G. Egely, G. Vertesy: Experimental Investigation of
Biologically Induced Magnetic Anomalies (Pavlita)

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**Experimental
Investigation of Biologically Induced Magnetic Anomalies**

**G. Egely and G. Vertesy**

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Hungarian Academy of Sciences  
HU ISSN 0368 5330

**Abstract ---** Magnetic anomalies have been investigated
and it is shown that the magnetization curves of para- dia- and
ferro-magnetic materials may change temporaily due to biological
activation. The apparatus, the method of the activation and the
measurement procedure are briefly described and a number of test
results are included for various materials.

**Introduction ~**

It is generally known that biological processes involve
electric and magnetic phenomena. In contrast to electric
phenomena, which are well known and utilized in EKG, EEG, etc.,
magnetic phenomena are comparatively rarely used. The reason for
this arises from the immense technical problems involved in the
measurement of very weak fields. Since these weak magnetic
fields are much weaker than the magnetic field of the Earth,
especially screened measuring rooms and very sensitive induction
coils must be used (1).

Coupled with the above, there is a time honored question in
brain research: Is the functioning of the brain based solely on
the complex interaction of known physical and chemical effects,
or are there additional, hitherto unknown effects as well? On
the basis of the results published in this study it is suggested
that fundamentally new physical interactions are involved in the
functioning of the brain, and perhaps in other biological
processes as well. However, the possibility is not excluded that
the currently recognized phenomena can be interpreted in
another, up till now unknown, way. Research in this area may
yield a two-fold benefit: to learn about a new, hitherto
anomalous magnetic effect; to gain a new insight into the
biophysics of the nervous system.

Anomalous effects in the brains activity have been measured by
may and Humphrey (2) and by Jahn and Dunne (3) and it is shown
that the common roots of the anomalous effects are quite clear:
the anomalies appear only when a target object --- the measured
system --- is influenced by the work of an active brain. Though
this statement seems at first sight to be an overstatement, the
measurements o these authors and our own were repeatable and
consistent.

The cause or causes of these anomalies, and their fundamental
features are not known at present; the cause or causes of the
measured anomalies should most probably be sought in areas
beyond the limits of our present knowledge. This is suggested
for two reasons:

(a) The regular biomagnetic field intensity of humans is
approximately 10-14 Tesla, which is practically
negligible compared with the weak geomagnetic field intensity (
~ 7 x 10-5).

(b) The measured effect cannot be induced even by a very strong
magnetic fields nor by any present known effects.

The tentative experimental findings of this work is as follows:
The magnetization curves of certain materials change temporarily
in an anomalous manner, most probably due to the effect of
biological activation. This activation process requires a high
level of mental concentration, and a small metal device. The
paper describes briefly the activation process and the
activation and, in a more detailed manner, the test results.

The activation method and devices were developed by Robert
Pavlita, and all samples were activated by him. The tests were
carried out during a three-year period and the test methods were
improved continuously. The results presented here might be of
interest to several branches of science, including solid-state
physics, electrodynamics, neurophysiology and psychology ---
though some of the results remain unclassified at present. The
interdisciplinary nature of the problem is evident but
unfortunately this aspect complicates the solution because of
the lack of a common language for these areas. The apparent lack
of any communication between these branches of science may
explain the fact that this region has not been investigated to
any great extent. But there is another reason as well: the
effect is barely noticeable without sensitive measuring devices,
so the chance of accidental discovery is slim. Moreover, there
seem to be comparatively few individuals who have the ability to
perform activation.

The aim of this study has been top investigate a natural
phenomenon, with no immediate intention of utilizing it for any
practical application, tog its practical use cannot be ruled out
in the long run.

**Pavlita Activation Devices ~**

The magnetic properties (e.g., susceptibility, saturation
magnetization, coercivity) of most materials have been
intensively studied for a very long time, and they can be
considered as well-known, permanent qualities, which are
characteristic of a given specimen. These properties depend on
the temperature, the magnitude and direction of the external
magnetic field, on the structure of the given material, etc.,
and they are stable in time for chemically stable materials.

Pavlita Activation Devices (PADs) may seem to offer another
view. When a specimen of known magnetic properties is placed
into a PAD, after a brief period (5-50 sec) its magnetic
properties may change, and this change is not explainable by
experimental error.

