{
    "title": "Peach vs Cancer",
    "inventor_name": "Giuliana Noratto",
    "publication_year": 2014,
    "device_name": "Peach Polyphenol Extract",
    "goal": "Inhibit breast cancer tumor growth and metastasis and provide a chemopreventive dietary supplement.",
    "problem_addressed": "Breast cancer proliferation and spread (metastasis).",
    "concept_summary": "Peach-derived polyphenolic compounds, when administered as an extract or dietary supplement, reduce tumor growth, suppress lung metastasis, and inhibit angiogenesis in mouse xenograft models. The effect is mediated through antioxidant activity, inhibition of metalloproteinase gene expression, and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells.",
    "detailed_description": "The research involved feeding mice xenografted with MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells with varying doses of peach polyphenols (0.8-1.6 mg/day). High-dose groups showed smaller tumors, fewer lung metastases, reduced blood-vessel formation, and lower expression of metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-13). In vitro studies demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines while sparing normal breast cells. The human-equivalent dose was estimated at ~370 mg/day, corresponding to two to three fresh peaches or a powdered supplement.",
    "principles": [
        "Antioxidant activity",
        "Inhibition of metalloproteinase gene expression",
        "Anti-proliferative cytotoxicity",
        "Apoptosis induction"
    ],
    "scientific_domains": [
        "Nutrition",
        "Biochemistry",
        "Oncology",
        "Pharmacology"
    ],
    "mechanisms_of_action": [
        "DNA protection via antioxidant polyphenols",
        "Suppression of tumor-associated metalloproteinases",
        "Induction of cancer cell apoptosis",
        "Inhibition of angiogenesis"
    ],
    "materials": [
        "Peach polyphenols",
        "Quercetin 3-beta-glucoside",
        "Chlorogenic acid",
        "Neo-chlorogenic acid",
        "Procyanidins",
        "Anthocyanins"
    ],
    "energy_sources": [],
    "inputs": [
        "Peach fruit (2-3 per day)",
        "Peach polyphenol extract powder"
    ],
    "outputs": [
        "Reduced tumor size",
        "Decreased lung metastasis",
        "Lower angiogenesis",
        "Modulated metalloproteinase expression"
    ],
    "claimed_performance": "Tumor growth and lung metastasis inhibited in mice at 0.8-1.6 mg/day of peach polyphenols; human equivalent dose ~370 mg/day (~=2-3 peaches).",
    "experimental_evidence": "In vivo mouse xenograft study (MDA-MB-435) and multiple in vitro cell-line assays (MDA-MB-435, MCF-7, MCF-10A, colon cancer lines).",
    "replication_status": null,
    "keywords": [
        "peach",
        "polyphenols",
        "breast cancer",
        "metastasis",
        "chemoprevention",
        "antioxidant",
        "xenograft"
    ],
    "related_technologies": [
        "Nutraceuticals",
        "Dietary supplements",
        "Chemopreventive drugs"
    ],
    "controversy_level": "low",
    "confidence_score": 0.9,
    "practicability_score": 0.8,
    "fringe_score": 0.1,
    "evidence_strength": 0.7,
    "risk_score": 0.1,
    "trl_estimate": 4,
    "source_urls": [
        "https://news.wsu.edu/2014/03/26/research-peach-extract-slows-breast-cancer-growth-spread/",
        "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24745759",
        "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19530711",
        "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24996346",
        "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18751377"
    ],
    "organizations": [
        "Washington State University",
        "Texas A&M University"
    ],
    "applications": [
        "Cancer prevention",
        "Adjunct therapy for breast cancer",
        "Dietary supplement for chemoprevention"
    ],
    "limitations": [
        "No human clinical trial data",
        "Bioavailability of polyphenols not quantified",
        "Dosage translation from mice to humans uncertain"
    ],
    "open_questions": [
        "Do peach polyphenols provide measurable benefit in human cancer patients?",
        "What is the optimal daily intake for maximal chemopreventive effect?",
        "Are there any long-term safety concerns with high-dose polyphenol supplementation?"
    ],
    "red_flags": [],
    "evidence_quotes": [
        "The tumor growth and lung metastasis were inhibited in vivo by peach polyphenolics in a dose range of 0.8-1.6 mg/day.",
        "Mice fed with high levels of polyphenols had tumors that grew less and without much of the blood vessel formation that can help cancer cells spread.",
        "The doses given the mice, if scaled up to a 132-pound person, could be supplied by two to three peaches a day or a dietary supplement of peach polyphenol extract powder.",
        "Peach RL extract effectively inhibited the proliferation of the estrogen-independent MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cell line (IC50 ~= 42 mg/L).",
        "Quercetin 3-beta-glucoside is the bioactive compound in fraction 3, with IC50 ~= 1.9 ug/mL for both cancer and normal breast cells."
    ],
    "category": "Medical & Dental Technologies"
}