siddha medicine is the energy center relating to the metabolic and digestive systems. Orange is the color of the sacral chakra, and tied to the reproductive system. The plant is used in poosai to represent a form of Kottravai who is said to reside on this plant as herself. The plant is used as a component of navapatrika along with plantain (Banana), Kachvi or Kacci or kochu or Taro, jayanti/ Barley, wood apple (Bilva), pomegranate (darimba), Asoka, manaka or Manakochu and rice paddy or Dhanya. It is used in poosai to make a form of Ganesha. Yaanaimugathaan, the remover of obstacles, is invoked at the beginning of almost any ceremony and a form of Yaanaimugathaan for this purpose is made by mixing turmeric with water and forming it into a cone-like shape. Gaye holud (literally "yellow on the body") is a ceremony observed mostly in the region of Bengal (comprising Bangladesh and Indian West Bengal). The gaye holud takes place one or two days before the religious and legal Bengali wedding ceremonies. The turmeric paste is applied by friends to the bodies of the couple. This is said to soften the skin, but also colors them with the distinctive yellow hue that gives its name to this ceremony. It may be a joint event for the bride and groom's families, or it may consist of separate events for the bride's family and the groom's family. During the Tamil festival Pongal, a whole turmeric plant with fresh rhizomes is offered as a thanksgiving offering to Suryan, the Sun god. Also, the fresh plant sometimes is tied around the sacred Pongal pot in which an offering of pongal is prepared. In Tamil nadu, as a part of the Tamil marriage ritual, dried turmeric tuber tied with string is used temporarily or permanently as opposed to the Mangalasutra of Hindus in India . The Tamil Marriage act recognizes this custom. Thali necklace is the equivalent of marriage rings in western cultures. In western and coastal India, during weddings of the Marathi and Konkani people, Kannada Brahmins turmeric tubers are tied with strings by the couple to their wrists during a ceremony called Kankanabandhana.[36] Modern Neopagans list it with the quality of fire, and it is used for power and purification rites.[citation needed] Friedrich Ratzel in The History of Mankind reported in 1896 that in Micronesia the preparation of turmeric powder for embellishment of body, clothing and utensils had a highly ceremonial character.[37] He quotes an example of the roots being ground by four to six women in special public buildings and then allowed to stand in water. The following morning, three young coconuts and three old soma nuts are offered by a priestess with prayer, after which the dye which has settled down in the water is collected, baked into cakes in coconut molds, wrapped in banana leaves, and hung up in the huts till required for use. **References** "Curcuma longa information from NPGS/GRIN". ars-grin.gov. Chan, E.W.C. et al.; Lim, Y.Y.; Wong, S.K.; Lim, K.K.; Tan, S.P.; Lianto, F.S.; Yong, M.Y. (2009). "Effects of different drying methods on the antioxidant properties of leaves and tea of ginger species". Food Chemistry 113 (1): 166a172. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.07.090. Materia Indica, 1826, Whitelaw Ainslie, M.D. M.R.A.S., via Google Books Indian Spices. "Turmeric processing". kaubic.in. a b Nagpal M, Sood S (2013). "Role of curcumin in systemic and oral health: An overview". J Nat Sci Biol Med 4 (1): 3a7. doi:10.4103/0976-9668.107253. PMC 3633300. PMID 23633828. Tahira JJ et al (2010). "Weed flora of Curcuma longa". Pakistan J Weed Sci Res 16 (2): 241a6. Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Dictionary, A(c) Random House, Inc. 2013. "Turmeric". Dictionary.com. 2012. "Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) and Farmers' Rights". Royal Botanical Gardens, UK. "Turmeric a History". Plant Cultures. Royal Botanical Gardens. Chattopadhyay, Ishita; Kaushik Biswas, Uday Bandyopadhyay, and Ranajit K. Banerjee (10 July 2004). "Turmeric and curcumin: Biological actions and medicinal applications". Current Science (Indian Academy of Sciences) 87 (1): 44a53. ISSN 0011-3891. a b "Herbs at a Glance: Turmeric, Science & Safety". National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), National Institutes of Health. 2012. Curcuma longa A Modern Herbal, M Grieve. Curcuma longa Linn. Description from Flora of China , South China Botanical Garden. Tayyem RF, Heath DD, Al-Delaimy WK, Rock CL (2006). "Curcumin content of turmeric and curry powders". Nutr Cancer 55 (2): 126a131. doi:10.1207/s15327914nc5502\_2. PMID 17044766. Is it Turmeric or Saffron? Chaturvedi TP (2009). "Uses of turmeric in dentistry: an update". Indian J Dent Res 20 (1): 107a109. PMID 19336870. Khalsa SVK. "Turmeric, The Golden Healer". healthy.net. Prerna Singh (pp-19,2012). The Everything Indian Slow Cooker Cookbook. Google books. Aggarwal BB, Sundaram C, Malani N, Ichikawa H (2007). "Curcumin: the Indian solid gold". Adv Exp Med Biol 595 (1): 1a75. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5\_1. PMID 17569205. Evans A (27 January 2012). "The amazing health benefits of turmeric". mother nature network. MNN Holdings, LLC. "Turmeric". American Cancer Society. 7 December 2012. "Clinical trials on turmeric". National Institutes of Health, Clinical Trials Registry. December 2013. Mishra S, Palanivelu K (JanaMarch, 2008). "The effect of curcumin (turmeric) on Alzheimer's disease: An overview". Ann Indian Acad Neurol 11 (1): 13a9. doi:10.4103/0972-2327.40220. PMC 2781139. PMID 19966973. Boaz M, Leibovitz E, Bar Dayan Y, Wainstein J (2011). "Functional foods in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: olive leaf extract, turmeric and fenugreek, a qualitative review". Func Foods Health Dis 1 (11): 472a81. Henrotin Y, Clutterbuck AL, Allaway D, et al. (February 2010). "Biological actions of curcumin on articular chondrocytes". Osteoarthr. Cartil. 18 (2): 141a9. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2009.10.002. PMID 19836480. Gregory PJ, Sperry M, Wilson AF (January 2008). "Dietary supplements for osteoarthritis". Am Fam Physician 77 (2): 177a84. PMID 18246887. "Health effects of Turmeric". Health effects of Herbs. University of Maryland Medical Center. a b Singletary, K (2010). Potential Health Benefits of Turmeric. MSI. Maitra, Anirban; Saraswati kumar (16 July 2013). "A Simple Spice That May Battle Cancer". John Hopkins Medicine. Summer 2013 (21). Hylind, Linda. "Johns Hopkins Gazette reports on their study on turmeric". Chemicals in Curry and Onions May Help Stop Colon Cancer. American Cancer Society and National Institutes of Health. Liu, Kai; Zhang, Datong; Chojnacki, Jeremy; Du, Yuhong; Fu, Haian; Grant, Steven; Zhang, Shijun (2013). "Design and biological characterization of hybrid compounds of curcumin and thalidomide for multiple myeloma". Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 11 (29): 4757. doi:10.1039/C3OB40595H. PMID 23784627. Ragasa C, Laguardia M, Rideout J (2005). "Antimicrobial sesquiterpenoids and diarylheptanoid from Curcuma domestica". ACGC Chem Res Comm 18 (1): 21a24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20153625 Brennan, James (15 Oct 2008). "Turmeric". Lifestyle. The National. UK food guide Singh KS, Bhanu BV (2004). People of India: Maharashtra, Volume 1. Popular Prakashan. pp. 2130 pages(see page:487). ISBN 9788179911006. Ratzel, Friedrich. The History of Mankind. (London: MacMillan, 1896). URL: www.inquirewithin.biz/history/american\_pacific/oceania/oceania-utensils.htm acces --- **Wikipedia.org** **Curcumin** ![](Curcumin.png) Enol form ![](CurcuminKeto.png) Keto form Skeletal formula Enol form Skeletal formula Keto form Ball-and-stick model Ball-and-stick model IUPAC name[hide] (1E,6E)-1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione Other names[hide] Diferuloylmethane; curcumin I; C.I. 75300; Natural Yellow 3 Identifiers CAS number 458-37-7 Yes PubChem 969516 ChemSpider 839564 Yes UNII IT942ZTH98 Yes ChEBI CHEBI:3962 Yes ChEMBL CHEMBL116438 Molecular formula C21H20O6 Molar mass 368.38 g mol-1 Appearance Bright yellow-orange powder Melting point 183 A degC; 361 A degF; 456 K Curcumin (pronounced "Kur kyoo min")[1] is a diarylheptanoid. It is the principal curcuminoid of the popular South Asian spice turmeric, which is a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). Turmeric's other two curcuminoids are desmethoxycurcumin and bis-desmethoxycurcumin. The curcuminoids are natural phenols that are responsible for the yellow color of turmeric. Curcumin can exist in several tautomeric forms, including a 1,3-diketo form and two equivalent enol forms. The enol form is more energetically stable in the solid phase and in solution.[2] Curcumin can be used for boron quantification in the curcumin method. It reacts with boric acid to form a red-colored compound, rosocyanine. Curcumin is brightly yellow colored and may be used as a food coloring. As a food additive, its E number is E100.[3] **Chemistry** Curcumin incorporates several functional groups. The aromatic ring systems, which are phenols, are connected by two a,A-unsaturated carbonyl groups. The diketones form stable enols and are readily deprotonated to form enolates; the a,A-unsaturated carbonyl group is a good Michael acceptor and undergoes nucleophilic addition. The structure was first identified in 1910 by J. Milobedzka, Stanislaw Kostanecki and Wiktor Lampe.[4] Curcumin is used as an indicator for boron.[5] **Biosynthesis** The biosynthetic route of curcumin has proven to be very difficult for researchers to determine. In 1973 Roughly and Whiting proposed two mechanisms for curcumin biosynthesis. The first mechanism involved a chain extension reaction by cinnamic acid and 5 malonyl-CoA molecules that eventually arylized into a curcuminoid. The second mechanism involved two cinnamate units being coupled together by malonyl-CoA. Both mechanisms use cinnamic acid as their starting point, which is derived from the amino acid phenylalanine. This is noteworthy because plant biosyntheses employing cinnamic acid as a starting point are rare compared to the more common use of p-coumaric acid.[6] Only a few identified compounds, such as anigorufone and pinosylvin, use cinnamic acid as their start molecule.[7][8] An experimentally backed route was not presented until 2008. This proposed biosynthetic route follows both the first and second mechanisms suggested by Roughley and Whiting. However, the labeling data supported the first mechanism model in which 5 malonyl-CoA molecules react with cinnamic acid to form curcumin. However, the sequencing in which the functional groups, the alcohol and the methoxy, introduce themselves onto the curcuminoid seems to support more strongly the second proposed mechanism.[6] Therefore, it was concluded the second pathway proposed by Roughly and Whiting was correct. Biosynthetic pathway of curcumin in Curcuma longa.[6] **Preliminary research for potential health effects** Research has identified curcumin as the agent responsible for most of the biological activity of turmeric.[9] Laboratory research shows that curcumin is a pleiotropic molecule possibly capable of interacting with molecular targets involved in inflammation.[10] In vitro, curcumin modulates the inflammatory response by down-regulating the activity of cyclooxygenase-2, lipoxygenase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase enzymes; and inhibits several other enzymes involved in inflammation mechanisms.[11][12] A systematic review of the use of curcumin based supplements for treating diabetic wounds found no significant positive outcome for human use.[13] The effectiveness of curcumin has neither been confirmed in sufficient preliminary research, nor conclusively demonstrated in randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials.[14] A survey of the literature shows a number of other potential uses and that daily doses over a 3-month period of up to 12 grams proved safe.[15] Clinical trials in humans are studying the effect of curcumin on various diseases, including multiple myeloma, pancreatic cancer, myelodysplastic syndromes, colon cancer, psoriasis, arthritis and Alzheimer's disease.[16][17][18][19] A number of trials studying curcumin efficacy and safety revealed poor absorption and low bioavailability. Methods to possibly increase absorption and systemic bioavailability are under study, including combined administration with piperine and quercetin.[20] Curcumin has also been shown to be a vitamin D receptor ligand "with implications for colon cancer chemoprevention." [21] **Bioavailability** In Phase I clinical trials, dietary curcumin was shown to exhibit poor bioavailability (i.e., low levels in plasma and tissues).[22] Potential factors that limit the bioavailability of curcumin include poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and rapid systemic elimination. Numerous approaches to increasing curcumin bioavailability have been explored, including the use of adjuvants like piperine.[22] The bioavailability of curcumin ingested in foods may be increased as a result of cooking or dissolution in oil.[23] **Resistance** Overexpression of the ATP-binding cassette gene ABCA1 has been reported to confer resistance to curcumin in terms of NFkappaB activation that can be reversed by ABCA1 silencing.[24] **Potential risks and side effects** Kawanishi et al. remarked that curcumin, like many antioxidants, can be a "double-edged sword" where, in the test tube, carcinogenic and pro-oxidant effects may be seen in addition to anticancer and antioxidant effects.[25] Carcinogenic effects are inferred from interference with the p53 tumor suppressor pathway, an important factor in human colon cancer.[26] In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that curcumin can have carcinogenic effects.[27][28][29] Clinical studies in humans with high doses (2a12 grams) of curcumin have shown few side effects, with some subjects reporting mild nausea or diarrhea.