Solar Concentrators & Furnaces: US & Foreign Patents,
& Articles

> ![](0logo.gif) **[rexresearch.com](../index.htm)**
>
> ---
>
> **Solar Furnace / Concentrator Patents**
>
> ---
>
> **<http://blog.modernmechanix.com/2007/07/14/suns-rays-are-harnessed-in-solar-furnace>** *Popular Mechanics Magazine*, May, 1924
>
> **SUNS RAYS ARE HARNESSED IN SOLAR FURNACE**
>
> ![](solfurn1.jpg)
>
> ARCHIMEDES, famous mathematician, is said to have set fire to
> the fleet of the Roman emperor, Marcellus, by the use of a
> series of concave mirrors concentrating the suns rays upon
> the fleet. John Ericsson, the designer of the Monitor, of
> civil war fame, constructed several engines having boilers
> provided with mechanical devices for effecting the necessary
> concentration of solar rays which, when collected from 100
> square feet of surface, effected the evaporation of 489 cubic
> inches of water per hour, more than equivalent to one
> horsepower. This is, however, but a small proportion of the
> potential energy actually developed by solar heat hourly
> received upon an area of this size. Ericsson estimated it to
> be equivalent to that caused by the combustion of 200 tons of
> coal in the same time. To harness this energy, a solar
> furnace, with which it is claimed it is possible to attain
> much higher temperatures than that given by the electric
> furnace, has been built. The apparatus is composed of about
> twenty-five lenses and mirrors, the mirrors forming the walls
> of a cone and the lenses arranged to form a dome near the base
> of the cone. By adjustments the suns rays are concentrated
> within an area of about one-quarter of an inch, which is the
> working part of the furnace. It is claimed that by simply
> increasing the number of lenses and mirrors increased
> temperatures may be attained. In tests made with this furnace,
> the more common metals immediately melted and passed off in
> gaseous form. Even substances like graphite are unable to
> withstand the intense heat. The working part of the furnace
> is, of course, extremely small and can handle samples of not
> over two grams in weight. One of the advantages claimed for
> this . apparatus is that substances can be melted or
> evaporated in a vacuum, as they may be inclosed in a glass
> vessel. It is believed that a furnace of this sort can reach
> temperatures sufficiently high to melt substances that up to
> the present have been considered infusible.
>
> **Solar Furnace**   
> **Marcel MOREAU**   
> **USP # 1,479,923**   
> **( 1924-01-08 )**
>
> ![](us1479-0.jpg)![](us1479-1.jpg)
>
> ![](us1479-2.jpg)![](us1479-3-8.jpg)
>
> ![](us1479-9-12.jpg)
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Furnace Heating System**   
> **Inventor: WILSON MELVIN**   
> **US4061129**   
> **1977-12-06**
>
> ![](us4061.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar furnace heating system is
> disclosed which is characterized by the provision of novel
> rotary vane-type heat collector elements arranged in a heat
> collecting chamber beneath the generally vertical transparent
> wall of a housing. The fluid to be heated is conveyed across
> the heat collecting chamber in heat-transfer relationship with
> the rotary heat collector elements, and then to a heat storage
> chamber contained in the bottom portion of the housing. After
> the temperature of the fluid in the heat storage chamber
> reaches a given value, heated fluid from the heat storage
> chamber may be conveyed, upon demand, to the enclosure to be
> heated. In one embodiment, the heat collector elements are
> mounted for free rotation in the housing by the fluid that is
> conveyed through the heat collecting chamber. In a second
> embodiment, means are provided for rotatably driving the heat
> collector elements in synchronism.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Furnace**   
> **Inventor: PAULY LOU ALLEN**   
> **US4000733**   
> **1977-01-04**
>
> ![](us4000.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar furnace receiving reflected solar
> energy from a battery of remote, positionable mirrors with the
> furnace having primary and secondary reflectors directing
> concentrated radiant energy toward a Fresnel lens. The focal
> point of the lens is located within a furnace chamber into
> which is advanced a carbon conduit, the advancing end of which
> is vaporized by focal point temperatures. The vaporized carbon
> serves as a catalyst for the production of hydrogen. The
> furnace chamber is in upstream communication with means for
> separating hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Method of Constructing Solar Furnace**   
> **Inventor: PAULY LOU**   
> **US3993528**   
> **1976-11-23**
>
> ![](us3995.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar furnace of dish-shaped
> configuration for the reflection of solar rays toward a heat
> exchanger through which passes a heated medium. The reflective
> surface of the furnace comprises a multitude of mirror
> elements incorporated into a fiber glass reinforced plastic
> structure with each of the mirror elements located so as to
> reflect rays toward a common focus. A wire grid spaces each of
> the mirror elements during furnace construction. Each of said
> mirror elements is temporarily supported on a loosely woven
> fiber glass cloth permitting each element to individually
> adapt to the curvature of a convex mold. Subsequent
> application of fiber glass and resin to the thickness desired
> results in a rigid dish-shaped structure within which may
> incorporate support components. A method of furnace
> construction is additionally set forth.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Furnace**   
> **Inventor: BARD ROBERT**   
> **US3985118**   
> **1976-10-12**
>
> ![](us3985.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar furnace wherein multiple Fresnel
> lenses focus light rays upon heat conductors associated with
> each of the lenses. Each heat conductor has an exposed arcuate
> portion which serves to mount lens supporting means permitting
> pivotal movement of said supporting means about the conductor
> to maintain the lens focus in common with a portion of the
> conductor. Fluid passing through the vessels is heated to the
> extent that same may be used for powering a steam turbine
> associated with an electrical generator. To provide a
> self-contained, transportable generating system the solar
> furnace may be incorporated into a structure mounting
> additional components providing for condensation of the steam
> and recirculation to the solar furnace vessels.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Internal Vaporization Engine**   
> **Inventor: SPALDING WESLEY**   
> **US4149383**   
> **1979-04-17**
>
> ![](us4149.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- An engine powered by the internal
> vaporization of a low boiling point liquid such as Freon which
> is changed into the gaseous state by a suitable heat source
> applied to the engine. The engine control system further
> includes a closed Freon well for condensation of the Freon gas
> after vaporization in the engine. The vaporization of the
> Freon within the engine is provided by heat collected by a
> solar furnace and passed from a oil heat jacket surrounding
> the engine piston acting as a heat source.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Low Temperature Solar Furnace and Method**   
> **Inventor: KELLER ROBERT**   
> **US4353353**   
> **1982-10-12**
>
> ![](us4353.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- This disclosure generally relates to a
> technique and apparatus for solar heating which may be adapted
> for heating residential, commercial or industrial buildings,
> and in which the functions of solar energy collection, storage
> and heat-exchange are combined in the same passive structure
> generally consisting of a plurality of cylindrical tubes
> preferably fabricated of glass-fiber reinforced polyester
> resin which are filled with a stationary heat absorbing
> medium, such as water, with their surfaces preferably coated
> with a high absorbtance material on to which solar rays are
> directed through a solar "transmittor" or window, and which
> surfaces serve as heat-exchange elements from which heat may
> be extracted in a variety of ways, including passage of air
> and thermal siphoning, and with the tubes enclosed within an
> appropriate insulated chamber. Cooperative action with
> domestic or similar hot water systems may also be achieved.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Furnace**   
> **Inventor: JARDIN ALBERT**   
> **US4326501**   
> **1982-04-27**
>
> ![](us4326.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- The invention comprises a single unit
> which serves as the solar collector, heat storage area, and
> the heat exchanger. A generally rectangular tank is provided
> with suitably heavy insulated walls at the bottom, ends and
> rear. One side, facing the sun is open and the opening extends
> into a portion of the top. The top is provided with a thickly
> insulated cover. The open side is provided with a corrugated
> surface, the preferred angle being the latitude plus 10 DEG .
