Intermittent Absorption Refrigeration ~ Select articles,
abstracts, Google search results, and patents


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**Intermittent
Absorption Refrigeration**


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> ***International Journal of Energy
> Research*  26 (9): 825 - 835 (2002)**
>
>
> **Operational
> Results of an Intermittent Absorption Cooling Unit**
>   
> **Ali R. El-Ghalban**\*
>
> Department of Mechanical Power Engineering, Faculty of
> Engineering, Menufia University, Shebin El-kaum, Egypt   
> **email:** Ali R. El-Ghalban (aghalban@hotmail.com)   
> Correspondence to Ali R. El-Ghalban, Department of Mechanical
> Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Menufia University,
> Shebin El-Kaum, Egypt
>
> The concept of solar cooling is appealing because the cooling
> load is in phase with the intensity of solar energy. Many
> system arrangements or cycles are employed to achieve solar
> cooling, such as Absorption, desiccant or Rankine-vapour
> compression systems. The technical feasibility of driving an
> absorption-cooling unit by a low-temperature heat source (such
> as solar energy using a simple flat-plate collector) for
> air-conditioning applications is investigated in this work.
>
> This study aims to design and construct a prototype for an
> intermittent absorption refrigeration system and to examine
> its implementation. The operating characteristics of the
> considered unit are extensively investigated. In order to
> accomplish this strategy, the prototype was integrated in a
> test rig designed for this purpose and equipped with the
> necessary measuring instruments to determine the required
> operating criteria of the unit. The energy added or extracted
> to or from the different unit components is calculated and the
> system performance is analysed.
>
> The C.O.P of the unit is found to be 19% which is 2% lower
> than the designed value, which could be regarded as an
> encouraging result for more studies in this field. Copyright (c)
> 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

> ---
>
> **<http://igi.uni.edu.pe/indextecnia/02-9-2.htm>**
>
> **EVALUACION Y DISENO PRELIMINAR DE UN PROTOTIPO
> EXPERIMENTAL DE REFRIGERACION POR ADSORCION**
>
> Miguel Ramos, Manfred Horn, Rafael Espinoza   
> **Centro de Energias Renovables y Uso Racional de la Energia**
>   
> E-mail: mramos@uni.edu.pe/ cer@uni.edu.pe
>
> **Abstract ---** This paper presents some
> of the experimental evaluations of a prototype **solar
> refrigerator**, based on an intermitent thermodynamic
> cyele of adsorption, using water as refrigerator and the
> mineral zeolithe as adsorber: The objective is to analyse
> the advantages and disadvantages of the eventual use in
> rural regions of Peru. On the bases of the results obtained,
> a new prototype of refrigerator for rural regions is
> designed, based on the same thermodynamic cyele...including
> changes in design and operarian.
>
> ---