[30] More recently, curcumin was found to alter iron metabolism by chelating iron and suppressing the protein hepcidin, potentially causing iron deficiency in susceptible patients.[31] Further studies seem to be necessary to establish the benefit/risk profile of curcumin.[27] There is no or little evidence to suggest curcumin is either safe or unsafe for pregnant women. However, there is still some concern medicinal use of products containing curcumin could stimulate the uterus, which may lead to a miscarriage, although there is not much evidence to support this claim. According to experiments done on rats and guinea pigs, there is no obvious effect (neither positive, nor negative) on the pregnancy rate or number of live or dead embryos.[32] Curcumin has embryotoxic and teratogenic effects on zebrafishes (Danio rerio) embryos.[33] **References** **Notes** Dorland (2011-06-09). Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 32nd Edition. ISBN 1455709859. Retrieved May 19, 2013. Published 2011. Kolev, Tsonko M.; Velcheva, Evelina A.; Stamboliyska, Bistra A.; Spiteller, Michael (2005). "DFT and experimental studies of the structure and vibrational spectra of curcumin". International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 102 (6): 1069a79. doi:10.1002/qua.20469. Food Standards Australia New Zealand. "Food Additives- Numerical List". Retrieved 2009-12-02. Milob?dzka, J.; v. Kostanecki, St.; Lampe, V. (1910). "Zur Kenntnis des Curcumins". Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 43 (2): 2163a70. doi:10.1002/cber.191004302168. "EPA Method 212.3: Boron (Colorimetric, Curcumin)". a b c Kita, Tomoko; Imai, Shinsuke; Sawada, Hiroshi; Kumagai, Hidehiko; Seto, Haruo (2008). "The Biosynthetic Pathway of Curcuminoid in Turmeric (Curcuma longa) as Revealed by 13C-Labeled Precursors". Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 72 (7): 1789. doi:10.1271/bbb.80075. Schmitt, Bettina; HAPlscher, Dirk; Schneider, Bernd (2000). "Variability of phenylpropanoid precursors in the biosynthesis of phenylphenalenones in Anigozanthos preissii". Phytochemistry 53 (3): 331a7. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00544-0. PMID 10703053. Gehlert, R.; Schoeppner, A.; Kindl, H. (1990). "Stilbene Synthase from Seedlings of Pinus sylvestris: Purification and Induction in Response to Fungal Infection" (pdf). Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 3 (6): 444a449. doi:10.1094/MPMI-3-444. Aggarwal, Bharat B.; Sundaram, Chitra; Malani, Nikita; Ichikawa, Haruyo (2007). "Curcumin: the Indian solid gold". Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Advan Exp Med Biol 595: 1a75. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5\_1. ISBN 978-0-387-46400-8. PMID 17569205. Gupta SC et al. (2011). "Multitargeting by curcumin as revealed by molecular interaction studies". Nat Prod Rep 28 (12): 1937a55. doi:10.1039/c1np00051a. PMC 3604998. PMID 21979811. Abe Y, Hashimoto S, Horie T (1999). "Curcumin inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production by human peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages". Pharmacol Res 39 (1): 41a7. doi:10.1006/phrs.1998.0404. PMID 10051376. Goel A, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB (2008). "Curcumin as "Curecumin": from kitchen to clinic". Biochem Pharmacol 75 (4): 787a809. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.08.016. PMID 17900536. Maier, HM; Ilich, JZ; Kim, JS; Spicer, MT (2013). "Nutrition supplementation for diabetic wound healing: A systematic review of current literature". Skinmed 11 (4): 217a24; quiz 224a5. PMID 24053007. Mancuso, C.; Barone, E. (2009). "Curcumin in clinical practice: myth or reality?". Trends in Pharmacological Science 30 (7): 333a334. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2009.04.004. PMID 19523696. Goel, Ajay; Kunnumakkara, Ajaikumar B.; Aggarwal, Bharat B. (2008). "Curcumin as "Curecumin": From kitchen to clinic". Biochemical Pharmacology 75 (4): 787a809. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.08.016. PMID 17900536. "Pilot phase I clinical trials have shown curcumin to be safe even when consumed at a daily dose of 12g for 3 months." Hatcher, H.; Planalp, R.; Cho, J.; Torti, F. M.; Torti, S. V. (2008). "Curcumin: From ancient medicine to current clinical trials". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 65 (11): 1631a52. doi:10.1007/s00018-008-7452-4. PMID 18324353. Yan, Jiao; Wilkinson, Di, Wang, Hatcher, Kock, D'Agostino, Jr, Knovich, Torti, Torti corresponding author (8 January 2009). "Red Cells, Iron, and Erythropoiesis Curcumin, a cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent, is a biologically active iron chelator". Blood. 113(2): (Prepublished online 2008 September 24.): 462a469. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-05-155952. PMC 2615657. PMID 18815282. "ClinicalTrials.gov: Current clinical trials on curcumin". US National Institutes of Health, Clinical Trial Registry. 2013. Zhao, LN.; Chiu, SW.; Benoit, J.; Chew, LY.; Mu, Y. (Jun 2012). "The effect of curcumin on the stability of AA dimers". J Phys Chem B 116 (25): 7428a35. doi:10.1021/jp3034209. PMID 22690789. Shehzad A et al. (2010). "Curcumin therapeutic promises and bioavailability in colorectal cancer". Drugs of Today 46 (7): 523a32. doi:10.1358/dot.2010.46.7.1509560. PMID 20683505. Bartik, L; Whitfield, GK; Kaczmarska, M; Lowmiller, CL; Moffet, EW; Furmick, JK; Hernandez, Z; Haussler, CA; Haussler, MR; Jurutka, PW (2010). "Curcumin: A novel nutritionally derived ligand of the vitamin D receptor with implications for colon cancer chemoprevention". The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 21 (12): 1153a61. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.09.012. PMC 2891903. PMID 20153625. a b Anand, P.; Kunnumakkara, A. B.; Newman, R. A.; Aggarwal, B. B. (2007). "Bioavailability of curcumin: problems and promises". Molecular Pharmaceutics 4 (6): 807a818. doi:10.1021/mp700113r. PMID 17999464. Marczylo, T. H.; Verschoyle, R. D.; Cooke, D. N.; Morazzoni, P.; Steward, W. P.; Gescher, A. J. (2007). "Comparison of systemic availability of curcumin with that of curcumin formulated with phosphatidylcholine". Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 60 (2): 171a177. doi:10.1007/s00280-006-0355-x. PMID 17051370. Bachmeier BE, Iancu CM, Killian PH, Kronski E, Mirisola V, Angelini G, et al. (2009). "Overexpression of the ATP binding cassette gene ABCA1 determines resistance to Curcumin in M14 melanoma cells". Mol Cancer 8: 129a141. doi:10.1186/1476-4598-8-129. PMC 2804606. PMID 20030852. Kawanishi, S.; Oikawa, S.; Murata, M. (2005). "Evaluation for safety of antioxidant chemopreventive agents". Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 7 (11a12): 1728a1739. doi:10.1089/ars.2005.7.1728. PMID 16356133. Moos, P. J.; Edes, K.; Mullally, J. E.; Fitzpatrick, F. A. (2004). "Curcumin impairs tumor suppressor p53 function in colon cancer cells". Carcinogenesis 25 (9): 1611a1617. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgh163. PMID 15090465. a b Burgos-Moron, E.; CalderA3n-MontaA+/-o, J. M.; Salvador, J.; Robles, A.; LA3pez-LA!zaro, M. (2010). "The dark side of curcumin" (pdf). International Journal of Cancer 126 (7): 1771a1775. doi:10.1002/ijc.24967. PMID 19830693. Dance-Barnes, S. T.; Kock, N. D.; Moore, J. E.; Lin, E. Y.; Mosley, L. J., et al. (2009). "Lung tumor promotion by curcumin". Carcinogenesis 30 (6): 1016a1023. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgp082. PMC 2691137. PMID 19359593. LA3pez-LA!zaro, M.; Kock, N. D.; Moore, J. E.; Lin, E. Y.; Mosley, L. J., et al. (2008). "Anticancer and carcinogenic properties of curcumin: considerations for its clinical development as a cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent". Molecular Nutrition and Food Research 52 (Supplement 1): S103aS127. doi:10.1002/mnfr.200700238. PMID 18496811. Hsu, C. H.; Cheng, A. L. (2007). "Clinical studies with curcumin". Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 595: 471a480. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5\_21. ISBN 978-0-387-46400-8. PMID 17569225. Jiao, Y.; Wilkinson, J.; Di, X.; Wang, W.; Hatcher, H., et al. (January 2009). "Curcumin, a cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent, is a biologically active iron chelator". Blood 113 (2): 462a469. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-05-155952. PMC 2615657. PMID 18815282. Vijayalaxmi (1980). "Genetic effects of turmeric and curcumin in mice and rats". Mutation Research 79 (2): 125a132. doi:10.1016/0165-1218(80)90080-4. PMID 7432370. Wu, J. Y.; Lin, C. Y.; Lin, T. W.; Ken, C. F.; Wen, Y. D. (2007). "Curcumin Affects Development of Zebrafish Embryo". Biol. Pharm. Bull 30 (7): 1336a1339. doi:10.1248/bpb.30.1336. PMID 17603177. See also: Esatbeyoglu, Tuba; Huebbe, Patricia; Ernst, Insa M. A.; Chin, Dawn, et al.; Wagner, Anika E.; Rimbach, Gerald (2012). "Curcumin-From Molecule to Biological Function". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 51 (22): 5308. doi:10.1002/anie.201107724. External links --- [**http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/herb/turmeric**](http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/herb/turmeric) **University of Maryland Medical Center** **Turmeric** **Overview** Turmeric (Curcuma longa) has been used for 4,000 years to treat a variety of conditions. Studies show that turmeric may help fight infections and some cancers, reduce inflammation, and treat digestive problems, and it has gotten a lot of press lately. But remember several facts when you hear news reports about turmeric. First, many studies have taken place in test tubes and animals, and turmeric may not work as well in humans. Second, some studies have used an injectable form of curcumin, the active substance in turmeric. Finally, some of the studies show conflicting evidence. Turmeric is widely used in cooking and gives Indian curry its flavor and yellow color. It is also used in mustard and to color butter and cheese. Turmeric has been used in both Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine as an anti-inflammatory, to treat digestive and liver problems, skin diseases, and wounds. Curcumin is also a powerful antioxidant. Antioxidants scavenge molecules in the body known as free radicals, which damage cell membranes, tamper with DNA, and even cause cell death. Antioxidants can fight free radicals and may reduce or even help prevent some of the damage they cause. In addition, curcumin lowers the levels of two enzymes in the body that cause inflammation. It also stops platelets from clumping together to form blood clots. Research suggests that turmeric may be helpful for the following conditions: Indigestion or Dyspepsia Curcumin stimulates the gallbladder to produce bile, which some people think may help improve digestion. The German Commission E, which determines which herbs can be safely prescribed in Germany, has approved turmeric for digestive problems. And one double-blind, placebo-controlled study found that turmeric reduced symptoms of bloating and gas in people suffering from indigestion. Ulcerative colitis Turmeric may help people with ulcerative colitis stay in remission. Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease of the digestive tract where symptoms tend to come and go. In one double-blind, placebo-controlled study, people whose ulcerative colitis was in remission took either curcumin or placebo, along with conventional medical treatment, for 6 months. Those who took curcumin had a relapse rate much lower than those who took placebo. Stomach Ulcers Turmeric does not seem to help treat stomach ulcers. In fact, there is some evidence that it may increase stomach acid, making existing ulcers worse. (See "Precautions" section.) Osteoarthritis Because of its ability to reduce inflammation, researchers have wondered if turmeric may help relieve osteoarthritis pain. One study found that people using an Ayurvedic formula of herbs and minerals with turmeric, winter cherry (Withinia somnifera), boswellia (Boswellia serrata), and zinc had less pain and disability. But itas impossible to know whether it was turmeric or one of the other supplements -- or all of them together -- that was responsible. Heart Disease Early studies suggested that turmeric may help prevent atherosclerosis, the buildup of plaque that can block arteries and lead to heart attack or stroke. In animal studies, an extract of turmeric lowered cholesterol levels and kept LDL "bad" cholesterol from building up in blood vessels. Because it stops platelets from clumping together, turmeric may also prevent blood clots from building up along the walls of arteries. But a double-blind, placebo-controlled study found that taking curcumin, the active ingredient in turrmeric, at a dose of up to 4 g per day did not improve cholesterol levels. Cancer There has been a great deal of research on turmeric's anti-cancer properties, but results are still very early. Evidence from test tube and animal studies suggests that curcumin may help prevent or treat several types of cancers, including prostate, breast, skin, and colon cancer. Its preventive effects may be because it is a strong antioxidant, protecting cells from damage. More research is needed. Cancer should be treated with conventional medications. Donat use alternative therapies alone to treat cancer. If you choose to use complementary therapies along with your cancer treatment, make sure you tell all your doctors. Bacterial and Viral Infections Test tube and animal studies suggest turmeric may kill bacteria and viruses. But researchers donat know whether it would work in people. Uveitis A preliminary study suggests curcumin may help treat uveitis, an inflammation of the eyeas iris. In one study of 32 people with chronic anterior uveitis, curcumin was effective as corticosteroids, the type of medication usually prescribed. More research is needed. Plant Description A relative of ginger, turmeric is a perennial plant that grows 5 - 6 feet high in the