There are several versions of these activation devices: they
differ in size, shape and material, but they have common
features as well. The larger PADs are termed "generators", the
smaller ones "sondes", by Mr Pavlita. A few examples of devices
are shown on the plates. The basic purpose of PADs is to amplify
and accumulate the biomagnetic field effect. The state of art of
investigating this effect is in its infancy, therefore the
terminology is somewhat arbitrary, and very little is known
about the physical roots of the effects. It is important to note
that the effect of this biomagnetic field is qualitatively
different from that of the usual magnetic field. (The usual term
biofield is rather misleading but in lack of a generally
accepted better term, we have used this one).

So far as sample activation is concerned, this is a simple
procedure: the sample has to be inserted into the hole, or one
of the holes, or into several holes (up to 5), several times (up
to 30) in order to increase the effect. The dimensions of the
holes in the PAD are about the same as those of the sample.

Most of our tests were carried out in the laboratory under
controlled conditions with the measurements being carried out
before and after the activation. These activations were carried
out by two small sondes, these sondes being smaller in size than
the generator. The sonde is less effective and the maximum
change induced in the magnetic properties of the samples is
smaller than in the case of the activation in a generator.

Two activation sondes are shown in [Plates
1-6](#paltes), used during the metal activation experiments. The
sondes are made of iron with some brass parts. None of them had
a noticeable magnetic field, and the two sondes did not attract
or repel each other, nor did they affect non-magnetic pieces of
steel.

The sonde has to be charged or activated before its use, and
during the activation as well. Activation is carried out in a
generator. None of these instruments has any permanent magnet or
electromagnet, there are no sighs of any batteries or
electrostatic devices. We were always able to examine the
devices at any time on request, down to the most minute details.
The surfaces of the activation chambers were quite smooth,
polished by regular use. These chambers did not contain any dust
or powder, but some pollution due to wear could not be ruled
out.

The generators are steel slabs which are flat or rounded with
activation chambers, and there are areas with rough surfaces or
welded bronze spots. The overall dimensions were not greater
than 20 cm x 20 cm x 20 cm. There is a hole (or sometimes two)
with a thread in order to be able to attach the generator to the
sonde.

It is emphasized that the generator does not generate any known
field, substance or effect. It is again mentioned that the
terminology used in the text is somewhat arbitrary, and it may
have nothing to do with real physical phenomena taking place
during the process.

The development of these devices seems to have been heuristic,
and took place by trial and error. The activation itself
requires a long period of learning, training, and it is a
tedious procedure. The rough surface of the sonde is supposed to
ease the activation. According to Mr Pavlita, activation is
basically a mental process; some parts are similar to yoga
relaxation and concentration techniques, and in principle
anybody can learn to carry out the activation procedure.

The word activation is used for that process which induces the
measurable changes, though it has nothing to do with
radioactivity. The word active merely notes that an anomalous
change has occurred on a test specimen, or a PAD is capable of
inducing the anomalies.

According to Mr Pavlita, the capability for activation is
limited in terms of size, it is not possible to activate large
objects, only those of the order of centimeters. Furthermore,
the size of the devices is limited because severe pain and rapid
fatigue occur if a device larger than about 20 cm x 20 cm x 20
cm is activated. The activation has not been attempted by other
persons for two reasons: (a) the primary object of the test is
to verify the existence of the phenomenon, (b) the learning
process is long and time consuming.

The activation takes place with the combined use of both hands,
in a prescribed regular zig-zag manner, through several days or
weeks, every day for about one hour.

**Experimental Procedure ~**

The effect of activation was investigated utilizing a vibrating
sample magnetometer. This type of magnetometer is commonly used
for measuring the magnetic moment of materials, and is one of
the most generally employed measuring apparatuses in magnetic
research (4, 5). By means of this equipment one can
quantitatively measure the magnetization of the samples. The
sample to be measured is placed into an electromagnet or
solenoid which produces a magnetic field which, in turn,
magnetizes the sample. This induced magnetic moment of the
sample is measured as a function of the external field. During
the measurement of the sample is vibrated and the moving
magnetized body induces an electric signal in the measuring coil
system surrounding the sample. The value of the induced electric
field is proportional to the magnetic moment of the sample. The
position of the sample in the electromagnet is shown in Figure
1. In this arrangement the direction of vibration is
perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field. For one
part of the measurements another vibrating sample magnetometer
was used in which the direction f the magnetic field was
parallel to the direction of vibration. The external magnetic
field is increased linearly (from zero) and the induced magnetic
moment of the sample is detected continuously as a function of
the field. The magnetization is plotted against the external
field by and X-Y recorder.