> The water is carried through suitable tubing which enters the
> tank through one end wall. The tubing is reentrantly bent in
> the tank to provide a plurality of lengths (4 shown) and then
> out through the same end wall but below the entrance. The tank
> is then filled with a suitable material having good heat
> storage and heat exchange properties. The best material is an
> eutectic salt having extremely high heat absorption and
> storage ability in direct contact with the container wall,
> which is designed to absorb heat radiation, and in direct
> contact with the tubing to transfer the heat to the water
> passing through. Other substances, such as concrete, can also
> be used. The corrugated side is covered with an insulating
> glass or transparent plastic twin-walled sheet mounted at the
> front. The unit is attached to the water supply through the
> tubing extending at one side, the conventional water supply
> pressure being sufficient to operate the unit. The unit is
> placed on the ground adjacent the building. The unit is
> modular and the effects can be increased by adding units in
> line and hooking them up in series or parallel as desired. The
> system lends itself to the use of much smaller units hooked
> together in banks for easier handling.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Furnace**   
> **Inventor: CLAVIER PHILIPPE**   
> **US4508099**   
> **1985-04-02**
>
> ![](us4508.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- The solar furnace is constructed of
> evacuated glass block solar elements that include an interior
> face, or surface, of zinc. Because of this material,
> substantial solar radiant energy is retained and radiated to
> the interior of the furnace, permitting the furnace to reach
> temperatures of 300 DEG C. and more when located at latitudes
> between the 35th parallels. Evacuated insulating elements
> contain the furnace's heat, each element being an evacuated
> block with one or more preferably reflective interior panels.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Furnace**   
> **Inventor: JARDIN ALBERT**   
> **US4407268**   
> **1983-10-04**
>
> ![](us4407.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- The invention comprises a single unit
> which serves as the solar collector, heat storage area and the
> heat exchanger. A generally rectangular tank is provided with
> suitably heavy insulated walls at the bottom, ends and rear.
> One side, facing the sun is open and the opening extends into
> a portion of the top. The top is provided with a thickly
> insulated cover. The open side is provided with a heat
> collecting surface, the preferred angle being the latitude
> plus 10 DEG . The water is carried through suitable tubing
> which enters the tank through one end wall and then out
> through the same or another end wall. The tank is then filled
> with a suitable material having good heat storage and heat
> exchange properties. The best material is an eutectic salt
> having extremely high heat absorption and storage ability in
> direct contact with the container wall which is designed to
> absorb heat radiation, and in direct contact with the tubing
> to transfer the heat to the water passing through. Other
> substances such as concrete can also be used. The heat
> collecting surface is covered with an insulating glass or
> transparent plastic twin-walled sheet. The unit is attached to
> the water supply through the tubing extending at one side, the
> conventional water supply pressure being sufficient to operate
> the unit. The unit is placed on the ground adjacent the
> building. The unit is modular and the effects can be increased
> by adding units in line and hooking them up in series or
> parallel as desired. The system lends itself to the use of
> much smaller units hooked together in banks for easier
> handling.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Furnace Apparatus**   
> **Inventor: STRICKLAND BENJAMIN**   
> **US4422446**   
> **1983-12-27**
>
> ![](us4422.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar furnace apparatus including a
> reflector portion, a collector portion and a fluid transfer
> portion; the reflector portion including a generally
> dish-shaped reflective member, the reflective member having a
> conic section configuration with a large open face and a
> highly reflective internal surface, the reflective member
> including a fixed base section concentric with the axis of the
> reflective member, a plurality of movable curved segments
> extending from the fixed base section to the free edge of the
> open face of the reflective member, the end of each segment
> adjacent to the fixed base section being pivotally connected
> thereto; the collector portion being disposed along the axis
> and the focal point of the reflective member, the collector
> portion including a chamber formed of a plurality of concave
> longitudinal conductive metal sections joined at their edges,
> the cross section of the longitudinal sections forming a
> generally star-shaped configuration, the concave longitudinal
> sections being disposed substantially parallel to the
> longitudinal axis of the reflective member, end sections
> affixed to the free edges of the concave longitudinal sections
> and therewith forming an enclosed chamber, a central conduit
> extending from one of the end sections to a point adjacent the
> other end section but spaced therefrom, a plurality of
> discrete longitudinal baffles disposed within the chamber
> around the central conduit, an inlet and an outlet
> communicating with the chamber.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Low Temperature Solar Furnace and Method**   
> **Inventor: KELLER ROBERT**   
> **US4338917**   
> **1982-07-13**
>
> ![](us4338.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- This disclosure generally relates to a
> technique and apparatus for solar heating which may be adapted
> for heating residential, commercial or industrial buildings,
> and in which the functions of solar energy collection, storage
> and heat-exchange are combined in the same passive structure
> generally consisting of a plurality of cylindrical tubes
> preferably fabricated of glass-fiber reinforced polyester
> resin which are filled with a stationary heat absorbing
> medium, such as water, with their surfaces preferably coated
> with a high absorptance material on to which solar rays are
> directed through a solar "transmittor" or window, and which
> surfaces serve as heat-exchange elements from which heat may
> be extracted in a variety of ways, including passage of air
> and thermal siphoning, and with the tubes enclosed within an
> appropriate insulated chamber. Cooperative action with
> domestic or similar hot water systems may also be achieved.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Heat Transfer and Storage System**   