tropical regions of Southern Asia, with trumpet-shaped, dull yellow flowers. Its roots are bulbs that also produce rhizomes, which then produce stems and roots for new plants. Turmeric is fragrant and has a bitter, somewhat sharp taste. Although it grows in many tropical locations, the majority of turmeric is grown in India, where it is used as a main ingredient in curry. Parts Used The roots, or rhizomes and bulbs, are used in medicine and food. They are generally boiled and then dried, turning into the familiar yellow powder. Curcumin, the active ingredient, has antioxidant properties. Other substances in this herb have antioxidant properties as well. Available Forms Turmeric is available in the following forms: Capsules containing powder Fluid extract Tincture Because bromelain increases the absorption and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin, it is often combined with turmeric products. How to Take It Pediatric Turmeric supplements havenat been studied in children, so there is no recommended dose. Adult The following are doses recommended for adults: Cut root: 1.5 - 3 g per day Dried, powdered root: 1 - 3 g per day Standardized powder (curcumin): 400 - 600 mg, 3 times per day Fluid extract (1:1) 30 - 90 drops a day Tincture (1:2): 15 - 30 drops, 4 times per day **Precautions** The use of herbs is a time-honored approach to strengthening the body and treating disease. Herbs, however, can trigger side effects and may interact with other herbs, supplements, or medications. For these reasons, you should take herbs with care, under the supervision of a health care provider. Turmeric in food is considered safe. Turmeric and curcumin supplements are considered safe when taken at the recommended doses. However, taking large amounts of turmeric for long periods of time may cause stomach upset and, in extreme cases, ulcers. People who have gallstones or obstruction of the bile passages should talk to their doctor before taking turmeric. If you have diabetes, talk to your doctor before taking turmeric supplements. Turmeric may lower blood sugar levels, and when combined with medications for diabetes could cause hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Although it is safe to eat foods with turmeric, pregnant and breastfeeding women should not take turmeric supplements. Because turmeric may act like a blood-thinner, you should stop taking it at least 2 weeks before surgery. Tell your doctor and surgeon that you have been taking turmeric. **Possible Interactions** If you are being treated with any of the following medications, you should not use turmeric or curcumin in medicinal forms without first talking to your health care provider. Blood-thinning Medications -- Turmeric may make the effects of these drugs stronger, raising the risk of bleeding. Blood-thinners include warfarin (Coumadin), clopidogrel (Plavix), and aspirin, among others. Drugs that reduce stomach acid -- Turmeric may interfere with the action of these drugs, increasing the production of stomach acid: Cimetidine (Tagamet) Famotidine (Pepcid) Ranitidine (Zantac) Esomeprazole (Nexium) Omeprazole Lansoprazole (Prevacid) Diabetes Medications -- Turmeric may make the effects of these drugs stronger, increasing the risk of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). **Supporting Research** Aggarwal BB, Sundaram C, Malani N, Ichikawa H. Curcumin: the Indian solid gold. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007;595:1-75. Asai A, Miyazawa T. Dietary curcuminoids prevent high-fat diet-induced lipid accumulation in rat liver and epididymal adipose tissue. J Nutr. 2001;131(11):2932-2935. Baum L, et al. Curcumin effects on blood lipid profile in a 6-month human study. Pharmacol Res. 2007;56(6):509-14. Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckmann J. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Newton, MA: Integrative Medicine Communications; 2000:379-384. Curcuma longa (turmeric). Monograph. Altern Med Rev. 2001;6 Suppl:S62-S66. Darvesh AS, Aggarwal BB, Bishayee A. Curcumin and Liver Cancer: A Review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2011 Apr 5. [Epub ahead of print] Davis JM, Murphy EA, Carmichael MD, Zielinski MR, Groschwitz CM, Brown AS, Ghaffar A, Mayer EP. Curcumin effects on inflammation and performance recovery following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007 Mar 1 [Epub ahead of print] Dorai T, Cao YC, Dorai B, Buttyan R, Katz AE. Therapeutic potential of curcumin in human prostate cancer. III. Curcumin inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis, and inhibits angiogenesis of LNCaP prostate cancer cells in vivo. Prostate. 2001;47(4):293-303. Dorai T, Gehani N, Katz A. Therapeutic potential of curcumin in human prostate cancer. II. Curcumin inhibits tyrosine kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptor and depletes the protein. Mol Urol. 2000;4(1):1-6. Funk JL, Frye JB, Oyarzo JN, Kuscuoglu N, Wilson J, McCaffrey G, et al. Efficacy and mechanism of action of turmeric supplements in the treatment of experimental arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Nov;54(11):3452-64. Gautam SC, Gao X, Dulchavsky S. Immunodilation by curcumin. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007;595:321-41. Gescher A J, Sharma R A, Steward W P. Cancer chemoprevention by dietary constituents: a tale of failure and promise. Lancet Oncol. 2001;2(6):371-379. Goel A, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin as "Curecumin": from kitchen to clinic. Biochem Pharmacol. 2008;75(4):787-809. Hanai H, Iida T, Takeuchi K, Watanabe F, Maruyama Y, Andoh A, et al. Curcumin maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis: randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Dec;4(12):1502-6. Handler N, Jaeger W, Puschacher H, Leisser K, Erker T. Synthesis of novel curcumin analogues and their evaluation as selective cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitors. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2007 Jan;55(1):64-71. Heck AM, DeWitt BA, Lukes AL. Potential interactions between alternative therapies and warfarin. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2000;57(13):1221-1227. Jagetia GC, Aggarwal BB. "Spicing up" of the immune system by curcumin. J Clin Immunol. 2007;27(1):19-35. Johnson JJ, Mukhtar H. Curcumin for chemoprevention of colon cancer. Cancer Lett. 2007 Apr 18; [Epub ahead of print] Kim MS, Kang HJ, Moon A. Inhibition of invasion and induction of apoptosis by curcumin in H-ras-transformed MCF10A human breast epithelial cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2001;24(4):349-354. Krishnaswamy K. Traditional Indian spices and their health significance. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17 Suppl 1:265-8. Pari L, Tewas D, Eckel J. Role of curcumin in health and disease. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2008;114(2):127-49. Phan TT, See P, Lee ST, Chan SY. Protective effects of curcumin against oxidative damage on skin cells in vitro: its implication for wound healing. J Trauma 2001;51(5):927-931. Rakel D. Rakel: Integrative Medicine, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2008;80. Rao CV. Regulation of COX and LOX by curcumin. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007;595:213-26. Sharma RA, Ireson CR, Verschoyle RD. Effects of dietary curcumin on glutathione S-Transferase and Malondialdehyde-DNA adducts in rat liver and colon mucosa: relationship with drug levels. Clin Cancer Res. 2001;7:1452-1458. Sharma RA, Steward WP, Gescher AJ. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of curcumin. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007;595:453-70. Shehzad A, Khan S, Shehzad O, Lee YS. Curcumin therapeutic promises and bioavailability in colorectal cancer. Drugs Today (Barc). 2010 Jul;46(7):523-32. Review. Shishodia S, Singh T, Chaturvedi MM. Modulation of transcription factors by curcumin. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007;595:127-48. Su CC, Lin JG, Li TM, Chung JG, Yang JS, Ip SW, et al. Curcumin-induced apoptosis of human colon cancer colo 205 cells through the production of ROS, Ca2+ and the activation of caspase-3. Anticancer Res. 2006 Nov-Dec;26(6B):4379-89. Suryanarayana P, Satyanarayana A, Balakrishna N, Kumar PU, Reddy GB. Effect of turmeric and curcumin on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Med Sci Monit. 2007;13(12):BR286-92. White B, Judkins DZ. Clinical Inquiry. Does turmeric relieve inflammatory conditions? J Fam Pract. 2011 Mar;60(3):155-6. Review. Zafir A, Banu N. Antioxidant potential of fluoxetine in comparison to Curcuma longa in restraint-stressed rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007;572(1):23-31. --- **Cancer Lett. 2014 Jan 23** **Targeting Cancer Stem Cells by Curcumin and Clinical Applications.** **Yanyan Li, Tao Zhang** Abstract: Curcumin is a well-known dietary polyphenol derived from the rhizomes of turmeric, an Indian spice. The anticancer effect of curcumin has been demonstrated in many cell and animal studies, and recent research has shown that curcumin can target cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are proposed to be responsible for initiating and maintaining cancer, and contribute to recurrence and drug resistance. A number of studies have suggested that curcumin has the potential to target CSCs through regulation of CSC self-renewal pathways (Wnt/A-catenin, Notch, Sonic Hedgehog) and specific microRNAs involved in acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The potential impact of curcumin, alone or in combination with other anticancer agents, on CSCs was evaluated as well. Furthermore, the safety and tolerability of curcumin have been well-established by numerous clinical studies. Importantly, the low bioavailability of curcumin has been dramatically improved through the use of structural analogues or special formulations. More clinical trials are underway to investigate the efficacy of this promising agent in cancer chemoprevention and therapy. In this article, we review the effects of curcumin on CSC self-renewal pathways and specific microRNAs, as well as its safety and efficacy in recent human studies. In conclusion, curcumin could be a very promising adjunct to traditional cancer treatments. --- [**http://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/600-reasons-turmeric-may-be-worlds-most-important-herb**](http://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/600-reasons-turmeric-may-be-worlds-most-important-herb) [**http://www.greenmedinfo.com/substance/turmeric**](http://www.greenmedinfo.com/substance/turmeric) **Turmeric Database** **by** **Sayer Ji** **[ Condensed Version ]** A combination of artichoke leaf, dandelion root, turmeric root and rosemary essential oil has therapeutic actions in relieving symptoms in functional dyspepsia. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol. 2010 Jun;56(2):93-9. A combination of Saw Palmetto, Nettle, Curcumin and Quercetin significantly improves treatment outcome of prulifloxacin in bacterial prostatitis patients. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2009 Jun;33(6):549-53 A complex of curcumin and phosphatidylcholine is effective in reducing the symptoms of ostearthritis. Altern Med Rev. 2010 Dec;15(4):337-44 A daily dose of 3.6 g curcumin achieves pharmacologically efficacious levels in the colorectum with negligible distribution of curcumin outside the gut. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Jan;14(1):120-5 . A multi-herbal product called Protandim has significant antioxidant properties in human subjects. Arzneimittelforschung. 2006;56(6):387-93 A standardized preparation of curcuminoids compares favorably with atorvastatin on endothelial dysfunction in association with reductions in inflammatory cytokines and markers of oxidative stress. Drugs R D. 2008;9(4):243-50 An exclusion diet and nutraceutical therapy has significant therapeutic effects in juvenile Crohn's disease. J Am Coll Nutr. 2009 Jun;28(3):277-85 Bioavailability Study: Piperine enhances the serum concentration, extent of absorption and bioavailability of curcumin in both rats and humans with no adverse effects. Planta Med. 1998 May;64(4):353-6 Bioflavonoid therapy with curcumin and quercetin improves cadaveric renal transplantation in humans. Transplantation. 2005 Dec 15;80(11):1556-9 Chelidonium and turmeric root extract have a therapeutic effect on upper abdominal pain due to functional disorders of the biliary system. Med Klin (Munich). 1999 Aug 15;94(8):425-30 Curcuma longa (turmeric) and tinospora cordifolia (guduchi) prevents antibiotic-induced liver damage in patients with tubercolosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Aug 14;14(30):4753-62 Curcumin acts as an adjuvant to imatinib in decreasing the NO levels and may help in the treatment of CML patients. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2011 Aug 15 Curcumin alleviates ethanol-induced oxidative damage in liver cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Jan 18 Curcumin and Boswellia serrata are safe and tolerable and helped to improvethe levels of an inflammatory cytokine (IL-6). J Complement Integr Med. 2013 ;10(1):1-10 Curcumin and capsaicin might represent an alternative approach to protect against vitiligo progression. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2010 Jan 19 Curcumin appears safe and effective in maintaining remission in patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Dec;4(12):1502-6 Curcumin appears to enhance clearance of amyloid-beta in Alzheimer's disease patients. J Alzheimers Dis. 2006 Sep;10(1):1-7 Curcumin compares favorably with corticosteroid therapy in the management of chronic anterior uveitis. Phytother Res. 1999 Jun;13(4):318-22 Curcumin exhibits anti-pre-cancer activity by increasing levels of vitamins C and E, and preventing lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. J Oral Sci. 2010;52(2):251-6 Curcumin has a contractive effect on human gallbladder function. J Bras Pneumol. 