![](fig1a.jpg)

In every case, we took the utmost care in endeavoring to ensure
the most reliable and vigilant conditions for measurements. Mr
Pavlita activated the samples, prepared by us in our own
laboratory. The previously marked samples were given to Mr
Pavlita by one of the authors, and during the intervals by one
of the authors. The samples were identified by marking their
non-activated ends. Immediately after activation one of the
authors took the sample out of Mr Pavlitas hand and measured it
in the magnetometer. Only one of the authors worked with the
magnetometer, Mr Pavlitas measurement process, and in a
separate room in the case of the ferromagnetic specimens. The
equipment used for the activation was checked before, during and
after the activation, and every part of it was carefully
scrutinized. The samples were stored at some distance from Mr
Pavlita and only immediately prior to the activation was a given
sample handed over.

The samples were activated in a small sonde by inserting them
several times into the activation holes. The magnetization curve
was recorded in the magnetometer immediately before and after
activation. None of the experimental parameters (the exact
position of the sample in the magnetometer, sensitivity of the
apparatus, etc.) was changed from measurement to measurement.
The samples were fixed to the sample holder of the magnetometer
using a small piece of adhesive tape. The samples to be
activated were measured before the activation together with the
adhesive tape, and the adhesive tape was also measured without
the sample. The sample holder itself gave no signal. After
activation had taken place, the sample was replaced in the
sample holder, using the same piece of adhesive tape as earlier,
and the measurement was repeated. The activated end of the
sample --- which had not been touched by anybody during the
whole process --- was inserted into the sensitive region of the
sensing coils. The non-activated end of the samples was so far
from the sensitive region during measurements that it could not
have caused any signal even if it was somehow magnetized. After
the activation and before the measurements the samples was
sampled were brought into contact with a grounded conductor
because the possible electrical charge on the sample to be
measured is able to cause a signal in the magnetometer that is
similar to that from a magnetic moment.

It is our firm belief that the above-described precautions
completely ensured that the samples were not tampered with or
substituted. We are confident that the results are not the
consequence of the consequence of sleight of hand or measurement
errors.

**Activation of Wood and PVC Samples ~**

A number of wood and PVC samples were measured and it was found
that the activation process in the above-described devices
significantly affected the magnetic behavior of the samples. The
samples were cylindrical in shape, with a diameter of 2.5-3.2 mm
and a length of 27-50 mm. One of the ends was activated, the
length of the activated part being about 5-10 mm. Some of the
samples were measured before as well as after activation; the
rest of the samples were not measured before activation but in
this case we measured control (non-activated) samples having the
same properties. On no occasion did the samples show any
magnetic activity, i.e., they could not be magnetized measurably
by an external field. The magnetic properties of the majority of
the samples (20 wood and 4 PVC) were changed due t the
activation. For 5 wood samples we did not find any measurable
change. These 29 samples were activated far from the place of
measurement (at Mr Pavlitas laboratory) and we measured them
several days or weeks after activation. We did not consider the
results of these preliminary experiments as evidence of
successful activation, but of these preliminary experiments as
evidence of successful activation, but they strongly indicated
to us that something really happens with the samples during
activation, and the effect is worthy of careful, systematic
investigation.

 For this reason a measurement series was made, in which
five wood and four OVC samples were activated in our laboratory,
following the precautionary measures described in the previous
paragraph. Every activation was successful, i.e., the samples
became magnetic due to the activation. The result of one
measurement is shown for illustration purposes in Figure 2. The
figure shows the original measurement curve of sample W1, i.e.,
magnetization M of the sample as a function of the external
magnetic field H. The intensity of the field is given in
kilogauss, and the magnetic moment of the sample is given in CGS
electromagnetic units (emu). The magnetization curve of the
sample before activation (together with adhesive tape) is shown
in Figure 20, and the magnetization curve of the same sample
after activation (together with the same adhesive tape) is
plotted in Figure 2b. It is seen that the magnetization before
activation. The magnetization curve of the adhesive tape without
sample --- which is not shown here --- is exactly the same as
curve (a) in Figure 2, so curve (b) can be considered as the
background for this sample. This means, at the same time, that
the non-activated wood samples do not show any magnetic activity
(at least at such sensitivity of the measurement). Figure 3
shows the net magnetization curve of the activated sample
obtained by subtracting Figure 2a and 2b, and calculating the
magnetization in milligauss (mG). The accuracy of this value
cannot be very high because the size of the specimen was larger
than the homogeneous sensitive area of the measuring coils (In
order to calculate the magnetization in Gauss it is necessary to
know the volume of the magnetized body). We could only estimate
the effective volume of the measured specimen. The error is
believed not to exceed 20%. The most important purpose of our
work, however, was to demonstrate the change in magnetic
properties of specimens, brought about by activation. These
measurements are eminently suitable for comparison, the exact
extent of susceptibility of the sample is now of secondary
importance.

