Thomas Townsend Brown: British Patent # 300,311 -- Gravitator

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**Thomas
Townsend BROWN**

**Gravitator**

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**["How I Control
Gravitation"](#control)**

**[British Patent # 300,311](#patent)**

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**"How I Control
Gravitation"**

by **T.T. Brown**

*Science & Invention* (August 1929) / *Psychic
Observer* 37(1)

There is a decided tendency in the physical
sciences to unify the great basic laws and to relate, by a
single structure or mechanism, such individual phenomena as
gravitation, electrodynamics and even matter itself. It is
found that matter and electricity are very closely related in
structure. In the final analysis matter loses its traditional
individuality and becomes merely an "electrical condition." In
fact, it might be said that the concrete body of the universe
is nothing more than an assemblage of energy which, in itself,
is quite intangible. Of course, it is self-evident that matter
is connected with gravitation and it follows logically that
electricity is likewise connected. These relations exist in
the realm of pure energy and consequently are very basic in
nature. In all reality *they constitute the true backbone
of the universe*. It is needless to say that the
relations are not simple, and full understanding of their
concepts is complicated by the outstanding lack of information
and research on the real nature of gravitation.

The theory of relativity introduced a new and
revolutionary light to the subject by injecting a new
conception of space and time. Gravitation thus becomes the
natural outcome of so-called "distorted space." It loses its
Newtonian interpretation as a tangible mechanical force and
gains the rank of an "apparent" force, due merely to the
condition of space itself.

Fields in space are produced by the presence of
material bodies or electric charges. They are gravitational
fields or electric fields according to their causes.
Apparently they have no connection one with the other. This
fact is substantiated by observations to the effect that
electric fields can be shielded and annulled while
gravitational fields are nearly perfectly penetrating. This
dissimilarity has been the chief hardship to those who would
compose a Theory of Combination.

It required Dr. Einstein's own close study for a
period of several years to achieve the results others have
sought in vain and to announce with certainty the unitary
field laws.

Einstein's field theory is purely mathematical.
It is not based on the results of any laboratory test and does
not, so far as known, predict any method by which an actual
demonstration or proof may be made. The new theory
accomplishes its purpose by "rounding out" the accepted
Principles of Relativity so as to embrace electrical
phenomena.

The Theory of Relativity thus supplemented
represents the last word in mathematical physics. It is most
certainly a theoretical structure of overpowering magnitude
and importance. The thought involved is so far reaching that
it may be many years before the work is fully appreciated and
understood.

**Early Investigations ~**

The writer and his colleagues anticipated the
present situation even as early as 1923, and began at that
time to construct the necessary theoretical bridge between the
two then separate phenomena, electricity and gravitation. The
first actual demonstration of the relation was made in 1924.
Observations were made of the individual and combined motions
of two heavy lead balls which were suspended by wires 45 cm.
apart. The balls were given opposite electrical charges and
the charges were maintained. Sensitive optical methods were
employed in measuring the movements, and as near as could be
observed the balls appeared to behave according to the
following law: "Any system of two bodies possesses a mutual
and unidirectional force (typically in the line of the bodies)
which is directly proportional to the product of the masses,
directly proportional to the potential difference and
inversely proportional to the square of the distance between
them."

The peculiar result is that the gravitational
field of the Earth had no apparent connection with the
experiment. The gravitational factors entered through the
consideration of the mass of the electrified bodies.

The newly discovered force was quite obviously
the resultant physical effect of an electro-gravitational
interaction. It represented the first actual evidence of the
very basic relationship. The force was named "gravitator
action" for want of a better term and the apparatus or system
of masses employed was called a "gravitator."

**Figure 1 ~**

![](00fig1.gif)

Since the time of the first test the apparatus
and the methods used have been greatly improved and
simplified. Cellular "gravitators" have taken the place of the
large balls of lead. Rotating frames supporting two and four
gravitators have made possible acceleration measurements.
Molecular gravitators made of solid blocks of massive
dielectric have given still greater efficiency. Rotors and
pendulums operating under oil have eliminated atmospheric
considerations as to pressure, temperature and humidity. The
disturbing effects of ionization, electron emission and pure
electro-statics have likewise been carefully analyzed and
eliminated. Finally after many years of tedious work and with
refinement of methods we succeeded in observing the
gravitational variations produced by the moon and sun and much
smaller variations produced by the different planets. It is a
curious fact that the effects are most pronounced when the
affecting body is in the alignment of the differently charged
elements and least pronounced when it is at right angles.