> ***Renewable Energy*** 6 (7) 867-882 (October, 1995)
>
>
> **Adaptation of an
> adsorptive solar refrigerator to Moroccan climates**
>
> Bentayeb, F.a; Lemmini, F.a;
> Guilleminot, J. J.b
>
> a. Laboratoire d'Energie Solaire,
> Faculte des Sciences, B.P. 1014, Rabat, Morocco   
> b. LIMSI CNRS, B.P. 30, 91406 Orsay,
> France
>
> In this paper, we introduce a model
> taking account of the real operation of an adsorptive solar
> refrigerator using activated carbon-methanol pairs, as a
> function of the climatic conditions: ambient temperature and
> insolation. The model is used to simulate the operation of
> the refrigerator in two Moroccan climates: Rabat, temperate
> and humid, and Marrakech, dry and hot. The numerical
> simulation shows that the behaviour of the refrigerator is
> different from one climate to the other. In Rabat, which has
> a Mediterranean climate, the cold room temperature can be
> maintained at a value practically always less than 5 degC;
> whereas in Marrakech, which has a pre-Saharan climate, an
> overheating problem can arise in the summer season and
> temperatures in the cold room can reach 17 degC. Results also
> show that in both climates we are confronted with the
> problem of freezing because the cold room temperatures can
> be less than 0 degC and reach -15 degC in the winter.
>
> Elsevier Science   
> Item: 0960-1481(94)E0020-6   
> ISSN: 0960-1481
>
> ---
>
> ***Solar Energy*** 60 (2): 77-87 (February, 1997)
>
> **Design
> optimization of the flat plate collector for a solid
> absorption solar refrigerator**
>
> **Enibe, S. O.a; Iloeje,
> O. C.a**
>
> a. National Centre for Energy Research
> and Development and Department of Mechanical Engineering,
> University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
>
> A study of the effects of various
> collector design parameters on the performance of a solar
> powered solid absorption refrigerator is presented. The
> refrigerator uses specially treated CaCl2 as
> absorbent and NH3 as refrigerant and operates
> intermittently in a diurnal cycle. The study is undertaken
> using version 4.0 of a simulation programme, COSSOR,
> developed from a transient analysis of the system. A large
> number of simulations was undertaken to test the performance
> of the refrigerator for various choices of the collector
> design parameters. The latter include the plate emissivity
> and material; absorbent pellet diameter, thermal
> conductivity and packing density; collector tube size,
> spacing and material; and number of glazing. The
> refrigerator performance indicators, namely total condensate
> yield, mass of ice produced, coefficient of performance and
> effective cooling, are presented for the range of values of
> the collector parameters of interest. Using a multiple
> linear regression technique, the performance indicators are
> correlated with the collector parameters by simple linear
> polynomial expressions. An objective function, suitable for
> selecting optimal values of the parameters, is defined,
> subject to specified constraints. Optimization was then
> carried out for the objective function. For the collector
> with steel tubes and steel plate, the refrigerator
> coefficient of performance obtained with optimal choices of
> tube size, spacing and plate emissivity is 0.073,
> representing an improvement of at least 30% with respect to
> the reference collector. A similar level of improvement was
> obtained for a collector with aluminium tubes and plate.
>
> ---
>
> [**http://www.ulb.ac.be/ceese/STAFF/safonov/ISEERC2001/Abstract/Vasiliev\_et\_al.htm**](http://www.ulb.ac.be/ceese/STAFF/safonov/ISEERC2001/Abstract/Vasiliev_et_al.htm)
>
> **Solar/gas sorption heat pumps and
> refrigerators-nature friendly heat transport systems**
>
> **L.L. Vasiliev, D.A.Mishkinis, A.A. Antukh, L.L. Vasiliev
> Jr.**   
> Luikov Heat & Mass Transfer Institute, National Academy
> of Sciences, Minsk, Belarus.
>
> An advanced active carbon fiber(salts) /NH3 heat
> pumps and refrigerators with dual sources of energy
> (solar/gas, solar/electricity) are considered for providing
> space heating, cooling and sanitary hot water for buildings.
> The high temperature sources of the energy are solar and
> gas/electricity. The low temperature sources of energy are -
> the ground water, soil, and air. The new refrigerators and
> heat pumps generation includes combination of chemicals with
> an active carbon fiber to increase NH3 sorption
> capacity. The general goal of this paper is to present the
> results of an investigation of a new environmentally friendly
> thermal machines. In these designes a physical adsorption and
> chemical reactions are used simultaneously for a heat and cold
> generation. A **solar refrigerator** and heat pump is made
> of a solar collector, absorbed natural gas vessel (ANG), and
> compact, portable heating/refrigeration system, which consists
> of two small adsorbers with heat pipe heat recovery system.
>
> ---
>
> **Energy Conversion and Management** 44 (2): 301-312
> (January 2003)
>
> **Review of solid adsorption solar
> refrigerator I: an overview of the refrigeration cycle**
>
> **E. E. Anyanwu**
>
> el.: +234-83-230-974; email: eanyanwu@futo.edu.ng   
> Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of
> Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
>
> **Abstract ---** A review of the practically realized
> solid adsorption solar refrigeration cycles is presented. The
> cycles also have potentials for use as heat pumps. They have
> been classified according to the adsorbate utilized as: cycles
> with water as refrigerant, cycles using fluorocarbon as
> refrigerant, cycles using ammonia as refrigerant and cycles
> with alcohols as refrigerant. The performances of these
> refrigeration cycles, drawn from experiences worldwide, are
> also reported. The actual field testing experiences, together
> with the technical and economic constraints that affect
> popularization of the systems are reviewed, and their possible
> solutions are suggested.
>
> ---
>
> **Small Power Systems**   
> **74550 Dobie Lane**   
> **Covelo, CA 95428**
>
> **Call: 800-972-7179**   
> **FAX: 707-983-6525**   
> **Email: SPS@pacific.net**
>
> **Solar Absorption
> Refrigerator**
>
> ***Small Power Systems*** has developed a
> non-electric solar refrigerator-freezer. The refrigerator uses
> an aqua-ammonia absorption system similar to that used in
> propane refrigerators. The refrigerator consists of two
> separate units; the solar collector-generator and the
> refrigerator box.
>
> The collector-generator consists of a thermal solar collector
> and most of the refrigeration works. It measures about 5' x
> 4'x 1' and weighs over 100 lbs. It needs to be mounted in a
> sunny location, the same as any solar collector.
>
> The refrigerator box is the refrigerator per se and can be
> placed wherever is convenient, presumably the kitchen.
>
> When the sun shines, the collector-generator produces ammonia
> refrigerant which is stored until night when the actual
> cooling takes place. To keep the refrigerator cold through the
> day and during cloudy weather, there is built-in storage
> sufficient for five days. There are no moving parts.
>
> In use, our solar refrigerator is little different from any
> other refrigerator. It even has automatic defrost. Currently,
> the drawbacks are slightly higher freezer temperatures and a
> greater temperature variation since there is only one cycle
> per day.
>
> We are currently building a very limited number of these
> refrigerators for customers who are willing to work with us on
> the design and put up with the idiosyncrasies of our current
> work. We do not currently have a date when we might have
> refrigerators in quantity. The interest in these refrigerators
> has exceeded our expectations and we are wondering on what
> scale to proceed. The cost is also an unknown, but roughly the
> cost of a Sunfrost not counting installation is an estimate.
>
> The current plan is to build units 30" wide and 48" and 70"
> tall. We are also prototyping a very small unit where the
> refrigerator box is under the solar collector so it is all one
> unit that is left outside. This is meant to be used for
> vaccines and to be as low cost and simple as possible. We do
> not plan to include a freezer except limited ice-making
> capacity, as this simplifies the design. This may be the first
> model to be generally available.
>
> Since there has been a lot of interest in North America which
> wasn't our original design area, we have been looking
> seriously at auxiliary cooling for prolonged cloudy spells. We
> are trying an external heat pipe for colder locations and
> thermoelectric cooling for warmer locations. These have the
> advantage of being relatively inexpensive and can be offered
> as add-ons instead of requiring extensive redesigning. Even
> though propane is a natural, it seems too difficult to
> implement at present.
>
> We are also considering two technologies which would add to
> the expense but make a better product. Even though Owens
> Corning has canceled their Aura vacuum panel insulation
> production, others are working on similar products. The
> advantage is better insulation and thinner walls, resulting in
> a smaller cabinet. The disadvantages are higher cost and no
> guarantees that the product will be able to hold its vacuum
> for extended time. Guarantees with most products are under 5
> years at present.
>
> The other technology we are considering is keeping the cold
> storage outside at the solar collector and using a pump to
> circulate the cold into the refrigerator. This would add
> significantly to the expense and require electricity, but
> would simplify installation and keep ammonia out of the living
> space.
>
> We feel that safety, particularly in transportation and
> installation is a significant issue that needs to be
> thoroughly looked into before we can offer these refrigerators
> to the general public, and this will take time.
>
> ---
>
> **Some Recommended Links to
> Intermittent Absorption Refrigeration:**
>
> [**http://www.mmsunshine4.freeserve.co.uk/ebmip/n1.htm**](http://www.mmsunshine4.freeserve.co.uk/ebmip/n1.htm)  
> [**http://rcl.eng.ohio-state.edu/~christ-r/ceat/theory/theory.html**](http://rcl.eng.ohio-state.edu/%7Echrist-r/ceat/theory/theory.html)  
> [**http://www.linkhoek.nl/industrie/absorption-refrigeration.html**](http://www.linkhoek.nl/industrie/absorption-refrigeration.html)
>
> ---