![](fig2a.jpg)

![](fig3a.jpg)

The magnetizaton curves of other samples are exactly the same
in character as that shown in Figure 2. Table I shows the
magnetization of the activated samples Ms. The definition of Ms
is shown in Figure 3. Before activation, Ms is zero (within the
limits of measurement sensitivity for every specimen).

![](tabl1a.jpg)

The magnetization curves of the activates samples are similar
to the magnetization curves of the ordered magnetic structures,
e.g., of ferromagnetic materials, like iron or various soft
magnetic alloys.

The only possible explanation, which is in keeping with our
classical knowledge, could be the pollution of the surface of
the wood samples with grains of ferromagnetic material. Our
measurements showed that about 0.02 mg iron can cause the same
signal as the activated samples. But the possibility of iron
grains reaching the specimens surface does no seem probable
because the holes in the sonde seemed to be clean and their
surface to be smooth. To check this, we made measurements in
such a way that we drilled a hole into a piece of iron, did not
polish the hole after drilling in order to increase surface
pollution and then inserted and rotated a wood sample into the
hole many times, intentionally very forcefully. The
magnetization curves were taken before and after this process,
and it was found that the magnetization of the sample increased
slightly, the magnetization curve showed a similar character to
that in Figure 3, but the effect was about 1/6 of the activation
in the sonde. That is, we obtained 8 mG for the value of Ms in
the case of this specimen, whereas the average Ms for the
activated wood samples was 45 mG. So the possibility of iron
grains getting to the samples during activation and causing a
change in the magnetic properties in such a way seems unlikely.

The change in magnetic properties due to activation is not
stable in time: samples lose their magnetic activity after a
certain time. Three wood samples were activated in Mr Pavlitas
lab, in the presence of one author, maintaining the
above-mentioned precautions. The samples were marked; after
activation they were put into a box then closed and guarded by
the authors, and the samples were measured in the magnetometer
from time to time, Before every measurement the magnetometer was
calibrated. The activated end of the samples was never touched.
Figure 4 shows the change of the magnetization Ms of the samples
as a function of the number of days after activation. It is seen
that the magnetic activity definitely and continuously decreases
in time.

![](fig4a.jpg)

**Activation of Dia- and Paramagnetic Samples ~**

In addition to the wood and plastic samples, several other
materials were tested as well. The primary reason for additional
measurements was to learn more about the biologically induced
magnetic anomalies, and to improve the test methods. For this
reason, instead of wood and plastic materials, diamagnetic and
paramagnetic materials were also used for the experiments. The
advantage of these materials was that their physical properties,
such as chemical composition and material structure, are known
and controllable in contrast to the properties of wood samples.

A series of experiments were performed using transparent, LiTaO3
single crystals. These crystals are diamagnetic and have
negative susceptibility, i.e., the sample magnetization and
magnetizing field are opposite in direction, and magnetization
depends linearly on the external field.

Two cylindrical specimens were used both of 4 mm diameter and
23 mm length. Both of them were activated and measured before
and after activation. The activation was performed in Mr
Pavlitas laboratory, in the presence of one author. The samples
were prepared and marked by us, and after activation nobody
could have tampered with or substituted them. After activation
the character of magnetization curves remained unchanged (i.e.,
linear), but the absolute value of the susceptibility increased
by 85% due to the activation for both samples. The magnetization
curves (after eliminating the effect of adhesive tape) are shown
in Figure 5 for both LiTaO3 crystals (samples A and
B), before (curves a) and after (curves b) activation. The
measurement method was the same as that described earlier.

![](fig5a.jpg)

![](fig6a.jpg)

Five bismuth samples (which have a very high diamagnetic
susceptibility) were manufactured in order to test diamagnetic
metal specimens. For three samples the susceptibility decreased
due to the activation. The test result of one of these samples
is shown in Figure 6. For all the activation tests the
magnetization curve remained linear, but the degree of change
was different. In one case the susceptibility of the sample
increases (its absolute value decreased), i.e., the activation
changed the susceptibility of this sample to the opposite
direction of that found in the other cases. The susceptibility
of the fifth sample was not influenced by the activation.