Much of the credit for this research is due to
Dr. Paul Biefield, Director of Swazey Observatory. The writer
is deeply indebted to him for his assistance and for his many
valuable and timely suggestions.

**Gravitator Action an Impulse ~**

Let us take, for example, the case of a
gravitator totally immersed in oil but suspended so as to act
as a pendulum and swing along the line of its elements.

**Figure 2 ~**

![](00fig2.gif)

When the direct current with high voltage
(75-300 kilovolts) is applied the gravitator swings up the arc
until its propulsive force balances the force of the earth's
gravity resolved to that point, then it stops, but it does not
remain there. The pendulum then gradually returns to the
vertical or starting position even while the potential is
maintained. The pendulum swings only to one side of the
vertical. Less than five seconds is required for the test
pendulum to reach the maximum amplitude of the swing but from
thirty to eighty seconds are required for it to return to
zero.

**Figure 3 ~**

![](00fig3.gif)

The total time or duration of the impulse varies
with such cosmic conditions as the relative position and
distance of the moon, sun and so forth. It is in no way
affected by fluctuations in the supplied voltage and averages
the same for every mass or material under test. The duration
of the impulse is governed solely by the condition of the
gravitational field. It is a value which is unaffected by
changes in the experimental set-up, voltage applied or type of
gravitator employed. Any number of different kinds of
gravitators operating simultaneously on widely different
voltages would reveal exactly the same impulse duration at any
instant. Over an extended period of time all gravitators would
show equal variations in the duration of the impulse.

**Figure 4 ~**

![](00fig4.gif)

After the gravitator is once fully discharged,
its impulse exhausted, the electrical potential must be
removed for at least five minutes in order that it may
recharge itself and regain its normal gravitic condition. The
effect is much like that of discharging and charging a storage
battery, except that electricity is handled in a reverse
manner. When the duration of the impulse is great the time
required for complete recharge is likewise great. The times of
discharge and recharge are always proportional. Technically
speaking, the exo-gravitic rate and the endo-gravitic rate are
proportional to the gravitic capacity.

Summing up the observations of the
electro-gravitic pendulum the following characteristics are
noted:

APPLIED VOLTAGE determines only the amplitude of
the swing.

APPLIED AMPERAGE is only sufficient to overcome
leakage and maintain the required voltage through the losses
of the dielectric. Thus the total load approximates on 37
ten-millionths of an ampere. It apparently has no other
relation to the movement at least from the present state of
physics.

MASS of the dielectric is a factor in
determining the total energy involved in the impulse. For a
given amplitude an increase in mass is productive of an
increase in the energy exhibited by the system (E = mg).

DURATION OF THE IMPULSE with electrical
conditions maintained is independent of all of the foregoing
factors. It is governed solely by external gravitational
conditions, positions of the moon, sun, etc., and represents
the total energy or summation of energy values which are
effective at that instant.

**Figure 5 ~**

![](00fig5.gif)

GRAVITATIONAL ENERGY LEVELS are observable as
the pendulum returns from the maximum deflection to the zero
point or vertical position. The pendulum hesitates in its
return movement on definite levels or steps. The relative
position and influence of these steps vary continuously every
minute of the day. One step or energy value corresponds in
effect to each cosmic body that is influencing the electrified
mass or gravitator. By merely tracing a succession of values
over a period of time a fairly intelligible record of the
paths and the relative gravitational effects of the moon, sun,
etc., may be obtained.

In general then, every material body possesses
inherently within its substance separate and distinct energy
levels corresponding to the gravitational influences of every
other body. these levels are readily revealed as the
electro-gravitic impulse dies and as the total gravitic
content of the body is slowly released.