2006 Jan-Feb;32(1):66-74 Curcumin has anti-inflammatory properties in patients with postoperative inflammation. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1986 Dec;24(12):651-4 Curcumin has gall-bladder emptying properties. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2002;11(4):314-8 Curcumin has potential in the treatment of plasma cell dyscrasias. Biologics. 2008 Mar;2(1):161-3 Curcumin has significant therapeutic activity in patients with pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Jul 15;14(14):4491-9 Curcumin has therapeutic effects in idiopathic inflammatory orbital pseudotumours. Phytother Res. 2000 Sep;14(6):443-7 Curcumin has therapeutic value in patients with monoclonal gammopathy, a possible precursor to multiple myeloma. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Sep 15;15(18):5917-22 Curcumin has therapeutic value in the treatment of recurrent anterior uveitis of different etiologies. Clin Ophthalmol. 2010;4:1201-6 Curcumin improves ulcerative proctitis and Crohn's disease in patient s with inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci. 2005 Nov;50(11):2191-3 Curcumin induces programmed cell death and inhibits proinflammatory prostaglandin E2 production in synovial fibroblasts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Mol Med. 2007 Sep;20(3):365-72 Curcumin induces programmed cell death in human malignant gliobastoma cells - Article 2. Neurosci Lett. 2006 Oct 16;407(1):53-8. Curcumin ingestion and exercise training improve vascular endothelial function in postmenopausal women. Nutr Res. 2012 Oct ;32(10):795-9. Epub 2012 Oct 15 Curcumin is an effective treatment for HIV-associated diarrhea. Dig Dis Sci. 2009 Oct;54(10):2188-91. Curcumin is comparable to chlorhexidine as an anti-inflammatory mouthwash. Thus, it can be considered as an effective adjunct to mechanical periodontal therapy. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2013 ;11(1):81-6. Curcumin is safe and efficacious in treating major depressive disorder. Phytother Res. 2013 Jul 6 Curcumin is safe in humans up to 8,000 mg/day when take by mouth for 3 months and has chemopreventive properties. Anticancer Res. 2001 Jul-Aug;21(4B):2895-900. Curcumin may enhance the therapeutic effect of gemcitabine in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer. Curr Med Chem. 2009 Nov 24. Curcumin may increase insulin production in healthy subjects. Nutr J. 2010;9:43 Curcumin might have the potential to slow the disease process in patients with Monoclonal gammopathy... Am J Hematol. 2012 May ;87(5):455-60. Curcumin phytosome has a beneficial effect in diabetic microangiopathy. Panminerva Med. 2011 Sep ;53(3 Suppl 1):43-9 Curcumin positively modulates blood lipids and reduces lipid peroxidation. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2002 Feb;34(1):37-46 Curcumin protects DNA damage in a chronically arsenic-exposed population of West Bengal. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2010 Jan 7. Epub 2010 Jan 7 Curcumin reduces arsenic-induced DNA damage in human subjects. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2011 Mar;20(2):123-31. Curcumin selectively induces programmed cell death in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cell lines and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). J Invest Dermatol. 2010 Aug;130(8):2110-9 Curcumin suppresses inflammation in the mucosa of children and adults with inflammatory bowel disease. Br J Nutr. 2009 Nov 2:1-9. Curcumin suppresses of phosphorylase kinase activity which is correlated to a resolution of psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2000 Nov;143(5):937-49 Curcuminoids may be used to ameliorate oxidative damage in patients with beta-thalassemia/Hb E disease. Clin Biochem. 2010 Mar;43(4-5):424-9 Curcuminoids reduce the frequency of acute myocardial infarction after coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol. 2012 Jul 1 ;110(1):40-4 Curry consumption improves cognitive function in the elderly. Am J Epidemiol. 2006 Nov 1;164(9):898-906 Dietary turmeric reduces breath hydrogen indicating it may be of value for treating halitosis. Dig Dis Sci. 2009 Aug;54(8):1725-9 Diverse effects of a low dose supplement of lipidated curcumin in healthy middle aged people. Nutr J. 2012 Sep 26 ;11(1):79 Dosage Study: A daily dose of 3.6 g of curcumin engendered 62% and 57% decreases in inducible PGE(2) production in blood samples... Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Oct 15;10(20):6847-54. Dosage Study: Turmeric extract can be administered safely to patients at doses of up to 2.2 g daily, equivalent to 180 mg of curcumin. Clin Cancer Res. 2001 Jul;7(7):1894-900. Early human safety study of turmeric oil (Curcuma longa oil) administered orally in healthy volunteers. J Assoc Physicians India. 2003 Nov ;51:1055-60. Early human safety study of turmeric oil (Curcuma longa oil) administered orally in healthy volunteers. J Assoc Physicians India. 2003 Nov ;51:1055-60. Fermented turmeric powder is well-tolerated and effective in subjects with elevated alanine transaminase levels. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013 ;13:58 High-dose curcuminoids are efficacious in the reduction in symptoms and signs of oral lichen planus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011 Sep 8 Lactoferrin and curcumin reduce infections in children with recurrent respiratory infections. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2009 Apr-Jun;23(2):119-24 Neem and Tumeric are a safe and effective topical treatment for scabies. Trop Geogr Med. 1992 Jan;44(1-2):178-81. Oral curcumin is safe and feasible in patients with pancreatic cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2010 Sep 22. Epub 2010 Sep 22. PMID: 20859741 Oral curcumin may have therapeutic activity in the treatment of DA(c)jA(c)rine-Sottas disease. Pediatr Neurol. 2009 Oct;41(4):305-8. PMID: 19748054 Oral curcumin positively modulates blood lipid levels and lipid peroxidation. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1992 Oct;36(4):273-5. PMID: 1291482 Regular endurance exercise combined with daily curcumin ingestion may reduce LV afterload... Am J Hypertens. 2012 Jun ;25(6):651-6. Epub 2012 Mar 15. PMID: 22421908 Review: Curcumin has therapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2011 Mar;11(3):323-30. Epub 2010 Sep 8. PMID: 20828641 Safety & Dosage Review: Curcumin. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2006;6:10. Epub 2006 Mar 17. PMID: 16545122 Soy isoflavones and curcumin suppress PSA levels in human subjects. Prostate. 2010 Jul 1;70(10):1127-33. PMID: 20503397 The administration of low-dose curcumin showed a trend of reduction in total cholesterol level and LDL cholesterol... Acta Med Indones. 2008 Oct;40(4):201-10. PMID: 19151449 The combination of curcumin and quercetin appears to reduce the number and size of ileal and rectal adenomas... Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Aug;4(8):1035-8. Epub 2006 Jun 6. PMID: 16757216 Tumeric has an anti-mutagenic activity on urinary mutagens in smokers. Mutagenesis. 1992 Mar;7(2):107-9. PMID: 1579064 Turmeric and curcumin are therapeutic as topical agents in cancer therapy. Tumori. 1987 Feb 28;73(1):29-31. PMID: 2435036 Turmeric compares favorably to chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash in the prevention of plaque formation and gingivitis. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2011 ;12(4):221-4. Epub 2011 Jul 1. PMID: 22186854 Turmeric extract appears to be as safe and effective as ibuprofen for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Med. 2010 May;25(5):729-34. PMID: 19678780 Turmeric extract supplementation prevents UVB-induced skin aging. Phytomedicine. 2009 Jul 3. PMID: 19577913 Turmeric may be effective in treating lung diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007;595:379-405. PMID: 17569221 Turmeric may improve irritable bowel syndrome. J Altern Complement Med. 2004 Dec;10(6):1015-8. PMID:15673996 Vitamin D3 and curcuminoids (turmeric) stimulate amyloid-beta clearance by macrophages of Alzheimer's disease patients. J Alzheimers Dis. 2009 Jul;17(3):703-17. PMID: 19433889 Curcumin extract for prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2012 Nov ;35(11):2121-7. Epub 2012 Jul 6. PMID: 22773702 Curcumin has been used to successfully treat infantile hemangioendothelioma of the liver. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010 Aug;55(2):377-9. PMID: 20582974 "A Novel Curcumin-based Vaginal Cream Vacurin Selectively Eliminates Apposed Human Cervical Cancer Cells.: Gynecol Oncol. 2012 Dec 9. Epub 2012 Dec 9. PMID: 23234806 "Curcumin ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting renal inflammation in mice." J Biosci Bioeng. 2012 Dec 12. Epub 2012 Dec 12. PMID: 23245727 "Curcumin Attenuates Diabetic Neuropathic Pain by Downregulating TNF-a in a Rat Model." Int J Med Sci. 2013 ;10(4):377-81. Epub 2013 Feb 20. PMID: 23471081 "Curcumin combined with turmerones, essential oil components of turmeric, abolishes inflammation-associated mouse colon carcinogenesis." Biofactors. 2012 Dec 11. Epub 2012 Dec 11. PMID: 23233214 "Curcumin derivatives promote Schwann cell differentiation and improve neuropathy in R98C CMT1B mice.' Brain. 2012 Dec ;135(Pt 12):3551-66. PMID: 23250879 "Curcumin protects against the oxidative damage induced by the pesticide parathion in the hippocampus of the rat brain." Nutr Neurosci. 2012 Feb 2. Epub 2012 Feb 2. PMID: 22333997 A combination of curcumin and green tea catechins prevents dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Jan;48(1):390-5. Epub 2009 Oct 25. PMID: 19861145 A combination of nutrients improves cognitive functioning while decreasing Alzheimer disease neuropathology in an animal model. PLoS One. 2010;5(11):e14015. Epub 2010 Nov 17. PMID: 21103342 A combination of turmeric, clarified butter (ghee) and hyaluronic acid stimulates gingival wound healing following surgery. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Dec 8;120(3):335-41. Epub 2008 Sep 20. PMID: 18929638 A combined dosage of tetrahydrocurcumin and chlorogenic acid protects against experimentally induced type 2 diabetes in rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 2010 Aug;341(1-2):109-17. Epub 2010 Mar 26. PMID: 20339905 A curcumin complex reduces acute lung injury severity. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2012 Feb 3. Epub 2012 Feb 3. PMID: 22312018 A curcumin derivative restores membrane homeostasis disrupted after brain trauma. Exp Neurol. 2010 Nov;226(1):191-9. Epub 2010 Sep 15. PMID: 20816821 A curcumin-artemisinin combination is effective for malaria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 May;50(5):1859-60. PMID: 16641461 A curcumin-free water extract of turmeric prevents chemically-induced mammary cancer in rats. Cancer Lett. 1998 Jan 16;123(1):35-40. PMID: 9461015 A curcumin-free water extract of turmeric prevents chemically-induced mammary cancer in rats. Cancer Lett. 1998 Jan 16;123(1):35-40. PMID: 9461015 A curcumin-phospholipid complex works synergistically to protect the livers of rats following chemical exposure. Int J Pharm. 2007 Feb 7;330(1-2):155-63. Epub 2006 Sep 23. PMID: 17112692 A fermented turmeric extract exhibits anti-obesity properties. J Sci Food Agric. 2012 Jan 25. Epub 2012 Jan 25. PMID: 22278718 A multi-herbal product called Protandim exhibits chemopreventive properties in a mouse model of skin cancer. PLoS One. 2010;5(7):e11902. Epub 2010 Jul 30. PMID: 20689586 A multi-herbal product called Protandim has chemopreventive properties against skin cancer. PLoS One. 2009;4(4):e5284. Epub 2009 Apr 22. PMID: 19384424 Suppressor Protein p53 Upregulation : CK(163) : AC(105), Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Inhibitor : CK(94) : AC(24) A multi-herbal product called Protandim prevents fibrosis and capillary loss and preserves right ventricular function in rats. Circulation. 2009 Nov 17;120(20):1951-60. Epub 2009 Nov 2. PMID: 19884466 A poly-herbal formula named Protandim reduces oxidative stress in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Diet Suppl. 2010 Jun 1;7(2):159-178. PMID: 20740052 A polyherbal formula containing Sea buckthorn (H. rhamnoides), Aloe and Turmeric (C. longa) possesses significant wound healing potential in both normal as well as chronic diabetic wounds. Wound Repair Regen. 2008 Nov-Dec;16(6):784-90. PMID: 19128249 Age may play a significant role in the efficacy of chemoprevention of colon cancer by curcumin. Nutr Cancer. 2004;48(1):37-43. PMID: 15203376 Aloe vera, turmeric and holy basil suppress the adverse effects associated with maternal fluoride exposure. Indian J Exp Biol. 2010 Aug;48(8):830-6. PMID: 21341542 Andrographis and Hedyotis corymbosa in combination with curcumin have anti-malaria action. Phytother Res. 2004 Feb;18(2):164-8. PMID: 19216765 Bioavailability is enhanced with a curcumin-phosphatidylcholine complex. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2006 Feb 24;40(3):720-7. Epub 2005 Nov 28. PMID: 16316738 Bioavailability Study: Phosphatidyl choline bound curcumin is superior to curcumin in isolation. J Pharm Sci. 2011 May;100(5):1987-95. Epub 2010 Nov 24. PMID: 21374628 Boswellic acid and curcumin have chemopreventive properties on chemically-induced oral cancer. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2011 Nov ;46(11):678-83. PMID: 22333308 Both curcumin and its metabolite tetrahydrocurcumin exert neuroprotection against chemically-induced neurotoxicity. Inflammopharmacology. 2008 Apr;16(2):96-9. PMID: 18408903 Both curcumin and resveratrol show promise as anti-cachexia agents, whereas resveratrol performed better in this study. Br J Cancer. 2004 Nov 1;91(9):1742-50. PMID: 15477867 Cadmium induced lipid peroxidation is abolished by curcumin treatment in the animal model. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 1994;154:32-41. PMID: 15177643 Capsaicin and curcumin lower levels of an arthritis-associated glycoprotein in the sera of rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 1997 Apr;169(1-2):125-34. PMID: 9089639 Carrageenan lambda type IV, cineole, curcumin, and eugenol provide significant protection in a mouse model of intravaginal HSV-2 challenge. Antiviral Res. 1999 Jul;42(3):219-26. PMID: 10443534 Coenzyme Q10 and curcumin administration improves retinal histology by reversing the pathological changes due to chronic methanol... J Med Assoc Thai. 2012 Apr ;95 Suppl 4:S76-81. PMID: 22696856 Combined curcumin and resveratrol reduces prostate cancer incidence in mice. Int J Cancer. 2009 Jul 1;125(1):1-8. PMID: 19326431 Combined treatment of tetrahydrocurcumin and chlorogenic acid exerts potential antihyperglycemic effect on type 1 diabetic rats. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2010 Mar;29(1):23-30. PMID: 20371877 Combining curcumin with guar gum may help increase its effectiveness in treating colon cancer. Drugs Aging. 2007;24(11):945-55. PMID: 20614824 Compounds within turmeric suppress an increase in blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic mice. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Feb 23;53(4):959-63. PMID: 15713005 Consumption of curcumin elevates fecal immunoglobulin A, an index of intestinal immune function, in rats fed a high-fat diet. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2010;56(1):68-71. PMID: 20354349 Consumption of some polyphenols reduces fecal deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, the secondary bile acids of risk factors of colon cancer. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Sep 23;57(18):8587-90. PMID: 19711910 Cucuma longa (Turmeric) and Spikenard (N. jatamansi) elevates the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio and lowers triglycerides. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1988 Oct-Dec;32(4):299-304. PMID: 3215683 Cucumin and piperine in combination have a potent antigenotoxic effect... Toxicol Mech Methods. 2008 Jan;18(9):691-6. PMID: 20020926 Curcumin works synergistically with paclitaxel to inhibit breast cancer in a mouse model. Breast J. 2009 May-Jun;15(3):223-9. PMID: 19645775 Curcumin (from Turmeric) ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2006 Oct;33(10):940-5. PMID: 17002671 Curcumin (from Turmeric) and kolaviron (a compound from the seeds of Garcinia kola) ameliorate phthalate-induced testicular damage in rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007 Jan;100(1):43-8. PMID: 17214610 Curcumin (from turmeric) and saikosaponin (from Bupleurum) protects against chemically induced liver fibrosis. J Med Food. 2008 Jun;11(2):224-9. PMID: 18598162 Curcumin (from Turmeric) attenuates pulmonary inflammation and emphysema in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2009 Apr;296(4):L614-23. Epub 2009 Jan 23. PMID: 19168576 Curcumin (from turmeric) circumvents chemoresistance and potentiates the effect of thalidomide and bortezomib against human multiple myeloma in mice. Mol Cancer Ther. 2009 Apr;8(4):959-70. PMID: 19372569 Curcumin (from Turmeric) has a protective effect against Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) Neurochem Res. 2008 Jun;33(6):1036-43. Epub 2008 Jan 18. PMID: 18204970 Curcumin (from Turmeric) in combination with Piperine may attenuate stress-induced depression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2008 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19000708 Curcumin (from Turmeric) positively modulates the HPA axis and neurotrophin factor expression in chronically stressed animals. Brain Res. 2006 Nov 29;1122(1):56-64. Epub 2006 Oct 3. PMID: 17022948 Curcumin (from Turmeric) reduces amyloid beta plaque formation in an animal model of Alzheimers disease. Neurochem Int. 2009 Mar-Apr;54(3-4):199-204. Epub 2008 Nov 30. PMID: 15590663 Curcumin (from Turmeric) reduces oxidative damage and amyloid plaque in a transgenic animal model of Alzheimers. J Neurosci. 2001 Nov 1;21(21):8370-7. PMID: 11606625 Curcumin (from Turmeric) reduces oxidative injury associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2006 Apr;31(8):669-72. PMID: 16830828 Curcumin (Turmeric) may benefit Multiple Sclerosis by blocking an inflammatory mediator. J Immunol. 2002 Jun 15;168(12):6506-13. PMID: 12055272 Curcumin acts as immunorestorer in tumor-bearing host. Cancer Res. 2007 Jan 1;67(1):362-70. PMID: 17210719 Curcumin alleviates dystrophic muscle pathology in mdx mice. Mol Cells. 2008 Jun 30;25(4):531-7. Epub 2008 May 6. PMID: 18460899 Curcumin alleviates matrix metalloproteinases associated with inflammation during eradication of H. pylori infection. PLoS One. 2011;6(1):e16306. Epub 2011 Jan 21. PMID: 21283694 Curcumin ameliorates acute thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Feb;21(2):358-66. PMID: 16509859 Curcumin ameliorates aflatoin-induced toxicity in serum of mice. Acta Pol Pharm. 2008 May-Jun;65(3):339-43. PMID: 18646553 Curcumin ameliorates aflatoxin-induced changes in SDH and ATPase activities in liver and kidney of mice. Acta Pol Pharm. 2008 Jul-Aug;65(4):415-9. PMID: 19051581 Curcumin ameliorates aflatoxin-induced lipid peroxidation in liver, kidney and testis of mice. Acta Pol Pharm. 2007 Sep-Oct;64(5):413-6. PMID: 18540160 Curcumin ameliorates aflatoxin-induced lipid-peroxidation in liver and kidney of mice. Acta Pol Pharm. 2008 Mar-Apr;65(2):195-202. PMID: 18666425 Curcumin ameliorates aflatoxin-induced toxicity in DNA, RNA and protein in liver and kidney of mice. Acta Pol Pharm. 2007 Nov-Dec;64(6):497-502. PMID: 18323242 Curcumin ameliorates aflatoxin-induced toxicity in mice spermatozoa. Fertil Steril. 2008 Sep;90(3):775-80. Epub 2007 Dec 27. PMID: 18163997 Curcumin ameliorates aflatoxin-induced toxicity. Poult Sci. 2008 Jun;87(6):1125-30. PMID: 18493001 Curcumin ameliorates arterial dysfunction and oxidative stress with aging. Exp Gerontol. 2012 Nov 7. Epub 2012 Nov 7. PMID: 23142245 Curcumin ameliorates chemically-induced liver damage and fibrosis in rats. Ann Hepatol. 2011 Oct 1 ;10(4):516-30. PMID: 21911894 Curcumin ameliorates cognitive deficits and neurodegeneration in a rat model of sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT). Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2009 Sep;19(9):636-47. Epub 2009 Mar 28. PMID: 19329286 Curcumin ameliorates cognitive dysfunction and oxidative damage in phenobarbitone and carbamazepine administered rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010 Oct 10;644(1-3):106-12. Epub 2010 Jul 24. PMID: 20667451 Curcumin ameliorates endotoxin-induced experimental hepatoxicity in rodents. Clin Exp Immunol. 2006 Aug;145(2):313-21. PMID: 16879252 Curcumin ameliorates ethanol and nonethanol experimental pancreatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2003 Jan;284(1):G85-95. PMID: 12488237 Curcumin ameliorates experimentally induced ulcerative colitis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2007 Mar;7(3):333-42. Epub 2006 Dec 18. PMID: 17276891 Curcumin ameliorates high glucose-induced adverse changes to the aortic endothelium of rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2009 Dec;36(12):1177-82. Epub 2009 May 19. PMID: 19473193 Curcumin ameliorates kidney failure in nephrectomized rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2009 May;296(5):F1146-57. Epub 2009 Feb 18. PMID: 19225048 Curcumin ameliorates kidney lesions associated with diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem. 1998 Apr;181(1-2):87-96. PMID: 9562245 Curcumin ameliorates lung inflammation induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae and may be a useful adjuvant in antibiotic therapy. J Med Microbiol. 2010 Jan 7. Epub 2010 Jan 7. PMID: 20056776 Curcumin ameliorates memory deficits associated with diabetes in the rat. Age (Dordr). 2009 Mar;31(1):39-49. Epub 2008 Oct 8. PMID: 19234767 Curcumin ameliorates oxaliplatin-induced chemoresistance in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Int J Cancer. 2010 Sep 13. Epub 2010 Sep 13. PMID: 20839263 Curcumin ameliorates oxidative stress during nicotine-induced lung toxicity in rats. Ital J Biochem. 2004 Jul;53(2):82-6. PMID: 15646012 Curcumin ameliorates sodium arsenite induced biochemical perturbations in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Nov;46(11):3506-11. Epub 2008 Sep 2. PMID: 18809455 Curcumin ameliorates sodium arsenite-induced oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in different rat organs. Molecules. 2009;14(3):1098-110. Epub 2009 Mar 10. PMID: 19049818 Curcumin ameloriates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through inhibition of IL-17 production. Int Immunopharmacol. 2009 May;9(5):575-81. Epub 2009 Feb 3. PMID: 19539560 Curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin have antihyperlipidemic properties in experimental type 2 diabetic rats. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1986 Sep-Oct;10(5):530-2. PMID: 17994458 Curcumin and a curcumin copper complex has a radioprotective effect in mouse livers. J Radiat Res (Tokyo). 2007 May;48(3):241-5. Epub 2007 Apr 27. PMID: 17464095 Curcumin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester decrease intestinal tumors in an animal model of familial adenomatous polyposis. Carcinogenesis. 2000 May;21(5):921-7. PMID: 10783313 Curcumin and CAPE may reduce chemotherapy-induced mucosal barrier injury. Leukemia. 2004 Feb;18(2):276-84. PMID: 14671640 Curcumin ameliorates aflatoxin-induced lipid-peroxidation in liver and kidney of mice. Acta Pol Pharm. 2008 Mar-Apr;65(2):195-202. PMID: 18666425 Curcumin ameliorates aflatoxin-induced toxicity in DNA, RNA and protein in liver and kidney of mice. Acta Pol Pharm. 2007 Nov-Dec;64(6):497-502. PMID: 18323242 Curcumin ameliorates aflatoxin-induced toxicity in mice spermatozoa. Fertil Steril. 2008 Sep;90(3):775-80. Epub 2007 Dec 27. PMID: 18163997 Curcumin ameliorates aflatoxin-induced toxicity. Poult Sci. 2008 Jun;87(6):1125-30. PMID: 18493001 Curcumin ameliorates cognitive deficits and neurodegeneration in a rat model of sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT). Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2009 Sep;19(9):636-47. Epub 2009 Mar 28. PMID: 19329286 Curcumin ameliorates cognitive dysfunction and oxidative damage in phenobarbitone and carbamazepine administered rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010 Oct 10;644(1-3):106-12. Epub 2010 Jul 24. PMID: 20667451 Curcumin ameliorates endotoxin-induced experimental hepatoxicity in rodents. Clin Exp Immunol. 2006 Aug;145(2):313-21. PMID: 16879252 Curcumin ameliorates ethanol and nonethanol experimental pancreatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2003 Jan;284(1):G85-95. PMID: 12488237 Curcumin ameliorates experimentally induced ulcerative colitis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2007 Mar;7(3):333-42. Epub 2006 Dec 18. PMID: 17276891 Curcumin ameliorates high glucose-induced adverse changes to the aortic endothelium of rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2009 Dec;36(12):1177-82. Epub 2009 May 19. PMID: 19473193 Curcumin ameliorates kidney failure in nephrectomized rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2009 May;296(5):F1146-57. Epub 2009 Feb 18. PMID: 19225048 Curcumin ameliorates kidney lesions associated with diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem. 1998 Apr;181(1-2):87-96. PMID: 9562245 Curcumin ameliorates lung inflammation induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae and may be a useful adjuvant in antibiotic therapy. J Med Microbiol. 2010 Jan 7. Epub 2010 Jan 7. PMID: 20056776 Curcumin ameliorates memory deficits associated with diabetes in the rat. Age (Dordr). 2009 Mar;31(1):39-49. Epub 2008 Oct 8. PMID: 19234767 Curcumin ameliorates oxaliplatin-induced chemoresistance in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Int J Cancer. 2010 Sep 13. Epub 2010 Sep 13. PMID: 20839263 Curcumin ameliorates oxidative stress during nicotine-induced lung toxicity in rats. Ital J Biochem. 2004 Jul;53(2):82-6. PMID: 15646012 Curcumin ameliorates sodium arsenite induced biochemical perturbations in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Nov;46(11):3506-11. Epub 2008 Sep 2. PMID: 18809455 Curcumin ameliorates sodium arsenite-induced oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in different rat organs. Molecules. 2009;14(3):1098-110. Epub 2009 Mar 10. PMID: 19049818 Curcumin ameloriates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through inhibition of IL-17 production. Int Immunopharmacol. 2009 May;9(5):575-81. Epub 2009 Feb 3. PMID: 19539560 Curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin have antihyperlipidemic properties in experimental type 2 diabetic rats. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1986 Sep-Oct;10(5):530-2. PMID: 17994458 Curcumin and a curcumin copper complex has a radioprotective effect in mouse livers. J Radiat Res (Tokyo). 2007 May;48(3):241-5. Epub 2007 Apr 27. PMID: 17464095 Curcumin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester decrease intestinal tumors in an animal model of familial adenomatous polyposis. Carcinogenesis. 2000 May;21(5):921-7. PMID: 10783313 Curcumin and CAPE may reduce chemotherapy-induced mucosal barrier injury. Leukemia. 2004 Feb;18(2):276-84. PMID: 14671640 Curcumin attenuates acute adriamycin myocardial toxicity in rats. Br J Pharmacol. 1998 Jun;124(3):425-7. PMID: 9647462 Curcumin attenuates airway hyperreactivity induced by ischemia-reperfusion of the pancreas in rats. Transplant Proc. 2010 Apr;42(3):744-7. PMID: 20430162 Curcumin attenuates alcohol toxicity. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2004 Aug 20;7(2):274-83. Epub 2004 Aug 20. PMID: 15367386 Curcumin attenuates allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in sensitized guinea pigs. Biol Pharm Bull. 2003 Jul;26(7):1021-4. PMID: 12843631 Curcumin attenuates aluminum-induced functional neurotoxicity in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2009 Jul;93(1):31-9. Epub 2009 Apr 17. PMID: 19376155 Curcumin attenuates an inflammatory response and improved the meiotic maturation of oocytes... Fiziol Zh. 2010;56(4):96-101. PMID: 20968042 Curcumin attenuates cadmium-induced tisse damage in mice. J Appl Toxicol. 