The induced change vanished gradually for all samples; three
days after the activation all the samples had returned to their
pre-activation level.

The effect of activation was also investigated for two
paramagnetic materials, viz., for aluminum and praseodymium.
Aluminum has a low paramagnetic susceptibility, the measured
samples were in the form of a coiled strip of foil so the
measured susceptibility of these samples is very low;
practically only the usual background can be measured. Three
samples were activated; one of the test results is plotted in
Figure 7. Due to activation the magnetization curves of the
other samples changed in a similar way. Praesodymium is a rare
earth metal with quite high paramagnetic susceptibility. The
samples were shaped like prisms with a square cross section
(about 3-4 mm2) and 20-30 mm length. Three samples
were activated; all of them changed their magnetization curves
significantly and in the same way. The result of activation for
one of the samples is shown in Figure 8. it seems that the
testing of the rare earth metals looks promising despite the
technical difficulties due to their rapid oxidation.

![](fig7a.jpg)![](fig8a.jpg)

All of the measurements described in this paragraph were made
in such an arrangement in which the direction of the magnetizing
field was perpendicular to the axis of samples and parallel with
the direction of vibration.

**Activation of Ferromagnetic Materials ~**

In another series of experiments ferromagnetic samples were
used. The parameters of these samples were well known and due to
their magnetically ordered structure they show strong magnetic
activity. They have characteristic magnetization curves, from
which different material parameters, like initial
susceptibility, saturation magnetization, and coercive force,
can be determined. Another advantage is that in the case of
ferromagnetic samples the effect of the possible ferromagnetic
pollution is out of the question because the amount of
ferromagnetic pollution on the surface (due to the activation
process) is small in relation to the mass of the sample, so it
cannot cause a measurable signal change.

The measurement of magnetization curves of these samples was
performed using another vibration sample magnetometer. Here both
the direction of the magnetizing field and the direction of
vibration are parallel to the axis of the samples.

The measurements show that the activation procedure affects the
magnetization curves of the examined ferromagnetic materials.
Permalloy, nickel, Fe3Al and metglass samples were
used for the experiments. The specimens were about 20 mm long,
1-2 mm in width, with a thickness of 20-200 um, but the Fe3Al
was cylindrical with a diameter of 0.5 mm.

Two samples of permalloy, of nickel and of Fe3Al
were activated. The effect of activation on the magnetization
curve can be seen in Figures 9-11. The rest of the samples, not
shown here) changed the magnetization curve in a similar way. It
is seen that the saturation magnetization of samples
significantly changed due to activation, and also changed the
slope of the initial magnetization curve. The coercivity (the
distance between the point of intersection of the hysteresis
curve and the H = 0 point on the H axis) also changed slightly
for the nickel sample, while for the other two cases it was not
influenced.

![](fig9a.jpg)

![](fig10a.jpg)

![](fig11a.jpg)

It is worthy of note that the first activation attempt of Fe3Al
was
unsuccessful during an afternoon measuring session. Next
morning, however, the activation was successful --- when Mr
Pavlita was not tired.

It is remarkable that the value of saturation magnetization
(i.e., magnetization value M, which is reached by the hysteresis
curve at high field region, decreased in the case of permalloy
and nickel, due to activation, whereas activation increased it
in the case of Fe3Al.

The magnetization curve regained its original shape after
three-four days, as can be seen from Figure 11, where the broken
line shows the original curve, and continuous lines show the
curves after activation, where N represents the number of days
after activation (N = 0 is the result of measurement immediately
after activation). A similar process is illustrated for the
permalloy specimen in Figure 12.

![](fig12a.jpg)

The other part of the activation of ferromagnetic materials was
made on metglass samples. Metglass ( = metal-glass) material is
a new and intensively studies type of metal. These samples are,
in fact, amorphous iron alloys whose structure is due to the
very rapid quenching.

Two types of metglass material were activated; the composition
of the first material was Fe40Ni40Si6B14;
the composition of the second one was Fe75Cr5B20.
Five samples of the first material were activated. The
saturation magnetization and the slope of hysteresis curve
increased significantly in three cases due to activation is
shown in Figure 14. It is seen that the saturation magnetization
drastically decreased, and at low field region it shows a very
strange character. Though the whole phenomenon is anomalous,
these were quite unusual magnetization curves, and the same
irregularity was fund for two specimens. All five specimens were
of the same material and they were activated in the same sonde
(see Plate 1 and 2) having one activation chamber only, but the
results (which can be seem by comparing Figures 13 and 14) were
quite different.