> **Inventor: BRUCKNER ADAM**   
> **US4727930**   
> **1988-03-01**
>
> ![](us4727.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- An energy storage and conversion system
> utilizes unique heat exchange media for storing and
> transferring heat. In one embodiment, a refractory material is
> heated to the molten state by a solar furnace. The refractory
> material is stored in its molten form and metered to a
> direct-contact heat exchanger. It is fed into the heat
> exchanger in a plurality of streams that break into a
> plurality of droplets. The droplets flow through the heat
> exchanger in countercurrent relationship with a relatively
> inert gas such as argon or nitrogen. The gas is heated and
> expanded through an expansion engine to convert the thermal
> energy to mechanical energy which in turn can be utilized to
> produce electricity, for example. The refractory can be
> sufficiently cooled in the heat exchanger to fuse into beads,
> which can be easily recycled to the solar furnace.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Furnace Supporting Apparatus**   
> **Inventor: STRICKLAND BENJAMIN**   
> **US4363354**   
> **1982-12-14**
>
> ![](us4363.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- Solar furnace supporting apparatus
> including a frame portion, a furnace holding portion and an
> actuating portion, the frame portion including a base section
> and an upstanding section; the furnace holding portion being
> pivotally carried by the frame portion, the furnace holding
> portion including spaced longitudinal members, cross members
> connecting the longitudinal members adjacent the ends thereof,
> a supporting shaft disposed substantially perpendicular to the
> longitudinal members adjacent the centers thereof and being
> engageable with the frame portion adjacent the top of the
> upstanding section thereof, the actuating portion including
> cooperating flexible connectors operatively connected to at
> least one of the longitudinal members at points along the
> length thereof substantially equidistant from the supporting
> shaft, each of the cooperating flexible connectors having one
> end attached to the longitudinal member and extending
> downwardly in a converging relationship to at least one pair
> of adjoining parallel pulleys mounted on a freely rotatable
> first shaft disposed directly below and spaced from the
> supporting shaft and aligned substantially parallel thereto
> passing around at least a portion of the periphery of one of
> the adjoining pulleys, the flexible connectors passing around
> their respective pulleys in opposite directions, each of the
> flexible connectors extending from the pulleys to one of
> adjoining parallel driven drums affixed to a drum shaft
> disposed below and substantially parallel to the first shaft.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Furnace Apparatus**   
> **Inventor: STRICKLAND BENJAMIN**   
> **US4291678**   
> **1981-09-29**
>
> ![](us4291.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar furnace apparatus including a
> reflector portion, a collector portion and a fluid transfer
> portion; the reflector portion including a generally
> dish-shaped reflective member, the reflective member having a
> conic section configuration with a large open face and a
> highly reflective internal surface, the collector portion
> being disposed at the focal point of the reflective member,
> the collector portion including a chamber formed of a
> plurality of concave longitudinal sections and therewith
> forming an enclosed chamber, inlet and outlet members
> communicating with the chamber, the fluid transfer portion
> including a conduit member connected to the inlet and outlet
> members of the collector portion and mechanism associated with
> said conduit member for circulating fluid to heat storage or
> heat dissipating members.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Furnace Support Apparatus**   
> **Inventor: STRICKLAND BENJAMIN**   
> **US4256175**   
> **1981-03-17**
>
> ![](us4256.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- Solar furnace support apparatus including
> frame member, furnace holding member and actuating mechanism,
> the frame member including a base portion and an upstanding
> portion; the furnace holding member being pivotally carried by
> the frame member, the furnace holding member including spaced
> longitudinal members, cross members connecting the
> longitudinal members adjacent the ends thereof, shaft
> mechanism disposed adjacent the center of the longitudinal
> members and disposed adjacent connection of the cross members
> with the longitudinal members, the shaft mechanism being
> engageable with releasable locking members disposed on the
> frame member adjacent the top of the upstanding portion and
> adjacent the base portion thereof, actuating mechanism for
> moving the furnace holding member, the actuating mechanism
> including cooperating mechanism operatively connected to at
> least one of the longitudinal members at points along the
> length thereof substantially equidistant from the center.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Secondary Recovery Method and System Using Solar Energy
> and Concentric Tank Separator**   
> **Inventor: FUQUA DALE (US); SLATER FRANK**   
> **US4249605**   
> **1981-02-10**
>
> ![](us4249.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A secondary oil recovery method and
> system utilizing a concentric tank arrangement receiving crude
> oil from an oil well in the inner tank thereof with the crude
> oil being heated by a solar furnace to facilitate separation
> of water, oil and gas with the water being disposed within the
> outer tank for insulation of the inner tank and for use in an
> injection well for water flooding with the gas being removed
> from the inner tank from a dome trap at the top thereof and
> separated oil being moved to a storage tank or other point of
> use from the inner tank. The solar furnace includes heat
> exchange tubes disposed in the inner and outer tanks and
> oriented in relation to a heat collector panel and provided
> with a heat exchange medium therein by which solar energy is
> used to heat the crude oil in the inner tank as well as the
> water at the bottom thereof and water in the outer tank.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Gas Dissociation Thermal Power System**   
> **Inventor: CHUBB TALBOT**   
> **US3972183**   
> **1976-08-03**
>
> ![](us3972.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A gas dissociation solar thermal power
> system in which SO3 in a solar furnace is heated by a sun ray
> reflector. The SO3 dissociates into SO2 + O2 + absorption of
> heat. The SO2 + O2 gas is directed through a salt-heat chamber
> where it recombines into SO3 and gives off heat. The SO3 is
> directed back to the solar furnace and repeats the cycle.