**Figure 6 ~**

![](00fig6.gif)

The gravitator, in all reality, is a very
efficient electric motor. Unlike other forms of motors it does
not in any way involve the principles of electromagnetism, but
instead it utilizes the newer principles of
electro-gravitation. A simple gravitator has no moving parts
but is apparently capable of moving itself from within itself.
it is highly efficient for the reason that it uses no gears,
shafts, propellers or wheels in creating its motive power. It
has no internal resistance and no observable rise in
temperature. Contrary to the common belief that gravitational
motors must necessarily be vertical-acting the gravitator, it
is found, acts equally well in every conceivable direction.

While the gravitator is at present primarily a
scientific instrument, perhaps even an astronomical
instrument, it also is rapidly advancing to a position of
commercial value. Multi-impulse gravitators weighing hundreds
of tons may propel the ocean liners of the future. Smaller and
more concentrated units may propel automobiles and even
airplanes. Perhaps even the fantastic "space cars" and the
promised visit to Mars may be the final outcome. Who can tell?

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**British Patent #
300,311 (Nov. 15, 1928)**

**A Method of & an Apparatus or
Machine for Producing Force or Motion**

I, Thomas Townsend Brown, a
citizen of the USA, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement: ---

This invention relates to a method of
controlling gravitation and for deriving power therefrom, and
to a method of producing linear force or motion. The method is
fundamentally electrical.

The invention also relates to machines or
apparatus requiring electrical energy that control or
influence the gravitational field or the energy of
gravitation; also to machines or apparatus requiring
electrical energy that exhibit a linear force or motion which
is believed to be independent of all frames of reference save
that which is at rest relative to the universe taken as a
whole, and said linear force or motion is furthermore believed
to have no equal and opposite reaction that can be observed by
any method commonly known and accepted by the physical science
to date.

The invention further relates to machines or
apparatus that depend for their force action or motive power
on the gravitational field or energy of gravitation that is
being controlled or influenced as above stated; also, to
machines or apparatus that depend for their force action or
motive power on the linear force action or motive power on the
linear force or motion exhibited by such machines or apparatus
previously mentioned.

The invention further relates to machines and
apparatus that derive usable energy or power from the
gravitational field or from the energy of gravitation by
suitable arrangement, using such machines and apparatus as
first above stated as principal agents.

To show the universal adaptability of my novel
invention, said method is capable of practical performance and
use in connection with motors for automobiles, space cars,
ships, railway locomotion, prime movers for power
installations, aeronautics. Still another field is the use of
the method and means enabling the same to function as a
gravitator weight changer. Specific embodiments of the
invention will be duly disclosed through the medium of the
present Specification.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, forming
part of this Specification:

Figure 1 is an elevation, with accompanying
descriptive data, broadly illustrating the characteristic or
essential elements associated with any machine or apparatus in
the use of which the gravitational field or the energy of
gravitation is utilized and controlled, or in the use of which
linear force or motion may be produced.

![](0fig1.gif)

Figure 2 is a similar view of
negative and positive electrodes with an interposed insulating
member, constituting an embodiment of the invention.

![](0fig2.gif)

Figure 3 is a similar view of
a cellular gravitator composed of a plurality of cell units
connected in series, capable of use in carrying the invention
into practice.

![](0fig3.gif)

Figure 4 is an elevation of
positive and negative electrodes diagrammatically depicted to
indicate their relation and use when conveniently placed and
disposed within a vacuum tube.

![](0fig4.gif)

Figure 5 and 5' are
longitudinal sectional views showing my gravitator units
embodies in vacuum tube form wherein heating to incandescence
is permitted as by electrical resistance or induction at the
negative electrode; and also permitting, where desired, the
conducting of excessive heat away from the anode or positive
electrode by means of air or water cooling devices.

![](0fig5.gif)![](0fig5a.gif)

Figure 6 is an elevation or an
embodiment of my invention in a rotary or wheel type of motor
utilizing the cellular gravitators illustrated in Figure 3.

![](0fig6.gif)

Figure 7 is a view similar to
Figure 6 of another wheel form or rotary type of motor
involving the use of the gravitator units illustrated in
Figure 5, or Figure 5'.