2006 May-Jun;26(3):207-12. PMID: 16345010 Curcumin attenuates cerebral edema following traumatic brain injury in mice. J Neurochem. 2010 Feb 1. Epub 2010 Feb 1. PMID: 20132469 Curcumin attenuates chronic fatigue syndrome in a mouse experimental model. Immunobiology. 2009;214(1):33-9. Epub 2008 Jun 17. PMID: 19159825 Curcumin attenuates Concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2012 Jan ;12(1):151-7. Epub 2011 Dec 2. PMID: 22138522 Anti-Inflammatory Agents : CK(1230) : AC(433), Hepatoprotective : CK(580) : AC(281) Curcumin attenuates cyclosporine-induced renal dysfunction and oxidative stress in rat kidneys. BMC Pharmacol. 2005;5:15. Epub 2005 Oct 15. PMID: 16225695 Curcumin attenuates damage associated with cardiac ischemia/reperfusion. J Surg Res. 2005 May 1;125(1):109-16. PMID: 15836859 Curcumin attenuates diabetic encephalopathy in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Dec 8;576(1-3):34-42. Epub 2007 Aug 14. PMID: 17822693 Curcumin attenuates diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. Med Sci Monit. 2005 Jul;11(7):BR228-234. Epub 2005 Jun 29. PMID: 15990684 Curcumin attenuates dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Apr;46(4):1279-87. Epub 2007 Sep 26. PMID: 18006204 Curcumin attenuates gentamicin-induced kidney oxidative damage in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2006 Sep;44(9):1443-8. Epub 2006 May 20. PMID: 16814915 Curcumin attenuates high-fat-diet induced blood lipid elevation and oxidation. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2000 Jul;29(4):240-2. PMID: 12520931 Curcumin attenuates indomethacin-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Arch Toxicol. 2008 Jul;82(7):471-81. Epub 2007 Nov 30. PMID: 18060385 Curcumin attenuates inflammation in experimental colitis. Mol Cell Biochem. 2009 Feb;322(1-2):127-35. Epub 2008 Nov 11. PMID: 19002562 Curcumin attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat testis. Fertil Steril. 2009 Jan;91(1):271-7. Epub 2008 Jan 28. PMID: 18222428 Curcumin attenuates isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 1999 Jul;197(1-2):31-7. PMID: 10485321 Curcumin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced renal inflammation. Biol Pharm Bull. 2011;34(2):226-32. PMID: 21415532 Curcumin attenuates methotraxate-induced hepatic oxidative damage in rats. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst. 2008 Jun;20(2):141-8. PMID: 20029470 Curcumin attenuates acute adriamycin myocardial toxicity in rats. Br J Pharmacol. 1998 Jun;124(3):425-7. PMID: 9647462 Curcumin attenuates airway hyperreactivity induced by ischemia-reperfusion of the pancreas in rats. Transplant Proc. 2010 Apr;42(3):744-7. PMID: 20430162 Curcumin attenuates alcohol toxicity. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2004 Aug 20;7(2):274-83. Epub 2004 Aug 20. PMID: 15367386 Curcumin attenuates allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in sensitized guinea pigs. Biol Pharm Bull. 2003 Jul;26(7):1021-4. PMID: 12843631 Curcumin attenuates aluminum-induced functional neurotoxicity in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2009 Jul;93(1):31-9. Epub 2009 Apr 17. PMID: 19376155 Curcumin attenuates an inflammatory response and improved the meiotic maturation of oocytes... Fiziol Zh. 2010;56(4):96-101. PMID: 20968042 Curcumin attenuates cadmium-induced tisse damage in mice. J Appl Toxicol. 2006 May-Jun;26(3):207-12. PMID: 16345010 Curcumin attenuates cerebral edema following traumatic brain injury in mice. J Neurochem. 2010 Feb 1. Epub 2010 Feb 1. PMID: 20132469 Curcumin attenuates chemically induced colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2003 Jul;285(1):G235-43. Epub 2003 Mar 13. PMID: 12637253 Curcumin attenuates chronic fatigue syndrome in a mouse experimental model. Immunobiology. 2009;214(1):33-9. Epub 2008 Jun 17. PMID: 19159825 Curcumin attenuates Concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2012 Jan ;12(1):151-7. Epub 2011 Dec 2. PMID: 22138522 Curcumin attenuates cyclosporine-induced renal dysfunction and oxidative stress in rat kidneys. BMC Pharmacol. 2005;5:15. Epub 2005 Oct 15. PMID: 16225695 Curcumin attenuates damage associated with cardiac ischemia/reperfusion. J Surg Res. 2005 May 1;125(1):109-16. PMID: 15836859 Curcumin attenuates diabetic encephalopathy in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Dec 8;576(1-3):34-42. Epub 2007 Aug 14. PMID: 17822693 Curcumin attenuates diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. Med Sci Monit. 2005 Jul;11(7):BR228-234. Epub 2005 Jun 29. PMID: 15990684 Curcumin attenuates dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Apr;46(4):1279-87. Epub 2007 Sep 26. PMID: 18006204 Curcumin attenuates gentamicin-induced kidney oxidative damage in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2006 Sep;44(9):1443-8. Epub 2006 May 20. PMID: 16814915 Curcumin attenuates high-fat-diet induced blood lipid elevation and oxidation. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2000 Jul;29(4):240-2. PMID: 12520931 Curcumin attenuates indomethacin-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Arch Toxicol. 2008 Jul;82(7):471-81. Epub 2007 Nov 30. PMID: 18060385 Curcumin attenuates inflammation in experimental colitis. Mol Cell Biochem. 2009 Feb;322(1-2):127-35. Epub 2008 Nov 11. PMID: 19002562 Curcumin attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat testis. Fertil Steril. 2009 Jan;91(1):271-7. Epub 2008 Jan 28. PMID: 18222428 Curcumin attenuates isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 1999 Jul;197(1-2):31-7. PMID: 10485321 Curcumin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced renal inflammation. Biol Pharm Bull. 2011;34(2):226-32. PMID: 21415532 Curcumin attenuates methotraxate-induced hepatic oxidative damage in rats. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst. 2008 Jun;20(2):141-8. PMID: 20029470 Curcumin attenuates acute adriamycin myocardial toxicity in rats. Br J Pharmacol. 1998 Jun;124(3):425-7. PMID: 9647462 Curcumin attenuates airway hyperreactivity induced by ischemia-reperfusion of the pancreas in rats. Transplant Proc. 2010 Apr;42(3):744-7. PMID: 20430162 Curcumin attenuates alcohol toxicity. 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Immunobiology. 2009;214(1):33-9. Epub 2008 Jun 17. PMID: 19159825 Curcumin attenuates Concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2012 Jan ;12(1):151-7. Epub 2011 Dec 2. PMID: 22138522 Curcumin attenuates cyclosporine-induced renal dysfunction and oxidative stress in rat kidneys. BMC Pharmacol. 2005;5:15. Epub 2005 Oct 15. PMID: 16225695 Curcumin attenuates damage associated with cardiac ischemia/reperfusion. J Surg Res. 2005 May 1;125(1):109-16. PMID: 15836859 Curcumin attenuates diabetic encephalopathy in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Dec 8;576(1-3):34-42. Epub 2007 Aug 14. PMID: 17822693 Curcumin attenuates diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. Med Sci Monit. 2005 Jul;11(7):BR228-234. Epub 2005 Jun 29. PMID: 15990684 Curcumin attenuates dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Apr;46(4):1279-87. Epub 2007 Sep 26. PMID: 18006204 Curcumin attenuates gentamicin-induced kidney oxidative damage in rats. 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PMID: 17963602 Curcumin reduces the accumulation of collagen IV and fibronectin in the glomeruli... Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Feb 15;15(4):1123-5. PMID: 15339499 Curcumin reduces the adverse effects of hyperinsulinemia associated with type 2 diabetes Clin Breast Cancer. 2010 Jun;10(3):224-9. PMID: 19841616 Curcumin regresses tumors as well as protects the host from tumor-induced immunosuppression and toxicity. Cancer Detect Prev. 2005;29(5):470-8. Epub 2005 Sep 26. PMID: 16188398 Curcumin regulates the shift from Th1 to Th2 in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced chronic colitis. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2006 Aug;27(8):1071-7. PMID: 16867261 Curcumin retards the growth of intestinal polyps in a mouse model of familial adenomatous polyposis. Eur J Cancer. 2006 Feb;42(3):415-21. Epub 2006 Jan 4. PMID: 16387490 Curcumin reverses amyloid pathology and associated neurotoxicity in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease. J Neurochem. 2007 Aug;102(4):1095-104. Epub 2007 Apr 30. 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PMID: 16953118 Curcuminoids protect against neuronal cell death in an Alzheimer disease model. Neurosci Lett. 2001 Apr 27;303(1):57-61. PMID: 11297823 Curcuminoids rescue long-term potentiation impaired by amyloid peptide in rat hippocampal slices. Synapse. 2010 Oct 20. Epub 2010 Oct 20. PMID: 20963814 Curcuminoids suppress the growth and induce programmed cell death in glioblastoma multiforme cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Oct 13;58(19):10639-45. PMID: 20822178 Curcuminoids suppress the growth of pharynx and nasopharyngeal cancer cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 May 13;57(9):3765-70. PMID: 19317462 Curcuminoids, particularly curcumin, can improve the symptoms of allergic diseases, such as anaphylaxis and itching. Arch Pharm Res. 2009 Dec;32(12):1783-7. Epub 2010 Feb 17. PMID: 20162408 Curcuminoids-loaded lipid nanoparticles exhibit anti-malarial activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2010 Nov 1;81(1):263-73. Epub 2010 Jul 17. PMID: 20688493 Curcumoids inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-3 secretion in human invasive breast carcinoma cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2010 Jul;33(7):989-98. Epub 2010 Jul 27. PMID: 20661707 Curcumol, isolated from Curcuma phaeocaulis (R. Curcumae) induces programmed cell death in human lung cancer cells. Med Oncol. 2010 Feb 3. Epub 2010 Feb 3. PMID: 20127426 Demethoxycurcumin induces programmed cell death in human glioma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Jul 10;384(4):420-5. Epub 2009 May 5. PMID: 19422808 Demethoxycurcumin suppresses migration and invasion of human breast cancer cell line. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010 Feb 10;627(1-3):8-15. Epub 2009 Oct 7. PMID: 19818349 Demethoxycurcumin, a natural derivative of curcumin attenuates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses in microglia cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 2010 Mar;10(3):331-8. Epub 2009 Dec 16. PMID: 20018257 Dietary omega-3 fatty acids, curcumin and capsaicin lower the release of lysosomal enzymes and eicosanoids in rat peritoneal macrophages associated with inflammation. Mol Cell Biochem. 2000 Jan;203(1-2):153-61. PMID: 10724344 EGCG and curcumin have chemopreventive synergism in normal, premalignant and malignant human oral epithelial cells. Carcinogenesis. 1998 Mar;19(3):419-24. PMID: 9525275 EGCG and curcumin suppress Alzheimer disease associated beta amyloid production. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005 Aug;289(2):H715-21. Epub 2005 Mar 18. PMID: 18695518 Ellagic acid and curcumin may inhibit cancer through preventing the over-expression of glutathione S-transferases. Food Chem Toxicol. 2007 Feb;45(2):286-95. Epub 2006 Aug 30. PMID: 17046132 Epicatechin enhances the anti-cancer activity of curcumin in human lung cancer cells. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2010 Aug;3(8):953-62. Epub 2010 Jul 6. PMID: 20606042 Epigenetic Reactivation of RANK in Glioblastoma Cells by Curcumin: Involvement of STAT3 Inhibition. DNA Cell Biol. 2013 Apr 27. Epub 2013 Apr 27. PMID: 23621850 Ethanol extracts of A. hypogaea (peanut), C. longa (turmeric), and P. maritimum could be considered a new natural agent against the Acanthamoeba cyst. Parasitol Res. 2011 Dec 7. Epub 2011 Dec 7. PMID: 22146994 Garcinol (Garcinia indica) and curcumin (Turmeric) induce programmed cell death in human leukemia cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2001 Mar;49(3):1464-74. PMID: 11312881 Genistein and curcumin block migratory and invasive phenotypes within mouse skin cells. Nutr Cancer. 2000;37(1):49-54. PMID: 10965519 Heat-solubilized curry spice curcumin inhibits antibody-antigen interaction in in vitro studies indicating it may help to alleviate autoimmune diseases. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2010 Aug;54(8):1202-9. PMID: 20146265 Hexahydrocurcumin has a cytotoxic effect against human colorectal cancer cells. Nat Prod Commun. 2011 Nov ;6(11):1671-2. PMID: 22224285 High dose of curcumin might be an effective anti-angiogenic drug in the treatment against tumor. Mol Pharmacol.2007 Dec;72(6):1508-21. Epub 2007 Sep 14. PMID: 16151260 Inhibition of interleukin-12 production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages by curcumin. Eur J Pharmacol. 1999 Nov 19;384(2-3):191-5. PMID: 10611441 Liposome-encapsulated curcumin exhibits anti-cancer activity in pancreatic cancer. Cancer. 2005 Sep 15;104(6):1322-31. PMID: 16092118 Liposome-encapsulated curcumin suppresses neuroblastoma growth. Surgery. 2012 Jan 26. Epub 2012 Jan 26. PMID: 22284765 MGN-3 and curcumin exhibit synergistic anti-cancer activity on human multiple myeloma cell lines. Neoplasma. 2011;58(2):118-23. PMID: 21275460 NAC and curcumin ameliorate pesticide-induced oxidative DNA damage in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Environ Monit Assess. 2010 Nov 4. Epub 2010 Nov 4. PMID: 21049288 Natural curcuminoids exhibit alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Eur J Med Chem. 2006 Feb;41(2):213-8. Epub 2006 Jan 4. PMID: 16387392 Natural plant compounds may have preventive and therapeutic applications against the growth of breast tumors induced by environmental estroge Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Dec;106(12):807-12. PMID: 9831541 Phenethyl isothiocyanate and sulforaphane or curcumin and sulforaphane have a synergistic effect in the inhibition of inflammation. Pharm Res. 2009 Jan;26(1):224-31. Epub 2008 Oct 8. PMID: 18841446 Phosphatidylcholine bound curcumin is a lipoxygenase inhibitor. Lipids. 