> Useful heat is taken from the salt-heat chamber for operation
> of an electrical generator or other desired equipment.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Powered Sea Water Evaporating and Condensing Unit**
>   
> **Inventor: RUSH MARTIN**   
> **US3960668**   
> **1976-06-01**
>
> ![](us3960.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A buoyant structure is provided including
> an upwardly opening solar furnace having a boiler disposed
> therein and an upper sun ray collecting and concentrating
> structure at its upper end for collecting and directing rays
> from the sun incident thereon onto heat transfer and absorbing
> surfaces of the boiler. The sun ray collecting and
> concentrating structure is supported above the normal water
> line of the buoyant structure and the latter supports an
> exteriorly mounted condenser unit below the water line of the
> buoyant structure. Air convection lines extend between the
> boiler and the condenser for the purpose of ducting hot moist
> air from the boiler into the condenser and cool drier air from
> the condenser back into the boiler.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Furnace**   
> **Inventor: CLAVIER PHILIPPE**   
> **US4556047**   
> **1985-12-03**
>
> ![](us4556.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- The solar furnace is constructed of
> evacuated glass block solar elements that include an interior
> face, or surface, of zinc. Because of this material,
> substantial solar radiant energy is retained and radiated to
> the interior of the furnace, permitting the furnace to reach
> temperatures of 300 DEG C. and more when located at latitudes
> between the 35th parallels. Evacuated insulating elements
> contain the furnace's heat, each element being an evacuated
> block with one or more preferably reflective interior panels.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Constant Absorption Solar Furnace**   
> **Inventor: BILLHEIMER JAMES**   
> **US4967730**   
> **1990-11-06**
>
> ![](us4967.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A radiant energy concentrator is provided
> for heating a fluid and includes a solar reflector for
> concentrating an increasing flux of radiant energy against a
> conduit containing a heat-absorbing fluid so that the rate of
> absorption of heat energy by the fluid is constant.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar and Wind Powered Generator**   
> **Inventor: FINI JOHN**   
> **US5103646**   
> **1992-04-14**
>
> ![](us5103.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A wind powered device incorporates a
> solar furnace and vortex generator to provide additional power
> and boost the efficiency of the complete system. Two
> concentric dome assemblies connected by a centrally located
> shaft are connected to a base with bearings capable of
> rotating the whole assembly 360 DEG about a vertical axis to
> allow it to turn into the wind. The two domes form a furnace,
> an inner dome providing insulation for a solar boiler and an
> exterior dome refracting the incoming sunlight onto the solar
> boiler. The solar boiler is located at the center of the inner
> dome and generates steam to drive fans positioned at the poles
> of the outer dome. The outer dome also functions as a wind
> powered rotor. Inlet vanes at the periphery of the dome are
> open to the atmosphere. The exterior of the dome is provided
> with trapezoidal or curved channels at regular distances
> parallel to the path of rotation. These channels effect lift
> by the venturi effect. They also channel the light to the
> center of the dome. Fans on the shaft evacuate air from the
> inside of the dome through openings located at the poles of
> the outer dome. As air is pulled through the outer dome and
> through the inlet vanes the outer dome will rotate. The system
> operates simultaneously as a solar furnace, a wind powered
> generator and as a vortex generator.
>
> ---
>
> **Solar Furnace**   
> **Inventor: COTTON EUGENE S; DAVIES JOHN**   
> **US2987961**   
> **1961-06-13**
>
> ---
>
> **Solar lighter**   
> **Inventor: BURCH JOHN D**   
> **US4610240**   
> **1986-09-09**
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **SOLAR FURNACE PATENTS - FOREIGN**
>
> **Solar furnace**   
> **TW259893B**   
> **2006-08-11**
>
> **HEAT PIPE AND JACKET TANK COMPOSITE SOLAR FURNACE HEATING
> SYSTEM**   
> **KR100295267B**   
> **2001-04-26**
>
> **DEVICE FOR TRACING SUN ORBIT AND WATER HEATER USING THE
> SAME**   
> **KR20010079476**   
> **2001-08-22**
>
> **A MECHANISM FOR PRODUCING CARBON NANOMATERIALS IN SOLAR
> FURNACE**   
> **UA76889**   
> **2006-07-17**
>
> **Hermetic high-efficiency solar range**   
> **CN1884938**   
> **2006-12-27**
>
> **Solar furnace**   
> **CN2755508Y**   
> **2006-02-01**
>
> **Solar furnace light and heat focusing mirror**   
> **CN2736702Y**   
> **2005-10-26**
>
> **High efficiency low cost high precision automatic tracking
> solar furnace**   
> **CN2699194Y**   
> **2005-05-11**
>
> **Multifunctional solar furnace**   
> **CN2676104Y**   
> **2005-02-02**
>
> **Indoor heat transfer device for solar range**   
> **CN1641285**   
> **2005-07-20**
>
> **Multifunctional frame solar range**   
> **CN1455211**   
> **2003-11-12**
>
> **Automatic tracking light-focusing solar furnace**   
> **CN2566189Y**   
> **2003-08-13**
>
> **Solar furnace water heater**   
> **CN1553121**   
> **2004-12-08**
>
> **Multi-purpose heat accumulation solar energy oven by
> sun-light focus and optical cable transmission**   
> **CN1200467**   
> **1998-12-02**
>
