{ "title": "Tore Propulsion Eversible elongated toroids for propulsion, engineering, energy; articles & patents", "inventor_name": "Valery Shikhirin", "publication_year": 1998, "device_name": "Toroidal Propulsion Device for Vehicles", "goal": "Provide vehicle propulsion by converting pressurised fluid energy into thrust using an elastic toroidal chamber.", "problem_addressed": "Need for low-cost, efficient power supplies and propulsion mechanisms that avoid conventional combustion or electric motor systems.", "concept_summary": "A resilient toroidal chamber (eversible tore) is filled with a pressurised fluid. The chamber expands into a singular torus with two internal layers. An endless belt (shaped like a hose) runs between the layers and contacts driving rollers mounted on the vehicle frame. Pressurised fluid in the belt's side chambers drives the belt, causing the toroidal chamber to oscillate and generate thrust.", "detailed_description": "The invention comprises a cylindrical-sleeve chamber whose ends are turned inside out and sealed, forming a torus with two internal layers and opposite surfaces. The chamber is mounted on a support surface of the vehicle. An endless driving belt loops between the internal layers, surrounds the outer surface of the torus, and contacts two diametrically opposed rollers, one rigidly attached to the vehicle frame. The belt is a hose containing two side chambers that hold pressurised fluid at increased pressure. When the fluid is supplied, the belt expands, pushes against the rollers, and drives the toroidal chamber, producing a propulsive force. The system relies on elastic deformation of the torus and the circulation of fluid energy within the device.", "category": "Mechanical Engineering", "principles": [ "Elastic mechanics", "Toroidal motion", "Self-acting self-oscillation", "Additional circulation energy", "Hydrodynamic circulation" ], "scientific_domains": [ "Mechanical Engineering", "Fluid Dynamics", "Elasticity" ], "mechanisms_of_action": [ "Pressurised fluid expansion", "Elastic deformation of toroidal chamber", "Belt-driven rotation", "Momentum transfer via rollers" ], "materials": [ "Elastic polymer or rubber for toroidal chamber", "Compressed gas or air (pressurised fluid medium)", "Metal or rigid rollers", "Flexible hose/belt material" ], "energy_sources": [ "Pressurised fluid medium (e.g., compressed air)" ], "inputs": [ "Pressurised fluid supply", "Vehicle frame mounting" ], "outputs": [ "Propulsive thrust" ], "claimed_performance": null, "experimental_evidence": null, "replication_status": null, "keywords": [ "toroidal propulsion", "elastic mechanics", "self-acting devices", "pressurised fluid", "vehicle thrust" ], "related_technologies": [ "toroidal engines", "elastic propulsion", "fluidic thrust devices" ], "controversy_level": "high", "confidence_score": 0.6, "practicability_score": 0.3, "fringe_score": 0.9, "evidence_strength": 0.2, "risk_score": 0.3, "trl_estimate": 3, "source_urls": [ "http://www.elastoneering.com", "http://evgars.com/berdinskih1.htm", "http://www.alt-tech.org/eng/index.php?module=content&func=folder_view&id=46", "http://www.alt-tech.org/files/fizika/shikhirin/3Kritika_en.pdf", "http://www.alt-tech.org/files/fizika/shikhirin/2Structurization3_en.pdf", "http://www.alt-tech.org/files/fizika/shikhirin/1B_VTortexLifeCell-1_en.pdf", "http://www.alt-tech.org/files/fizika/shikhirin/BuildingE.pdf", "http://www.alt-tech.org/files/fizika/shikhirin/EnergingE.pdf", "http://www.alt-tech.org/files/fizika/shikhirin/Climat_E.pdf", "http://www.alt-tech.org/files/fizika/shikhirin/PHi_E.pdf", "http://www.alt-tech.org/files/fizika/shikhirin/VTORTEX_E.pdf", "http://www.alt-tech.org/files/fizika/shikhirin/ELASTIK_E.pdf", "http://www.evgars.com/infenergy1_e.htm", "http://www.evgars.com/infenergy2_e.htm", "http://www.alt-tech.org/files/fizika/shikhirin/TRANSPORT_E.pdf", "http://www.alt-tech.org/files/fizika/shikhirin/ElastBook.pdf", "http://www.alttech.org/files/fizika/shikhirin/TORTECH_E.pdf", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTXDQL1FMxc", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-h-Mp9JGb0", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKRtEFzi7r0", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4pbXw4Nmqs", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6CCrFzdAMQ", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRmUMOjmGm4", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m37_Kzsgh5s", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xx3IzvE31MA" ], "organizations": [ "ELASTONEERING Inc.", "Tore Technologies Center", "Irkutsk State Technical University" ], "applications": [ "Vehicle propulsion", "Energy generation", "Atmospheric phenomenon suppression (whirlwinds, tornadoes)", "Matter structuring" ], "limitations": [ "No quantitative performance data provided", "Reliance on elastic materials that may degrade", "Unclear scalability to commercial vehicle sizes", "Potential safety concerns with high-pressure fluid" ], "open_questions": [ "What is the thrust-to-power ratio compared with conventional engines?", "How long does the elastic toroidal chamber retain its properties under cyclic loading?", "What are the optimal fluid pressures and materials for efficient operation?", "Can the system be integrated into existing vehicle platforms?" ], "red_flags": [ "Claims of \"additional circulation energy\" resembling free-energy concepts", "Language suggesting pseudo-scientific views and lack of peer-reviewed validation", "Heavy reliance on speculative cosmogonic theories" ], "evidence_quotes": [ "The described principles of using additional circulation energy of the dipole within the idle process may be employed in creation of similar electromagnetic and other self-acting devices.", "There are no principal difficulties in resolving the issue of low-cost power supplies. The problem is solved by making use of additional circulation energy within idle processes occurring in interactive conservative fields of different nature.", "The present invention relates to a toroidal propulsion device for vehicles that comprises at least one resilient chamber ... when filled with a pressurised fluid medium, the chamber takes the shape of a singular torus ...", "Examples of successful technical implementation and application of a dipole are provided by rapidly progressing, multi-application and promising torus technologies making use of devices with eversible tore shells.", "Development and application of self-acting self-oscillation processes is hampered by predominant pseudo-scientific views and notions." ] }