**Patents**

**US Patent # 5,272,891 ~ Intermittent Sorption Cycle with
Integral Thermosyphon**

![](5272891.gif)

**US Patent # 4,966,014 ~ Solar Absorption Refrigeration**


![](4966014.gif)

**US Patent # 4,744,224 ~ Intermittent Solar Ammonia
Absorption Cycle Refrigerator**

![](4744224.gif)

**US Patent # 4,623,018 ~ Thermal System based on Thermally
Coupled Intermittent Absorption Heat Pump Cycles**

![](4623018.gif)

**US Patent # 3,585,810 ~ Intermittent Absorption
Refrigerating Machine**

![](3585810.gif)

**US Patent # 2,622,413 ~ Refrigerating Apparatus of the
Intermittent Absorption Type**

![](2622413.gif)

**US Patent # 2,513,148 ~ Intermittent Absorption
Refrigeration**

![](2513148.gif)

**US Patent # 2,487,861 ~ Intermittent Absorption
Refrigeration Apparatus**

![](2487861.gif)

**US Patent # 2,438,105 ~ Refrigerating Apparatus of the
Intermittent Absorption or Adsorption type**

![](2438105.gif)

**US Patent # 2,435,107 ~ Two Temperature Intermittent Type
Absorption Refrigerator**

![](2435107.gif)

**US Patent # 2,401,233 ~ Intermittent Absorption or
Adsorption Type Refrigeration**

![](2401233.gif)

**US Patent # 2,393,241 ~ Intermittent Absorption or
Adsorption Refrigerating Apparatus**

![](2393241.gif)

**US Patent # 2,370,643 ~ Refrigeration Apparatus of the
Intermittent Absorption or Adsorption Type**

![](2370643.gif)

**US Patent # 2,138,686 ~ Intermittent Absorption
Refrigerating Apparatus**

![](2138686.gif)

**US Patent # 2,045,054 ~ Intermittent Absorption
Refrigerating System**

![](2045054.gif)

**US Patent # 2,001,143 ~ Intermittent Absorption
Refrigerating Apparatus**

![](2001143.gif)

**US Patent # 2,001,142 ~ Intermittent Absorption
Refrigerating Apparatus and Method**

![](2001142.gif)

**US Patent # 1,991,271 ~ Automatic Control for Intermittent
Absorption Refrigeration Apparatus**

![](1991271.gif)

**US Patent # 1,936,039 ~ Intermittent Absorption
Refrigerating System**

![](1936039.gif)

**US Patent # 1,918,969 ~ Automatic Control for Intermittent
Absorption Refrigeration Apparatus**

![](1918969.gif)

**US Patent # 1,914,687 ~ Liquid Return for Intermittent
Absorption Refrigerators**

![](1914687.gif)

**US Patent # 1,898,616 ~ Generator-Absorber for Intermittent
Absorption Refrigerators**

![](1898616.gif)

**US Patent # 1,861,075 ~ Intermittent Absorption
Refrigerating Apparatus**

![](1861075.gif)

**US Patent # 1,811,523 ~ Intermittent Absorption
Refrigerating Apparatus (Icy-Ball)**

![](1811523.gif)

**US Patent # 1,779,070 ~ Intermittent Absorption
Refrigeration Apparatus**

![](1779070.gif)

**US Patent # 1,740,737 ~ Intermittent Absorption
Refrigerating Apparatus (Icy-Ball)**

![](1740737.gif)

**US Patent # 1,718,690 ~ Intermittent Absorption
Refrigerating Apparatus**

![](1718690.gif)

**US Patent # 1,707,892 ~ Refrigeration Plant of the
Intermittent Absorption Type**

![](1707892.gif)

**US Patent # 1,632,701 ~ Intermittent Absorption
Refrigerating System**

![](1632701.gif)

**US Patent # 1,376,884 ~ System of Control for Intermittent
Absorption Refrigerating Plants**

![](1376884.gif)