> **SATELLITE RECEIVING ANTENNA FOR TELEVISION CAPABLE OF
> USING AS SOLAR FURNACE**   
> **CN2120390U**   
> **1992-10-28**
>
> **PLANE OVERLAPPING REFLECTING AND FOCUSING SOLAR FURNACE**
>   
> **CN2054527U**   
> **1990-03-14**
>
> **BIG REFLECTION ANGLE COMPOSITE SOLAR FURNACE**   
> **CN87200194U**   
> **1988-03-02**
>
> **Glass bricks for construction of geodesic house**   
> **GB2408756**   
> **2005-06-08**
>
> **AN APPLIANCE FOR OBTAINING NANOSTRUCTURAL MATERIALS IN THE
> SOLAR FURNACE**   
> **UA69530**   
> **2004-09-15**
>
> **SOLAR FURNACE**   
> **CA2367700**   
> **2003-06-28**
>
> **SOLAR ENERGY CONCENTRATOR AND CONVERTER**   
> **CA2389277**   
> **2000-05-18**
>
> **CONCENTRATING OPTICAL SYSTEM AND CONCENTRATED LIGHT
> UTILIZING APPARATUS**   
> **WO9713104**   
> **1997-04-10**
>
> **Heat engines connected in series-parallel network**   
> **BE1005649**   
> **1993-11-30**
>
> **METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF SILICON CARBIDE POWDER FROM RICE
> HUSK**   
> **RU2299177**   
> **2007-05-20**
>
> **SOLAR FURNACE**   
> **SU1714304**   
> **1992-02-23**
>
> **CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SOLAR FURNACE**   
> **SU1590871**   
> **1990-09-07**
>
> **METHOD OF SOLAR FURNACE ADJUSTING**   
> **SU1481571**   
> **1989-05-23**
>
> **METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ADJUSTING SOLAR FURNACE**   
> **SU1513339**   
> **1989-10-07**
>
> **SOLAR FURNACE FOR HARDENING MATERIALS**   
> **SU866346**   
> **1981-09-23**
>
> **SOLAR FURNACE FOR OBTAINING FILM MATERIALS**   
> **SU866344**   
> **1981-09-23**
>
> **DRIVE FOR SOLAR FURNACE**   
> **SU928590**   
> **1982-05-15**
>
> **SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF SOLAR FURNACE**   
> **SU775541**   
> **1980-10-30**
>
> **MULTICHANNEL SYSTEM FOR REGULATING SOLAR FURNACE
> TEMPERATURE**   
> **SU840802**   
> **1981-06-23**
>
> **HIGH TEMPERATURE SOLAR FURNACE**   
> **SU1781516**   
> **1992-12-15**
>
> **DIFFUSION LENS TYPE LASER FURNACE**   
> **JP7170007**   
> **1995-07-04**
>
> **HEAT ENGINE**   
> **JP2000303946**   
> **2003-10-31**
>
> **DIFFUSED LIGHT RECONVERGING DEVICE**   
> **JP10239527**   
> **1998-09-11**
>
> **SOLAR FURNACE FOR USE IN OUTER SPACE**   
> **JP2103342**   
> **1990-04-16**
>
> **HOT AIR GENERATING DEVICE**   
> **JP63169444**   
> **1988-07-13**
>
> **EXTREMELY HIGH TEMPERATURE CONVERGENT PART DEVICE IN SOLAR
> FURNACE**   
> **JP62225851**   
> **1987-10-03**
>
> **SOLAR FURNACE**   
> **JP57019549**   
> **1982-02-01**
>
> **PRODUCTION OF HIGH PURITY GLASS**   
> **JP55042268**   
> **1980-03-25**
>
> **JET WATER TYPE HYDROGEN PRODUCER**   
> **JP55020245**   
> **1980-02-13**
>
> **CHARCOAL SMOKED SMELTING IN SOLAR FURNACE**   
> **JP54150313**   
> **1979-11-26**
>
> **SOLAR HEAT UTILIZING REACTOR**   
> **JP53118279**   
> **1978-10-16**
>
> **SOLAR FURNACE**   
> **JP53072240**   
> **1978-06-27**
>
> **SOLAR FURNACE PROVIDED WITH SUNBEAM CONDENSING APPARATUS**
>   
> **JP53037043**   
> **1978-04-05**
>
> **FOLDING TYPE SOLAR FURNACE**   
> **JP52103728**   
> **1977-08-31**
>
> **Solar heat collector composed of mirrors**   
> **BE895149**   
> **1983-03-16**
>
> **Mirrored solar heat collector**   
> **BE895148**   
> **1983-03-16**
>
> **SOLAR FURNACE**   
> **CA1179224**   
> **1984-12-11**
>
> **SECONDARY RECOVERY METHOD AND SYSTEM USING SOLAR ENERGY
> AND CONCENTRIC TANK SEPARATOR**   
> **CA1134263**   
> **1982-10-26**
>
> **LOW TEMPERATURE SOLAR FURNACE AND METHOD**   
> **CA1168941**   
> **1984-06-12**
>
> **SOLAR FURNACE**   
> **AU2094276**   
> **1978-06-29**
>
> **SOLAR FURNACE**   
> **AU7637974**   
> **1976-06-17**
>
> **METHOD FOR PRODUCING GASES FROM SOLID WASTE**   
> **GB1534759**   
> **1978-12-06**
>
> **A SOLAR FURNACE APPARATUS**   
> **IN143163**   
> **1977-10-15**
>
> **SOLAR FURNACE**   
> **IN140561**   
> **1976-11-27**
>
> **Inflatable solar furnace...**   
> **FR2893704**   
> **2007-05-25**
>
> **Inflatable reflector for solar furnace...**   
> **FR2832494**   
> **2003-05-23**
>
> ---
>
> **http://www.abc.net.au/canberra/stories/s1963340.htm?backyard**
>   
> June 27, 2007
>
> **The answer to Australia's clean energy
> needs could be in Canberra**
>
> By Claire Gorman
>
> ![](ausolconc.jpg)
>
> The answer to Australias' clean energy needs maybe right
> here in Canberra. The Australian National University is home
> to an invention that could meet 100 per cent of Australia's
> energy needs.
>
> 666 ABC Canberra's environment reporter, Claire Gorman, met
> up with Keith and he showed her the spectacular big dish. The
> 400-square metre dish is the world's largest solar
> concentrator, which shifts with the sun to feed electricity
> back into the grid.
>
> "If we covered an area a couple of times as big as the ACT
> with dishes like this, reasonably spaced out, we could provide
> 100 per cent of Australia's energy needs," Keith said.
>
> One "big dish" provided enough power for about 100 houses, he
> said. Currently the ANU is working on an improved prototype
> which the university hopes will be finished early next year.
>
> Keith explained that the dish followed the sun during the
> day. The mirrors on its surface gather up the radiation and
> focus it to a receiver 13 metres above. The receiver is made
> from tubing with water going through it. The water boils and
> creates super-heated steam with temperatures of up to 500
> degrees Celsius.
>
> "In the same way that in a coal-fired power station we might
> burn coal to make steam...ultimately we are going to use this
> steam for power generation without greenhouse gas emissions,"
> Keith said.