![](fig13a.jpg)

![](fig14a.jpg)

![](fig15a.jpg)

The time dependent behavior of the magnetization curve of the
activated specimen of Figure 14 is plotted in Figure 15. Here
only the parts of the full hysteresis curves are shown, with
decreasing positive fields. After four days the hysteresis curve
regained its original shape.

Two samples of the second metglass material were also
activated. The activation procedure yielded the same result for
both specimen, i.e., the saturation magnetization of the samples
decreased, but not so drastically as in the previous case, as
plotted (for one of the samples) in Figure 16.

![](fig16a.jpg)

**Conclusion ~**

The major aim of the authors has been to carry out experiments
on biologically induced magnetic anomalies in which physics
itself is used to maintain the authenticity of the tests. This
does not, of course, mean that in addition we did not try to
ensure that no trickery involved.

The experiments unambiguously showed that in the majority of
cases the activation procedure significantly the magnetic
properties of the samples --- so this procedure is worth
studying. Comparing the results of different activation trials,
the possibility that some kind of pollution causes this change
can be excluded. Namely, activations in the same sonde (in the
same holes of the sonde) provided different sign changes in the
magnetization curves, which changes cannot be explained by the
presence of the same kind of pollution on the surface of
activated samples.

The unstable character of the induced change was also observed.
While wood retained this anomalous state for a longer period,
other specimens returned to their original pre-activated state
within 2-4 days. This phenomenon seems to indicate that the
change in the samples behavior --- induced by activation ---
reflects some kind of fundamental physical process.

Though there are several issues to be clarified in the future,
the presence of this magnetic anomaly seems to be associated
with the activity of the brain. O the basis of our present
knowledge, these anomalies cannot be induced by any known
physical phenomenon therefore one may not rule out the statement
that the brain activity involves a yet unknown physical
phenomena. At the same time we have no doubt about the necessity
of further considerations and investigations if we wish to
exclude or strengthen the possibility of other possible
interpretations, in spite of the fact that for the moment we
have no idea about other explanations which are in keeping with
our classical knowledge.

The primary purpose of this work has been to examine the
reality of this magnetic anomaly; little attention has been paid
to the mental process as well, but there is very little hope for
progress without the help of neurophysiologists and
psychologists.

**Acknowledgements ~**

The authors are indebted to T. Takacs and A. Lovas for their
help in preparing the metal specimens, and to H. Shenker for
reviewing the manuscript.

**Plates ~**

**Plate 1** ~ Rear of a single-chamber Pavlita Activation
Device (PAD). The cylindrical shaped part on the right-hand side
is made of plastic material. The whole PAD is made of solid
steel, except the plastic part. The rear surface is smooth. A
scale --- in centimeters --- is shown in front of the PAD.

![](plat1a.jpg)

**Plate 2**~ Front of the PAD The activation chamber is
visible in the center, there are two small protrusions beside
it, made of the same material as the rest of the PAD (the whole
sonde was manufactured from one piece of steel. The surface of
the sonde is covered with grooves. During the activation the
sonde was held in the left hand --- between the thumb and the
forefinger; the specimen to be activated was held in the right
hand.

![](plat2a.jpg)

**Plate 3** ~ A twin sonde with several activation chambers.
The activation part is made of steel, the thinner rod and the
hollow cylinder (on the left-hand side) are made of brass. The
surface is smooth, polished on both sides. During the
activation, the fingers of the left hand were inserted into the
brass cylinder.

![](plat3a.jpg)

**Plate 4** ~ Rear of the twin sonde. A scale --- in
centimeters --- is shown in front of the sonde.

![](plat4a.jpg)

**Plate 5** ~ Enlarged picture of the twin sonde.

![](plat5a.jpg)

**Plate 6** ~ Enlarged picture of the activation chambers;
the bottom and the walls of the chambers are visible. The walls
of the holes are quite smooth, but there are grooves on the
bottom. These grooves were not sharp, they left no marks on the
activated specimens.

![](plat6a.jpg)

**References~**

(1) S.J. Williamson, L. Kaufman: J. Magn. Mat. 22: 129 (1981)

(2) E. May, B. Humphrye: Psi Experiments with Random Number
Generators; S.R.I. Project 8067 (Oct. 1985)

(3) R.G. Rahn, B.J. Dunne: Foundations of Physics 16: 721
(1986)

(4) S. Foner: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30: 548 (1959)

(5) B.D. Cullity: Introduction to Magnetic Materials;
Addison-Wesley, 1972.

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