1998 Dec;33(12):1223-8. PMID: 9930409 Polyphenols such as curcumin and EGCG from green tea may chelate out iron from the Alzheimers brain. Prog Neurobiol. 2007 Aug;82(6):348-60. Epub 2007 Jun 19. PMID: 17659826 Preventive compounds curcumin and piperine are capable of targeting breast stem cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010 Aug ;122(3):777-85. Epub 2009 Nov 7. PMID: 19898931 Prophylactic use of curcumin may effectively rescue pancreatic islets from damage without affecting the normal function of these cellular structures. BJU Int. 2002 Jun;89(9):829-34. PMID: 17900558 Resveratrol and curcumin may attenuate Chlamydia-associated induced atherosclerosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Jul 22;333(1):21-7. PMID: 15939398 Review: Anti cancer effects of curcumin. Cell Div. 2008;3:14. Epub 2008 Oct 3. PMID: 18834508 Review: antiangogenic effect of selected phytochemicals. Pharmazie. 2010 Jan;65(1):57-63. PMID: 20187580 Review: Curcumin content of turmeric and curry powders. Nutr Cancer. 2006;55(2):126-31. PMID: 17044766 Review: Curcumin has a number of potential therapeutic properties for Alzheimer diseaes. Mutat Res. 2009 Oct 13. Epub 2009 Oct 13. PMID: 19966973 Review: Curcumin has potential value in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. J Lab Clin Med. 1997 Dec;130(6):576-84. PMID: 19519446 Review: Curcumin has therapeutic potential in the treatment of head & neck cancers. Mol Cancer. 2011 Feb 7;10(1):12. Epub 2011 Feb 7. PMID: 21299897 Review: Curcumin may be an ideal anti-cancer therapy due to is role in positively modulating the machineries of cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. Mol Cell Biochem. 2010 Mar;336(1-2):85-95. Epub 2009 Oct 14. PMID: 19826768 Review: curcumin may be an ideal epigenetic agent. Cancer. 2010 Oct 15;116(20):4670-6. PMID: 20597137 Review: Curcumin may have therapeutic value in obesity. Pediatr Rehabil. 2004 Oct-Dec;7(4):245-60. PMID: 21091916 Review: Curcumin selectively kills tumor cells. Scand J Prim Health Care. 1998 Mar;16(1):37-9. PMID: 19590964 Review: Potentials of curcumin as an antidepressant. ScientificWorldJournal. 2009;9:1233-41. Epub 2009 Nov 1. PMID: 19882093 Safety Study: A two generation reproductive toxicity study with curcumin, turmeric yellow, in Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2007 Jan;45(1):64-9. Epub 2006 Aug 7. PMID: 16987575 Six dietary constituents inhibit nicotine-DNA adduct formation. Food Chem Toxicol. 2003 Jul;41(7):1045-50. PMID: 12804663 Spice constituents such as quercetin and curcumin inhibit LDL cholesterol oxidation. Mol Cell Biochem. 2002 Jan;229(1-2):19-23. PMID: 11936843 Targeting Cancer Stem Cells by Curcumin and Clinical Applications. Cancer Lett. 2014 Jan 23. Epub 2014 Jan 23. PMID: 24463298 Tea, rosemary and turmeric inhibit inflammation. Cancer Lett. 1995 Sep 4;96(1):23-9. PMID: 7553604 Testoterone enhances curcumin's anti-prostate cancer activity. Cancer Sci. 2011 Feb;102(2):468-71. Epub 2010 Dec 7. PMID: 21134073 Tetrahydrocurcumin inhibits cell migration and invasion in fibrosarcoma cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2008 Jul;29(7):853-60. PMID: 18565284 Tetrahydrocurcumin may contribute to overcoming multi-drug resistance of human cancers. Mol Cell Biochem. 2007 Feb;296(1-2):85-95. Epub 2006 Sep 8. PMID: 16960658 Tetrahydrocurcumin protect against radiation-induced lipid peroxidation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2009 Dec;34(6):1093-7. PMID: 10803946 Tetrahydrocurcumin protect against radiation-induced lipid peroxidation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2009 Dec;34(6):1093-7. PMID: 10803946 The anti-breast cancer activity of curcumin may be due in part to its down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor. Life Sci. 2007 May 16;80(23):2161-9. Epub 2007 Apr 21. PMID: 17499312 The dietary polyphenols trans-resveratrol and curcumin interact with cannabinoid receptors indicating their potential role in treating obesity and/or drug dependence. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1996 Jun;60(6):1000-5. PMID: 19359525 The natural compounds berberine, curcumin and picroliv are able to suppress the progression of virally induced leukemia. J Exp Ther Oncol. 2008;7(4):275-84. PMID: 19227007 The natural Nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitor curcumin may help to overcome drug resistance in human pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2006 Sep;5(9):2251-60. PMID: 16985059 The phytoestrogens quercetin, baicalein, genistein, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and curcumin are effective inhibitors of prostate tumor cell growth. Nutr Cancer. 2004;49(2):200-8. PMID: 15489213 The plant extracts curcumin, quercetin, green tea, balcalein, and luteolin offer protection and promote healing of neurological tissues Surg Neurol Int. 2012 ;3:19. Epub 2012 Feb 15. PMID: 22439110 The plant polyphenols curcumin, carnosic acid, and silibinin may work synergistically to inhibit acute myeloid leukemia cells. Nutr Cancer. 2010 Aug;62(6):811-24. PMID: 20661831 The polyphenols, epigallocatechin gallate, and catechin hydrate significantly attenuate quinolinic acid-induced excitotoxicity in human neurons. FEBS J. 2010 Jan;277(2):368-82. Epub 2009 Dec 10. PMID: 20015232 The role of cancer stem cells in the anti-carcinogenicity of curcumin. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2013 Jul 31. Epub 2013 Jul 31. PMID: 23900994 Theophylline and curcumin may restore corticosteroid insensitivity. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2007 Jun;11(6):745-55. PMID: 17504013 There is strong evidence to support the use of curcumin in retinal diseases, Crohn's disease and disorders related to the spinal cord. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004 Dec;130(12):1381-6. PMID: 15262811 Topic turmeric may have photoprotective properties. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2011 Dec ;10(4):260-5. PMID: 22151933 Topical application of curcumin (from Turmeric) may have therapeutic value in the treatment of scleroderma, psoriasis and skin cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007;595:343-57. PMID: 17569219 Topical application of curcumin was useful in reducing experimental corneal neovascularization and can be used to inhibit angiogenesis in the cornea. Curr Eye Res. 2010 Apr;35(4):274-80. PMID: 20373893 Topical curcumin can inhibit deleterious effects of upper respiratory tract bacteria on human oropharyngeal cells. Support Care Cancer. 2010 May 14. Epub 2010 May 14. PMID: 20467756 Topical curcumin with visible light may have therapeutic value in skin cancer. J Invest Dermatol. 2007 Aug;127(8):1992-2000. Epub 2007 Apr 5. PMID: 17410200 Trichostatin A works synergistically with curcumin to inhibit human leukemia cells. Pharmazie. 2006 Aug;61(8):710-6. PMID: 16964716 Tumeric contains compounds such as tumerones and curlone separate and distinct from curcumin which exhibit antibacterial activity. J Agric Food Chem. 1999 Oct;47(10):4297-300. PMID: 10552805 Turmeric and curcumin inhibit aflatoxin induced hemolysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2010 Jan 4. Epub 2010 Jan 4. PMID: 17665866 Turmeric and curcumin protect against gamma-radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 1999;19(1):9-18. PMID: 10321406 Turmeric and ginger work synergistically to suppress prostate cancer cell lines. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2012 Oct 12 ;0(0):1-8. Epub 2012 Oct 12. PMID: 23072849 Turmeric and green tea have significant apoptic effects in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Feb 15;15(4):1123-5. PMID: 19228716 Tetrahydrocurcumin protect against radiation-induced lipid peroxidation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2009 Dec;34(6):1093-7. PMID: 10803946 The anti-breast cancer activity of curcumin may be due in part to its down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor. Life Sci. 2007 May 16;80(23):2161-9. Epub 2007 Apr 21. PMID: 17499312 The dietary polyphenols trans-resveratrol and curcumin interact with cannabinoid receptors indicating their potential role in treating obesity and/or drug dependence. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1996 Jun;60(6):1000-5. PMID: 19359525 The natural compounds berberine, curcumin and picroliv are able to suppress the progression of virally induced leukemia. J Exp Ther Oncol. 2008;7(4):275-84. PMID: 19227007 The natural Nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitor curcumin may help to overcome drug resistance in human pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2006 Sep;5(9):2251-60. PMID: 16985059 The phytoestrogens quercetin, baicalein, genistein, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and curcumin are effective inhibitors of prostate tumor cell growth. Nutr Cancer. 2004;49(2):200-8. PMID: 15489213 The plant extracts curcumin, quercetin, green tea, balcalein, and luteolin offer protection and promote healing of neurological tissues Surg Neurol Int. 2012 ;3:19. Epub 2012 Feb 15. PMID: 22439110 The plant polyphenols curcumin, carnosic acid, and silibinin may work synergistically to inhibit acute myeloid leukemia cells. Nutr Cancer. 2010 Aug;62(6):811-24. PMID: 20661831 The polyphenols, epigallocatechin gallate, and catechin hydrate significantly attenuate quinolinic acid-induced excitotoxicity in human neurons. FEBS J. 2010 Jan;277(2):368-82. Epub 2009 Dec 10. PMID: 20015232 The role of cancer stem cells in the anti-carcinogenicity of curcumin. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2013 Jul 31. Epub 2013 Jul 31. PMID: 23900994 Theophylline and curcumin may restore corticosteroid insensitivity. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2007 Jun;11(6):745-55. PMID: 17504013 There is strong evidence to support the use of curcumin in retinal diseases, Crohn's disease and disorders related to the spinal cord. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004 Dec;130(12):1381-6. PMID: 15262811 Topic turmeric may have photoprotective properties. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2011 Dec ;10(4):260-5. PMID: 22151933 Topical application of curcumin (from Turmeric) may have therapeutic value in the treatment of scleroderma, psoriasis and skin cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007;595:343-57. PMID: 17569219 Topical application of curcumin was useful in reducing experimental corneal neovascularization and can be used to inhibit angiogenesis in the cornea. Curr Eye Res. 2010 Apr;35(4):274-80. PMID: 20373893 Topical curcumin can inhibit deleterious effects of upper respiratory tract bacteria on human oropharyngeal cells. Support Care Cancer. 2010 May 14. Epub 2010 May 14. PMID: 20467756 Topical curcumin with visible light may have therapeutic value in skin cancer. J Invest Dermatol. 2007 Aug;127(8):1992-2000. Epub 2007 Apr 5. PMID: 17410200 Trichostatin A works synergistically with curcumin to inhibit human leukemia cells. Pharmazie. 2006 Aug;61(8):710-6. PMID: 16964716 Tumeric contains compounds such as tumerones and curlone separate and distinct from curcumin which exhibit antibacterial activity. J Agric Food Chem. 1999 Oct;47(10):4297-300. PMID: 10552805 Turmeric and curcumin inhibit aflatoxin induced hemolysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2010 Jan 4. Epub 2010 Jan 4. PMID: 17665866 Turmeric and curcumin protect against gamma-radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 1999;19(1):9-18. PMID: 10321406 Turmeric and ginger work synergistically to suppress prostate cancer cell lines. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2012 Oct 12 ;0(0):1-8. Epub 2012 Oct 12. PMID: 23072849 Turmeric and green tea have significant apoptic effects in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Feb 15;15(4):1123-5. PMID: 19228716 --- **PATENTS** **Process for extracting curcumin** **CN103254050** The invention provides a process for extracting curcumin by a carbon dioxide supercritical extraction method. According to the process, curcumin is extracted from ginger by taking a supercritical carbon dioxide liquid as an extractant and 95% ethanol as an entrainer. The method adopted is simple in flow and convenient to operate. Separation is realized at the same time in the extraction process, and the method has no bad effect on production personnel and the environment. The yield and purity of curcumin are high. **Preparation method for extracting purified curcumin-related compounds from turmeric** **CN103193610** The invention discloses a preparation method for extracting purified curcumin-related compounds from turmeric. The process comprises the following steps of: performing water washing and crushing on the turmeric, performing multi-stage countercurrent extraction by using alcohol-amino acid water, performing chromatography through a macroporous resin column, performing gradient elution by using ethanol-water, collecting eluate, performing decompression, evaporation and concentration, and performing vacuum drying to obtain active ingredients, namely curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. The preparation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the alcohol-amino acid water is used for performing the multi-stage countercurrent extraction, the used macroporous resin can be utilized repeatedly, water and ethanol are taken as solvents, the preparation method is economic, simple and convenient, high-purity curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin can be conveniently obtained, the purity of each monomer compound is above 95%, the sample recovery rate is above 75%, the process flow is short, the operability is strong, the consumption of the solvents is low, the extraction rate is high, the stability of the extraction solution is good, obtained products can be widely used for the fields of medicines, foods and the like, and the preparation method is suitable for mass production. **High-yield water-based curcumin extraction method** **CN103130629** The invention relates to a high-yield water-based curcumin extraction method which comprises the following steps: (1) grinding curcuma, soaking with an alkaline water solution of 0-40 DEG C, stirring, extracting, then adding antioxidant, centrifuging, extracting 1-2 times, taking the supernatant, and adding acid to precipitate; and (2) adding an alcohol solution to dissolve the precipitate, centrifuging, adding water to obtain an alcohol dissolving liquid, purifying, concentrating, and drying to obtain curcumin. The curcumin content extracted by the invention can be up to 95%; the extraction and purification yield is more than 80%; and by taking water as extraction solvent, the method is economic, convenient and safe. Thus, the method provided by the invention is a high-yield and low-cost production process. **Method for extracting curcumin from turmeric** **CN102617316** The invention relates to a method for extracting curcumin from turmeric. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps that: the turmeric is cleanly cleaned and is then crushed into turmeric powder, the turmeric powder and extraction solvents are mixed according to a certain proportion and are then subjected to backflow extraction, next, the separation is carried out under certain conditions to remove heavy metals, and finally, the precipitates are separated and crystallized to obtain curcumin.; Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the heavy metal separation and purification flow process is simple and short, the risk of secondary pollution caused by the additional addition of absorption agents or absorption media is avoided, and the heavy metal residue of products can be purified to a degree that the lead content is lower than 1.0PPM, the cadmium content is lower than 1.0 PPM, the mercury content is lower than 0.10 PPM, and the arsenic content is lower than 0.10PPM. **Method for extracting and separating high-purity curcumin with low heavy-metal residues from turmeric** **CN102603505** The invention discloses a method for extracting and separating high-purity curcumin with low heavy-metal residues from turmeric. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly cleaning, drying and crushing turmeric into turmeric powder, and mixing the turmeric powder with an extraction solvent proportionally, heating, stirring and extracting; mixing extractive solutions, filtrating and separating, removing the filter residue to obtain filtrate, and concentrating the filtrate; cooling the remaining concentrated liquid, mixing the liquid with a crystallization solvent proportionally, and carrying out static crystallization in a suitable temperature range and filtrating the mixture to obtain wet crystal product; and finally mixing the crystallization solvent with water proportionally to prepare a mixed solvent, mixing the wet crystal product with the mixed solvent proportionally and recrystallizing, and separating to obtain high-purity curcumin with low heavy-metal residues. The technology provided by the invention can reduce the heavy metal content as much as possible while retaining effective natural ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine at the same time, and the technology has significant meaning in improving the standard system of safety control for traditional Chinese medicine, breaking the foreign technical barriers and really pushing traditional Chinese medicine to go onto the world market. **Method for extracting and separating curcumin and curcuma oil from carcuma longa** **CN102408320** The invention discloses a method for extracting and separating curcumin and curcuma oil from carcuma longa, which comprises the following steps of: grinding the carcuma longa into carcuma longa powder with particle size of 80-100 meshes; taking ethanol water solution as extractant for dynamic countercurrent extraction of the carcuma longa powder to obtain extraction solution, and concentrating to obtain concentrated solution; and adding the concentrated solution with plant oil extraction solvent for liquid-liquid extraction to obtain light phase containing curcuma oil and heavy phase containing curcumin. Compared with the prior art, the invention takes the ethanol water solution as the extractant and extracts the curcumin and the curcuma oil from the carcuma longa by employing the dynamic countercurrent extraction method, and the method has the advantages of simple operation, moderate extraction condition, low usage amount of solvent, short extraction time, few impurities in extraction solution and high extraction efficiency. **Process method for microwave assistant supercritical extraction of active ingredients of curcuma** **CN102100875** The invention discloses a process method for microwave assistant supercritical extraction of active ingredients of curcuma. In the method, the active ingredients, namely curcumin and fat soluble curcuma oil, of curcuma are extracted by the synergistic action of the microwave technology and the supercritical technology. The process method mainly comprises the following steps of: performing microwave intermittent sudden heating and then carbon dioxide (CO2) supercritical extraction; separating CO2 and curcuma oil in an analyzing kettle; and adding water or ethanol into curcuma residue in a solid-to-liquid weight ratio of 1:7-14, and performing microwave action, twice soaking, filtration, condensation and spray drying to obtain the curcumin.; The process method solves the problem that in the prior art, only single active ingredient can be extracted or the compositions of the extract are not balanced, and realizes the extraction of two main active ingredients, namely curcuma oil and curcumin, of the curcuma at the same time, and the yield is over 8 percent and 13 percent respectively. The process method is the physical method and has the advantages of no product pollution, high purity, low cost, simple process and easy mass production. **Extracting method for curcumin** **CN101831199** The invention discloses an extracting method for curcumin, comprising the following steps: pulverizing curcuma; pelleting the pulverized curcuma under the condition of introducing steam; and extracting particles obtained by pelleting with leach liquor. Since turmeric roots contain a large amount of starch which can be gelatinized in a manner of introducing steam for heating and has stickiness, thus the turmeric powder can be more compactly combined, has large rigidity, and is not easy to break; the prepared particles are provided with many micropores, and the solvent is easy to permeate, thus the extraction rate is high; and in addition, the gaps among the particles are larger than the gaps among the powdery materials, thus the solvent is more easy to permeate and the rate of filtration is high, thereby improving the extraction rate, the rate of filtration and the production efficiency. **Curcumin purification technique** **CN101774899** The invention relates to a curcumin purification technique. The technique adopts fresh curcuma longa as material, the curcuma longa is ground, squeezed and filtered, ethyl ether is added for extraction, so that volatile oil is removed, and after separation and purification conducted by way of cation exchange resin, membrane concentration and alumina column chromatography and recrystallization conducted by way of methanol, the product is obtained. The method has the advantages of high product purity, simple operation, high throughput and easy industrialized production. **Purification technology of curcumin compound** **CN101768061** The invention discloses a purification technology of a curcumin compound. Turmeric medicine serves as a raw material to be smashed and extracted by petroleum ether in a backflow mode; residue is subjected to ultrasound assistant extraction after warm immersing by sodium salicylate alcoholic solution; macroporous resin is added into extract to be separated and purified; mixture is eluted by acetone-2% glacial acetic acid (50:50); curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bisdemethoxy curcumin fraction are respectively collected; reagent is recovered and is respectively dissolved by a small quantity of acetone; water of which the amount is three times of acetone is quickly added to be decentralized; and supernate is removed, and the mixture is precipitated, frozen and dried to obtain the product. Curcumin A as well as preparation method thereof and applications to preparing medicaments for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases **Method for preparing curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin** **CN101585757** The present invention discloses a method for preparing curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, which comprises the following steps: continuously executing countercurrent extraction to the turmeric with the methanol-acid solution or ethanol-acid solution, after filtering the extracted solution, condensing into the oleoresin with the relative density of 0.9-1.2; placing the oleoresin on the chromatographic separation medium for gradient elution, and after fraction-collecting the eluent, respectively obtaining the curcumin crystal, demethoxycurcumin crystal and bisdemethoxycurcumin crystal after condensing. The invention adopts a technique in which HZ-816, HZ-818 or HZ-801 is used as the chromatographic separation medium and the alcohol-water is used as the elution solvent.; Three monomeric compounds of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin are simultaneously obtained. The purity of each monomeric compound is more than 95%, and the recovery rate of the sample is more than 70%. The method of the invention further has the advantages of less intercrossing of compounds in the separation process, short flow path, strong operability, low consumption of the solvent, high extraction rate and excellent stability of the extraction solution. Furthermore the obtained product can be widely applied for the fields of medicament, food, etc., and is suitable for large-scale production. **Method for extracting refined curcumin and curcuma oil from curcuma** **CN101445440** The invention relates to a method for extracting refined curcumin and curcuma oil from curcuma. The method comprises the following steps: the curcuma is cleaned, dried in the shade, crushed into 30-40 mesh curcuma powder, low-carbon alcohol and alkyl hydrocarbon are made into a mixed solvent at the volume ratio of 1:1-3, the curcuma powder and the mixed solvent are mixed at a weight ratio of 1:3-5 for extraction twice; the extracts are merged, filtered, separated and removed from dregs, the obtained filtrate is condensed, the concentration level is controlled at 60-90%, and the solvent is recovered; a separating agent containing 0-3% salt is added to the residual concentrated solution, the addition amount of the separating agent is 0.5-2 times of the volume of the concentrated solution, the obtained mixture is kept standing for demixing after evenly stirred; a supernatant is separated and condensed, and the alkyl hydrocarbon is recovered to obtain the curcuma oil; a subnatant is adsorbed by a macroporous absorbent resin, flushed to remove water soluble impurities, and eluted with a desorbent, the solvent is condensed and recovered to crystallize the curcumin, thus obtaining the curcumin with the content more than 95%. **Method for extracting and separating curcuma oil** **CN101407743** The invention relates to a method for extracting and separating turmeric oil, which comprises the step of extracting the turmeric oil from curcumas by using supercritical CO2, and is characterized in that the method also comprises the following steps: adopting first-step molecular distillation to separate curcumin and grease in the turmeric oil obtained by using the supercritical CO2 method; obtaining almost colorless turmeric essential oil under the conditions of operating pressure of 10 to 20Pa, distillation temperature of 70 to 90 DEG C, the rotation speed of a blade applicator of 200 to 300r/min and distillates of more than 75.0 percent. Adopting supercritical CO2 extraction and two-level molecular distillation, the method can effectively keep the natural ingredients of the turmeric oil, without bringing any pollution to the environment.; In addition, the method also realizes the separation of oxygenous sesquiterpene from sesquiterpene in the turmeric oil, which can be used directly as raw materials in the fields such as the cosmetics, food and pharmacy where different amounts of the oxygenous sesquiterpene and the sesquiterpene are needed. **Method for extracting and separating turmeric effective ingredient curcumin** **CN101468944** The invention discloses a method for extracting and separating curcumin as an effective constituent of turmeric, which belongs to the extraction and separation of traditional Chinese medicine effective constituents and technical application. The structural formula of the compound is as shown in a figure. The method for extracting and separating curcumin comprises the steps of grinding turmeric, adding alkali liquid for cold extraction, filtering, performing column chromatography through macroporous resin, performing gradient elution by use of ethanol and water, collecting eluent, reducing pressure, evaporating, concentrating and vacuum-drying the eluent, and obtaining the effective constituent, namely curcumin. The method has the advantages that the macroporous resin used in the method can be repeatedly utilized, and the method is economical and simple by taking water and ethanol as solvents, can conveniently obtain the extract with the effective constituent content not lower than 90 percent, and is easy to industrialize. ---