>
> Keith said one of the issues in the current debate about
> clean energy revolved around the potential collapse of coal
> industry. "What do we do for export income?" he asked.
>
> One scenario, he suggested, was a transition to clean energy
> by using solar power for gasification of - or adding energy to
> - coal to create methanol.
>
> Methanol is a petrol substitute and if it is created in this
> way, it is 30 per cent solar-generated and could create export
> income, he said.
>
> "We're not going to beat the current price of coal-fired
> electricity I don't believe. But I think we will beat some of
> the other options, like nuclear power." he said.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR PATENTS - USA**
>
> **Solar Concentrator Array with Grouped Adjustable
> Elements**   
> **US7192146**   
> **2005-02-1**
>
> ![](us7192.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A tracking heliostat array comprises a
> plurality of optical elements. The tracking heliostat array
> further comprises a frame separated from the optical elements.
> Each of the optical elements has an orientation with respect
> to the frame. The tracking heliostat array further comprises a
> plurality of supports coupled to at least one of the optical
> elements. The tracking heliostat array further comprises a
> turnbuckle coupled to at least one of the supports and to the
> frame. Rotation of the turnbuckle causes the corresponding
> support to be displaced relative to the frame. The orientation
> of the optical element relative to the frame is adjustable.
> The tracking heliostat array further comprises a traveling
> actuator configured to rotate at least one of the turnbuckles.
> The tracking heliostat array further comprises a positioning
> mechanism supporting the traveling actuator. The positioning
> mechanism is configured to move the traveling actuator from a
> first selected turnbuckle to a second selected turnbuckle.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Hybrid Solar Lighting Systems and Components**   
> **US7231128**   
> **2004-06-24**
>
> ![](us7231.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A hybrid solar lighting system and
> components having at least one hybrid solar concentrator, at
> least one fiber receiver, at least one hybrid luminaire, and a
> light distribution system operably connected to each hybrid
> solar concentrator and each hybrid luminaire. A controller
> operates each component.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Lightweight, Low-Cost Solar Energy Collector**   
> **US6994082**   
> **2004-03-25**
>
> ![](us6994.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A lightweight solar concentrator of the
> reflecting parabolic or trough type is realized via a thin
> reflecting film, an inflatable structural housing and
> tensioned fibers. The reflector element itself is a thin,
> flexible, specularly-reflecting sheet or film. The film is
> maintained in the parabolic trough shape by means of a
> plurality of identical tensioned fibers arranged to be
> parallel to the longitudinal axis of the parabola. Fiber ends
> are terminated in two identical spaced anchorplates, each
> containing a plurality of holes which lie on the desired
> parabolic contour. In a preferred embodiment, these fibers are
> arrayed in pairs with one fiber contacting the front side of
> the reflecting film and the other contacting the back side of
> the reflecting film. The reflective surface is thereby
> slidably captured between arrays of fibers which control the
> shape and position of the reflective film. Gas pressure in the
> inflatable housing generates fiber tension to achieve a truer
> parabolic shape.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Mark BELA-I Solar Engine**   
> **US2004187496**   
> **2004-09-30**
>
> ![](us04187.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- The Mark BELA-I Solar Engine converts
> solar energy into continuous mechanical movement. The BELA-I
> Solar Engine comprises a set of the following units: (1) Solar
> concentrator (2) Air heating radiator (3) Piston steam engine.
> The latter works on a shuttle action principle which is
> effected by providing a hydraulic link between each pair of
> cylinder blocks. The hydraulic link in all the cylinder pairs
> is effected by connecting each pair of cylinders by means of
> two parallel tube connectors. Each of these connectors is
> provided with two valves, whereby one of the valves is
> controlled by the camshaft rocker, while the other (the
> so-called "normally-open" valve) is closed only by the
> pressure of steam from the inside of its cylinder.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Micro Solar Thermal Power System**   
> **US2004154299**   
> **2004-08-12**
>
> ![](us04154.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- The present invention relates generally
> to the design and fabrication of a micro solar electric power
> generating apparatus and, more particularly, a method of using
> microsolar thermal jets to produce electrical power by
> economical means for residential and commercial buildings. A
> simple rotary jet engine has been developed to drive an
> electrical generator. A hybrid solar concentrator that
> combines the benefit of both parabolic dish and trough has
> been used to raise the enthalpy of the working fluid without
> having end thermal flux leakage that is common to the
> conventional troughs.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrating Liquid Lightguide**   
> **US6619282**   
> **2003-09-16**
>
> ![](us6619.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- This nontracking solar concentrator can
> be larger than a football field and produce a 20 sun focus. A
> tank holds panels to collect light and water to guide light to
> the focus. The tank has a wide field of view that eliminates
> the need for a sun-tracking mechanism.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Rotating Solar Concentrator**   
> **US6557804**   
> **2003-05-06**
>
> ![](us6557.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A non-imaging solar concentrator having a
> primary concentrator and a turntable. The primary concentrator
> is mounted to the turntable such that it is rotatable about a
> turntable axis and a secondary axis that is orthogonal to the
> turntable axis. Rotation of the primary concentrator about the
> turntable and secondary axes permits the primary concentrator
> to be positioned anywhere within the visible sky, even when a
> solar offset angle of 90 degrees is not used.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Method and System for Controlling Operation of an Energy
> Conversion Device**   
> **US6688303**   
> **2003-07-03**
>
> ![](us6688.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A method and system is described for
> controlling a solar collector. A microprocessor receives
> inputs from one or more sensors in the system and determines
> the level of operation of an energy conversion device. If the
> level of operation reaches a predetermined setpoint below a
> maximum level at which the device is to operate, a variable
> focus solar concentrator is defocused to reduce energy input
> into the energy conversion device. When the system cools down
> and operates at a second predetermined level, lower than the
> first predetermined level, the concentrator is then refocused
> to increase the power input to the energy conversion device.