![](0fig7.gif)

Figure 8 is a perspective view
partly in section of the cellular gravitator of Figure 3
illustrating the details thereof.

![](0fig8.gif)

Figures 9, 10 and 10a are
detail views of the cellular gravitator.

![](0fig9.gif)![](0fig10.gif)![](0fig10a.gif)

Figure 11 is a view similar to
Figure 3 with the same idea incorporated in a rotary motor.

![](0fig11.gif)

Figures 12 and 13 are detail
views thereof.

![](0fig12.gif)  
![](0fig13.gif)

The general showing in Figure
1 will make clear how my method for controlling or influencing
the gravitational field or the energy of gravitation, or for
producing linear force or motion, is utilized by any machine
or apparatus having the characteristics now to be pointed out.

Such a machine has two major
parts A and B. These parts may be composed of any material
capable of being charged electrically. Mass A and mass B may
be termed electrodes A and B respectively. Electrode A is
charged negatively with respect to electrode B, or what is
substantially the same, electrode B is charged positively with
respect to electrode A, or what is usually the case, electrode
A has an excess of electrons while electrode B has an excess
of protons.

While charged in this manner
the total force of A toward B is the sum of force *g*
(due to the normal gravitational field) and force *c*
(due to the imposed electrical field) and force *x* (due
to the resultant of unbalanced gravitational forces caused by
the electronegative charge or by the presence of an excess of
electrons on electrode A and by the electro-positive charge or
the presence of an excess of protons on electrode B.

By the cancellation of similar
and opposing forces and by the addition of similar and allied
forces the two electrodes taken collectively possess a force 2*x*
in the direction of B. This force 2*x* shared by both
electrodes exists as a tendency of these electrodes to move or
accelerate in the direction of the force, that is, A toward B
and B away from A. Moreover any machine or apparatus
possessing electrodes A and B will exhibit such a lateral
acceleration or motion of free to move. Such a motion is
believed to be due to the direct control and influence of the
energy of gravitation by the electrical energy which exists in
the unlike electrical charges present on the affected
electrodes. This motion seems to possess no equal or opposite
motion that is detectable by the present day mechanics.

It is to be understood that in
explaining the theory underlying my invention I am imparting
by best understanding of that theory, derived from practical
demonstration by the use of appropriate apparatus made in
keeping with the teachings of the present Specification. The
practice of the method, and apparatus aiding in the
performance of the method, have been successful as herein
disclosed, and the breadth of my invention and discovery is
such as to embrace any corrected or more refined theory that
may be found to underlie the phenomena which I believe myself
to be the first to discover and put to practical service.

In this Specification I have
used terms as "gravitator cells" and "gravitator cellular
body" which are words of my own coining in making reference to
the particular type of cell I employ in the present invention.
Wherever the construction involves a pair of electrodes,
separated by an insulating plate or member, such construction
complies with the term gravitator cells, and when two or more
gravitator cells are connected in series within a body, such
will fall within the meaning of gravitator cellular body.

In Figure 2 the electrodes A
and B are shown as having placed between them an insulating
plate or member C of suitable material, such that the minimum
number of electrons or ions may successfully penetrate it.
This constitutes a cellular gravitator consisting of one
gravitator cell.

A cellular gravitator,
consisting of more than one cell, will have the cell units
connected in series. This type is illustrated in Figure 3, D
being insulating members and E suitable conducting plates. It
will be readily appreciated that many different arrangements
for cell units, each possessing distinct advantages, may be
resorted to.

One arrangement, such as just
referred to, is illustrated in Figure 6of the drawings. Here
the cells designated F are grouped in spaced relation and
placed evenly around the circumference of a wheel G. Each
group of cells F possesses a linear acceleration and the wheel
rotates as a result of the combined forces. It will be
understood that, the cells being spaced substantial distances
apart, the separation of adjacent positive and negative
elements of separate cells is greater than the separation of
the positive and negative elements of any cell, and the
materials of which the cells are formed being the more readily
affected by the phenomena underlying my invention than the
mere space between adjacent cells, any forces existing between
positive and negative elements of adjacent cells can never
become of sufficient magnitude to neutralize or balance the
force created by the respective cells adjoining said spaces.
The uses to which such a motor, wheel or rotor may be put are
practically limitless, as can be readily understood without
further description. The structure may suitably be called a
gravitator motor of cellular type.