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**Foreign Patents ~**

GB (Great Britain) Patent # 229,702 ~ Refrigerating machine of
the absorption type   
GB Patent # 462,072 ~ Improvements relating to intermittent
dry-absorption refrigeration   
GB Patent # 459,974 ~ Improvements relating to intermittent
dry-absorption refrigerating systems and apparatus   
GB Patent # 453,827 ~ Improvements in or relating to
intermittently acting absorption refrigerating apparatus   
GB Patent # 451,253 ~ Improvements in intermittently acting
absorption refrigerating apparatus   
GB Patent # 447,399 ~ Improvements in or relating to
intermittently acting absorption refrigerating apparatus   
GB Patent # 447,398 ~ Improvements in or relating to
intermittently acting absorption refrigerating apparatus   
GB Patent # 445,692 ~ Improvements in or relating to
intermittently acting absorption refrigerating apparatus   
GB Patent # 438,959 ~ Improvements in or relating to absorption
refrigerating apparatus   
GB Patent # 437,370 ~ Improvements in or relating to absorption
refrigerating apparatus of the intermittent type   
GB Patent # 431,268 ~ Improvements in or relating to absorption
refrigerating apparatus   
GB Patent # 431,267 ~ Improvements in or relating to absorption
refrigerating apparatus   
GB Patent # 417,111 ~ Improvements in and relating to
intermittent absorption refrigerating apparatus   
GB Patent # 417,040 ~ Improvements in and relating to
intermittent absorption refrigerating apparatus   
GB Patent # 415,488 ~ Refrigeration process and apparatus   
GB Patent # 409,493 ~ Improvements in or relating to cooling
systems for intermittently acting absorption refrigerating
apparatus   
GB Patent # 389,077 ~ Absorption refrigerating apparatus   
GB Patent # 359,064 ~ Improved method of, and means for
refrigeration   
GB Patent # 311,324 ~ Refrigeration plant of the intermittent
absorption or adsorption type   
GB Patent # 310,739 ~ Improvements relating to intermittent
absorption refrigerating apparatus   
GB Patent # 292,556 ~ Improvements in and relating to the
regulation of continuous cycle absorption refrigerating machines
  
GB Patent # 578,967 ~ Improvements in or relating to absorption
refrigerating apparatus   
GB Patent # 523,732 ~ Improved method of, and means for
refrigeration   
GB Patent # 520,978 ~ Intermittent absorption refrigerating
apparatus without valves   
GB Patent # 511,230 ~ Improvements in or relating to absorption
refrigerating systems and apparatus   
GB Patent # 500,002 ~ Improvements in and relating to
intermittent absorption refrigerating apparatus   
GB Patent # 492,724 ~ Improvements in or relating to heat
transfer systems   
GB Patent # 483,476 ~ Improvements in or relating to the heating
of absorption refrigerating apparatus   
GB Patent # 480,018 ~ Improvements in and relating to
intermittent absorption refrigerating machines   
GB Patent # 468,651 ~ Method of and apparatus for absorption
refrigeration   
GB Patent # 467,449 ~ Improvements in or relating to absorption
type refrigerating apparatus   
GB Patent # 466,530 ~ Condenser units for absorption
refrigerating machines   
GB Patent # 730,507 ~ An intermittent absorption refrigerating
system for use in vehicles   
GB Patent # 612,112 ~ Improvements in or relating to
intermittent reversible absorption refrigerating apparatus   
GB Patent # 995,631 ~ A device in furnaces delivering hot gases
for cooling the gases and utilizing their heat content   
GB Patent # 2,213,244 ~ Refrigerating appliances   
GB Patent # 1,188,626 ~ No English title available.   
GB Patent # 1,178,023 ~ No English title available.

WO 8901119 ~ Intermittent Solar Ammonia Absorption Cycle
Refrigerator   
WO 8600691 ~ Heat Exchange Device Usable as a Solar Refrigerator
with Intermittent Absorption

EP 0374179 ~ Intermittent Solar Ammonia Absorption Cycle
Refrigerator   
EP 0203558 ~ Apparatus for and method of water heating by an
intermittent adsorption process.   
EP 0187794 ~ HeatExchange Device Usable as a Solar Refrigerator
with Intermittent Absorption   
EP 0131869 ~ Thermal system based on thermally coupled
intermittent absorption heat pump cycles.

JP 61038367 ~ Solar-Heat Driving Intermittent Type Absorption
Refrigerator   
JP 61036663 ~ Regenerator for Solar-Heat Driving Intermittent
Type Absorption Refrigerator   
JP 60223975 ~ Solar-Heat Driving Intermittent Type Absorption
Refrigerator   
JP 60196566 ~ Solar-Heat Driving Intermittent Type Absorption
Refrigerator

AU 604565 ~ Intermittent Solar Ammonia Absorption Cycle
Refrigerator   
AU 2309588 ~ Intermittent Solar Ammonia Absorption Cycle
Refrigerator

HU 176591 ~ Intermittnet Absorption Cooler for Making Ice

FR 2567253 ~ No English title available.

DK 101186 ~ Heat exchanger apparatus for use as a solar
refrigerator with intermittent absorption

OA 9161 ~ Intermittent solar ammonia absorption cycle
refrigerator

CN 1362605 ~ Absorption-type refrigerating method and
refrigerator

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