>
> ---
>
> **Solar Receiver Adaptive Tracking Control**   
> **US6442937**   
> **2002-09-03**
>
> ![](us6442.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar power system having a solar
> concentrator for concentrating solar energy, a receiver for
> converting the solar energy into another form of energy, and a
> control system for controlling the flux input to the solar
> receiver. The control system includes a plurality of sensors
> and a controller. The solar receiver is divided into a
> plurality of discrete sectors, with at least one of the
> sensors being coupled to each sector and producing a sensor
> signal that is related to the magnitude of the flux input to
> that sector. The controller is coupled to the sensor monitors
> each of the sensor signals, calculates a differential.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Method and Apparatus for Controllably Positioning a
> Solar Concentrator**   
> **US2003045949**   
> **2003-03-06**
>
> **Abstract** --- A method, apparatus, control system and
> computer program product are provided for controllably
> positioning the solar concentrator. The method, apparatus,
> control system and computer program product determine the
> respective errors generated by more and different error
> sources than prior techniques, including error sources
> selected from the group consisting of a gravitational residue
> error, an elevation transfer function error and an error
> attributable to atmospheric refraction. Based upon the
> respective errors, the method, apparatus, control system and
> computer program product determine an elevation command and an
> azimuth command to compensate for the vertical error and the
> horizontal error between the centerline of the solar
> concentrator and the sun reference vector such that the solar
> concentrator can be more precisely positioned, thereby
> improving the efficiency with which the solar concentrator
> collects solar energy.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Method and Apparatus for Aligning a Solar Concentrator
> using Two Lasers**   
> **US6597709**   
> **2003-07-22**
>
> ![](us6597.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A method and apparatus are provided for
> aligning the facets of a solar concentrator. A first laser
> directs a first laser beam onto a selected facet of the
> concentrator such that a target board positioned adjacent to
> the first laser at approximately one focal length behind the
> focal point of the concentrator is illuminated by the beam
> after reflection thereof off of the selected facet. A second
> laser, located adjacent to the vertex of the optical axis of
> the concentrator, is used to direct a second laser beam onto
> the target board at a target point thereon. By adjusting the
> selected facet to cause the first beam to illuminate the
> target point on the target board produced by the second beam,
> the selected facet can be brought into alignment with the
> target point. These steps are repeated for other selected
> facets of the concentrator, as necessary, to provide overall
> alignment of the concentrator.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Space Concentrator for Advanced Solar Cells**   
> **US6252155**   
> **2001-06-26**
>
> ![](us6252.jpg)
>
> **Abstract ---** A solar concentrator is provided that
> comprises two stages. The first stage comprises either a
> trough-shaped concentrator cusp unit having two major opposed
> sides joined by two ends. The inner surfaces of the first
> stage concentrator are mirrored. Further, the ends have two
> flat, angled surfaces, while the two sides have a
> Bezier-generated cylindrical shape that approximate parabolic
> surfaces followed by a straight section. The second stage
> comprises a bi-axial gradient refractive index (GRIN) element,
> in which two gradient refractive index materials, each having
> a high index surface and a low index surface, are joined
> together along their high index surfaces. The two ends of the
> bi-axial element are flat, while the two sides also have a
> Bezier-generated cylindrical shape that approximate parabolic
> surfaces followed by a straight section. The top surface of
> the bi-axial element is provided with a cylindrical surface,
> while the bottom, or exit, surface is ground flat. The high
> index boundary is parallel to the side surfaces of the first
> stage unit. A solar cell is bonded to the flat exit surface of
> the second stage of the concentrator of the present invention.
> An array of such concentrators and solar cells, in which the
> solar cells are electrically interconnected, may then be
> deployed for converting solar energy into useful electrical
> energy. The 2-D/3-D concentrator evidences much lower mass
> than prior art concentrators. Further, as the array, or panel,
> of solar cells wobbles in space, the concentrator will
> continue to operate, even at lower efficiencies, due to the
> larger acceptance angle. Concentration ratios on the order of
> 50x are realized with the present concentrator. However,
> design studies allow concentration ratios in excess of 300x
> when used with 3-D versions of the same concept. The second
> stage can comprise mirrored surfaces. Or, the first stage can
> comprise a conical section and the second stage a radial GRIN
> element.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Thermal Rocket**   
> **US6290185**   
> **2001-09-18**
>
> ![](us6290.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar thermal rocket that includes a
> thermal energy storage section, a radiant inter-heater, a
> primary solar concentrator, and a propulsion nozzle. The
> primary solar concentrator is selectively movable to direct
> solar energy to either the thermal energy storage section or
> to the radiant inter-heater. The thermal energy storage
> section, along with insulation, is arranged to define a cavity
> such that a focused beam of solar rays can enter the cavity
> through an aperture in the insulation. The thermal energy
> storage section typically absorbs and stores solar energy
> during the non-propulsion portion of the orbital period. The
> solar rays are captured and absorbed and thereby heat the
> thermal energy storage section to very high temperatures. A
> radiant inter-heater directly receives concentrated solar rays
> and transfers the heat to the propellant during the propulsion
> phase. The propellant heated by the inter-heater is directed
> through the thermal energy storage section where it is further
> heated to its peak temperature and then expelled through the
> nozzle to produce thrust. With the inter-heater, the rate of
> heat extraction from the thermal energy storage section is
> reduced, prolonging the period of peak propellant temperature,
> resulting in an overall higher average specific impulse.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator Array**   
> **US6091017**   
> **2000-07-18**
>
> ![](us6091.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A high efficiency, light weight solar
> concentrator array particularly suitable for use with space
> vehicles. Parallel rows of mirror assemblies are mounted on a
> base plate having high thermal conductivity. Each mirror
> assembly comprises back-to-back mirror strips having
> reflecting front faces. Photovoltaic cells are placed ion the
> base plate between rows of mirror assemblies. The reflecting
> faces reflect incident light to the photovoltaic cells to
> produce electric power. Preferably, the reflecting faces have
> a cylindrical parabolic configuration with a line of focus
> approximately along the interface between the photovoltaic
> cell and the edge of the opposite mirror strip adjacent to the
> cell. The mirror strips may typically be roll formed from
> metal strips, cast from fiber reinforced plastic material and
> coated with a reflecting layers, etc. The rows may be mounted
> on the base plate by strips across the ends of mirror
> assemblies, or by additional mirror assemblies arranged
> transverse to the original mirror assembles.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Stretched Fresnel Lens Solar Concentrator for Space