In keeping with the purpose of
my invention, an apparatus may employ the electrodes A and B
within a vacuum tube. This aspect of the invention is shown in
Figures 4 and 5. In Figure 4 the electrodes are such as are
adapted to be placed within a vacuum tube H (Figure 5), the
frame and mounting being well within the province of the
skilled artisan. Electrons, ions, or thermions can migrate
readily from A to B. The construction may be appropriately
termed an electronic, ionic, or thermionic gravitator as the
case may be.

In certain of the last named
types of gravitator units, it is desirable or necessary to
heat to incandescence the whole or part of electrode A to
obtain better emission of negative thermions or electrons or
at least to be able to control that emission by variation in
the temperature of said electrode A. Since such variations
also influence the magnitude of the longitudinal force or
acceleration exhibited by the tube, it proves to be a very
convenient method of varying the motion of the tube. The
electrode A may be heated to incandescence in any convenient
way as by the ordinary methods utilizing electrical resistance
or electrical induction, an instance of the former being shown
at J (Figure 5), and an instance of the latter at J' (Figure
5'), the vacuum tube in Figure 5' being designated H'.

Moreover, in certain types of
the gravitator units, now being considered, it is advantageous
or necessary also to conduct away from the anode of positive
electrode B excessive heat that may be generated during the
operation of tube H or H'. Such cooling is effected externally
by means of air or water-cooled flanges that are in thermo
connection with the anode, or it is effected internally by
passing a stream of water, air or other fluid through a hollow
anode made especially for that purpose. Air cooled flanges are
illustrated at K (Figure 5) and a hollow anode for the
reception of a cooling liquid or fluid (as air or water) as
shown at K' (Figure 5'). These electronic, ionic or thermionic
gravitator units may be grouped in any form productive of a
desired force action or motion. One such form is the
arrangement illustrated in Figure 7 where the particular
gravitator units in question are indicated at L, disposed
around a wheel or rotary motor similarly to the arrangement of
the gravitator motor of cellular type shown in Figure 6, the
difference being that in Figure 7, the electronic, ionic, or
thermionic gravitator units are utilized. This motor may
appropriately be designated as a gravitator motor of the
electronic, ionic, or thermionic type, respectively.

The gravitator motors of
Figure 6 and 7 may be supplied with the necessary electrical
energy for the operation and resultant motion thereof from
sources outside and independent of the motor itself. In such
instances they constitute external or independently excited
motors. On the other hand, the motors when capable of creating
sufficient power to generate by any method whatsoever all the
electrical energy required therein for the operation of said
motors are distinguished by being internal or self-excited.
Here, it will be understood that the energy created by the
operation of the motor may at times be vastly in excess of the
energy required to operate the motor. In some instances the
ratio may even be as high as a million to one. Inasmuch as any
suitable means for supplying the necessary electrical energy,
and suitable conducting means for permitting the energy
generated by the motor to exert the expected influence on the
same may be readily supplied, it is now deemed necessary to
illustrate the details herein. In said self-excited motors the
energy necessary to overcome the friction or other resistance
in the physical structure of the apparatus, and even to
accelerate the motors against such resistance, is believed to
be derived solely from the gravitational field or the energy
of gravitation. Furthermore, said acceleration in the
self-excited gravitator motor can be harnessed mechanically so
as to produce usable energy or power, said usable energy or
power, as aforesaid, being derived from or transferred by the
apparatus solely from the energy of gravitation.

The gravitator motors function
as a result of the mutual and unidirectional forces exerted by
their charged electrodes. The direction of these forces and
the resultant motion thereby produced are usually toward the
positive electrode. This movement is practically linear. It is
this primary action with which I deal.

As has already been pointed
out herein, there are two ways in which this primary action
can accomplish mechanical work. First, by operating in a
linear path as it does naturally, or second, by operating in a
curved path. Since the circle is the most easily applied of
all the geometric figures, it follows that the rotary form is
the most important. While other forms may be built it has been
considered necessary to explain and illustrate only the linear
and rotary forms.

The linear form of cellular
gravitator is illustrated in detail in Figures 8, 9 and 10. It
is built up of a number of metallic plates alternated or
staggered with sheets of insulating material (Figure 3). Each
pair of plates so separated by insulation act as one
gravitator cell, and each plate exhibits the desired force
laterally. The potential is applied on the end plates and the
potential is divided equally among the cells. Each metallic
plate in the system possesses a force usually toward the
positively charged terminus, and the system as a whole moves
or tends to move in that direction. It is a linear motor, and
the line of its action is parallel to the line of its
electrodes.

There are three general rules
to follow in the construction of such motors. First, the
insulating sheets should be as thin as possible and yet have a
relatively high puncture voltage. It is advisable also to use
paraffin-insulated insulators on account of their high
specific resistance. Second, the potential difference between
any tow metallic plates should be as high as possible and yet
be safely under the minimum puncture voltage of the insulator.
Third, there should, in most cases, be as many plates as
possible in order that the saturation voltage of the system
might be raised well above the highest limit upon which the
motor is operated. Reference has previously been made to the
fact that in the preferred embodiment of the invention herein
disclosed the movement is toward the positive electrode.
However, it will be clear that motion may be had in the
reverse direction determined by what I have just termed
"saturation voltage", by which is meant the efficiency peak or
maximum of action for that particular type of motor; the
theory, as I may describe it, being that as the voltage is
increased the force or action increases to a maximum which
represents the greatest action in a negative-to-positive
direction. If the voltage were increased beyond that maximum
the action would decrease to zero and thence to the
positive-to-negative direction.

Referring more specifically to
Figures 8, 9 and 10, red fiber end plates 1 act as supports
and end insulators, and the first metallic plate 2 (for
example aluminum) is connected electrically, through the fiber
end plate, with the terminal 5. The second insulating sheet 3
is composed, for example, of varnished cambric, sometimes
known as "empire cloth". The relative size and arrangement of
the metallic plate and insulating sheets are best seen in
Figures 9 and 10. A paraffin filler H is placed between
adjacent insulating sheets and around the edges of the
metallic plates (Figure 10a) and 6 represents a thin paraffin
coating over the whole motor proper. 7 and 8 indicate
successive layers of "empire cloth" or similar material, and 9
is a binding tape therefore. A thin film of a substance such
as black spirit varnish 10 protects and insulates the entire
outer surface. A phosphor bronze safety gap element 11 is
connected electrically with the terminal (not shown) opposite
to the terminal 5. A safety gap element corresponding with the
element 11 is electrically connected with the terminal 5, but
it has not been shown, in order better to illustrate interior
parts. The purpose of the safety gaps is to limit the voltage
imposed on the motor to the predetermined maximum and to
prevent puncture.

The rotary motor (Figures 11,
12 and 13) comprises broadly speaking, an assembly of a
plurality of linear motors, fastened to or bent around the
circumference of a wheel. In that case the wheel limits the
action of the linear motors to a circle, and the wheel rotates
in the manner of a fireworks pinwheel. The illustrations I
have given are typical. The forms of Figur3s 6 and 7 have been
defined. In Figure 11, the insulating end disk 1a has an
opening 2a therethrough for an extension of the shaft 12. The
disk 1a is secured to a suitable insulating motor shell, by
fiber bolts or screws in any convenient manner, there being
another of these disks at the opposite end of the shell, in
the same manner as the opposite end plates 1 in Figure 8. The
cells are built upon an insulating tube 11a disposed about the
shaft-space 3a. Thick insulating wedges 4a separate the four
linear motors illustrated. These thick insulating wedges,
so-called, are substantially greater in body than the
aggregate insulating sheets of the units. In some instances,
however, dependent upon materials employed for the charged
elements and the insulating members, this need not necessarily
be the case. In each motor of this circular series of motors,
there are the alternate sheets of insulation 5a associated
with the alternate metallic plates 6a; paraffin fillers 71
along the edges of the plates 6a and between the insulating
sheets 5a being employed similarly to the use of paraffin in
Figure 8. The rotary motor is encircled by metallic
(preferably copper) collector rings 10a, which are connected
with the end metallic plates of the separate linear motors at
9a and 13 (Figure 12), one of these connections 9 being shown
in detail where the insulating tube is cut away at 8 (Figure
11).

It is unnecessary herein to
illustrate a housing or bearings because any insulated housing
and good ball bearings, conveniently supplied, will complete
the motor. The potential is applied to the safety gap mounted
on the housing and thence is conducted to the collector rings
of the motor by means of sliding brushes.

While I have in the foregoing
Specification outlined, in connection with the broader aspects
of my invention, certain forms and details, I desire it
understood that specific details have been referred to for the
purpose of imparting a full and clear understanding of the
invention, and not for the purposes of limitation, because it
should be apparent that many changes in construction and
arrangement, and many embodiments of the invention, other than
those illustrated, are possible without departing from the
spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.

Having now particularly
described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that
what I clam is:

(1) A method of producing
force or motion, which comprises the step of aggregating the
predominating gravitational lateral or linear forces of
positive and negative charges which are so cooperatively
related as to eliminate or practically eliminate the effect of
similar and opposing forces which said charges exert.

(2) A method of producing
force or motion, in which a mechanical or structural part is
associated with at lest two electrodes or the like, of which
the adjacent electrodes or the like have charges of differing
characteristics, the resultant, predominating uni-directional
gravitational force of said electrodes or the like being
utilized to produce linear force or a motion of said part.

(3) A method according to
Claim 1 or 2, in which the predominating force of the charges
or electrodes is due to the normal gravitational field and the
imposed electrical field.

(4) A method according to
Claim 1, 2, or 3, in which the electrodes or other elements
bearing the charges are mounted, preferably rigidly, on a body
or support adapted to move or exert force in the general
direction of alignment of the electrodes or other
charge-bearing elements.

(5) A machine or apparatus for
producing force or motion, which includes at least two
electrodes or like element adapted to be differently charged,
so relatively arranged that they produce a combined linear
force or motion in the general direction of their alignment.

(6) A machine according to
Claim 5, in which the electrodes are mounted, preferably
rigidly, on a mechanical or structural part, whereby the
predominating uni-directional force obtained from the
electrodes or the like is adapted to move said part or to
oppose forces tending to move it counter to the direction in
which it would be moved by the action of the electrodes or the
like.

(7) A machine according to
Calim 5 or 6, in which the energy necessary for charging the
electrodes of the like is obtained either from the electrodes
themselves or from an independent source.

(8) A machine according to
Claim 5, 6, or 7, whose force action or gravitational power
depends in part on the gravitational field or energy of
gravitation, which is controlled or influenced by the action
of the electrodes or the like.

(9) A machine according to any
of Claims 5 to 8, in the form of a motor including a
gravitator cell or gravitator cellular body, substantially as
described.

(10) A machine according to
Claim 9, in which the gravitator cellular body or an assembly
of the gravitator cells is mounted on a wheel-like support,
whereby rotation of the latter may be effected, said cells
being of electronic, ionic or thermionic type.

(11) A method of controlling
or influencing the gravitational field or the energy of
gravitation and for deriving energy or power therefrom
comprising the use of at least two masses differently
electrically charged, whereby the surrounding gravitational
field is affected or distorted by the imposed electrical field
surrounding said charged masses, resulting in a
uni-directional force being exerted on the system of charged
masses in the general direction of the alignment of the
masses, which system when permitted to move in response to
said force in the above mentioned direction derives and
accumulates as the result of said movement usable energy or
power from the energy of gravitation or the gravitational
field which is so controlled, influenced, or distorted.

(12) A method of and the
machine or apparatus for producing force or motion by
electrically controlling or influencing the gravitational
field or energy of gravitation, substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

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