> Power**   
> **US6075200**   
> **2000-06-13**
>
> ![](us6075.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A novel, high-efficiency, extremely
> light-weight, robust stretched Fresnel lens solar concentrator
> for space power is described. It consists of a flexible
> Fresnel lens attached to end supports, wherein said end
> supports stretch the lens to maintain its proper position and
> shape on orbit in space. One embodiment of the new
> concentrator includes means for lens deployment on orbit in
> space. In this embodiment, prior to deployment, the flexible
> lens and end supports are folded into a flat, low-volume
> package for efficient launch into space. Another embodiment of
> the new concentrator includes non-deployable means of
> stretching the lens to maintain its proper position and shape
> in space. Both embodiments of the new concentrator approach
> will provide significant advantages over the prior art in
> space photovoltaic concentrator arrays. Photovoltaic
> concentrator arrays using the new stretched lens will be much
> lighter and more economical than prior space concentrator
> arrays. Also, photovoltaic concentrator arrays using the new
> stretched lens will be easier to stow into a compact volume
> for launch, and easier to deploy on orbit than prior space
> concentrator arrays. In addition, the new stretched lens will
> eliminate the need for a fragile glass superstrate to support
> the lens, substantially improving robustness of the lens.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Immersed Photovoltaic Solar Power System**   
> **US6034319**   
> **2000-03-07**
>
> **Abstract** --- An immersed solar concentrator system has
> a concentrator element for directing light rays onto a solar
> cell. The solar cell has a surrounding reflective surface for
> reflecting light rays which are not absorbed by the solar cell
> but strike the reflective surface. The immersion medium, which
> is disposed between the solar cell and the concentrator
> element, has a refractive index for reflecting the reflected
> light rays, by total internal reflection, in a direction
> towards the solar cell so that at least some of the reflected
> light rays are absorbed by the solar cell.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Light Weight Reflector Facet**   
> **US5956191**   
> **1999-09-21**
>
> ![](us5956.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A light weight arcuate reflector facet,
> for a solar concentrator is disclosed, which comprises a thin
> mirrored glass sheet such as a microsheet, and a backing sheet
> or substrate, the glass sheet being bonded to the backing
> sheet, with the backing sheet providing a smooth surface to
> the glass sheet. A support member or support structure is
> attached to the backing sheet and maintains the mirrored glass
> sheet at a desired radius of curvature. The backing sheet is
> preferably a composite, and according to one embodiment of a
> fixed focal length light weight reflector facet, the support
> member is a resin-impregnated fiberglass sheet having a rib
> structure. In another embodiment of a variable focal length
> light weight reflector facet, the support member is a
> mechanical structure comprising a circular support structure
> having intersecting center support beams positioned diagonally
> across the circular support structure. An actuator rod is
> mounted at the center of the support beams and attached to the
> backing sheet, and is effective when actuated, to deflect the
> mirrored glass sheet to a desired curvature, and including
> corner supports for the circular support structure.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Inflatable Fresnel Lens Solar Concentrator for Space
> Power**   
> **US6111190**   
> **2000-08-29**
>
> ![](us6111.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A novel, high-efficiency, extremely
> light-weight, inflatable refractive solar concentrator for
> space power is described. It consists of a flexible Fresnel
> lens, flexible sides, and a back surface, together enclosing a
> volume of space which can be filled with low pressure gas to
> deploy the concentrator on orbit. The back surface supports
> the energy receiver/converter located in the focal region of
> the Fresnel lens. The back surface can also serve as the waste
> heat radiator. Prior to deployment, the deflated flexible lens
> and sides are folded against the back surface to form a flat,
> low-volume package for efficient launch into space. The
> inflatable concentrator can be configured to provide either a
> line focus or a point focus of sunlight. The new inflatable
> concentrator approach will provide significant advantages over
> the prior art in two different space power areas: photovoltaic
> concentrator arrays and high-temperature solar thermal
> conversion systems. Photovoltaic concentrator arrays using the
> new inflatable lens will be much lighter than prior space
> concentrator arrays. In addition, for photovoltaic
> concentrator arrays, the new inflatable lens will eliminate
> the need for a fragile glass superstrate to support the lens,
> substantially improving robustness of the lens. Solar thermal
> concentrator arrays using the new inflatable lens will be much
> lighter than prior art space concentrators which used
> parabolic mirrors. In addition, for solar thermal applications
> in space, the new inflatable lens will eliminate the need for
> high surface accuracy, which has been a significant problem
> for prior art concentrators.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Axially-Graded Index-Based Couplers for Solar
> Concentrators**   
> **US5936777**   
> **1999-08-10**
>
> ![](us5936.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- An optical coupler is provided that
> comprises a single lens component, comprising two
> axially-graded index of refraction elements, each having a low
> refractive index surface and a high refractive index surface
> and joined along their respective high refractive index
> surfaces. As configured, the optical coupler is useful as a
> solar concentrator for concentrating solar radiation onto a
> solar cell or other solar-receptive medium.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Color-Mixing Lens for Solar Concentrator System and
> methods of manufacture and operation thereof**   
> **US6031179**   
> **2000-02-29**
>
> ![](us6031.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A color-mixing lens for use in a
> concentrator system and methods of manufacture and operation
> thereof. The color-mixing lens includes: (1) a
> light-transmissive substrate that receives broad spectrum
> light from a source, (2) a first plurality of prisms, located
> on the substrate, that refract and chromatically disperse the
> light received therein toward a first plurality of locations
> on an active region of a target cell, and (3) a second
> plurality of prisms located on the substrate that refract and
> chromatically disperse the light received therein toward a
> second plurality of locations on the active region. Relative
> dimensions of the first and second pluralities of prisms are
> preselected to cause the chromatically-dispersed light to mix
> and thereby increase a power output of the target cell by
> reducing inter-junction currents therein.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator for Heat and Electricity**   
> **US6080927**   
> **2000-06-27**   
> ![](us6080.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar concentrator for producing usable
> power as heat and/or electricity uses a self-steering heliostat
> 1502 to concentrate solar radiation 1509 onto an absorbing
> surface such as, or including, a solar cell array 1511 capable
> of absorbing power from the radiation, meanwhile removing heat
> (such as from long-wave infra-red radiation or resistive losses)
> from the surface with fluid heat transfer means 1503, 1504, then
> making effective use of that low-grade heat. Thus the solar cell
> array is kept relatively cool and a larger proportion of the
> solar energy incident on the reflector unit is used. The
> invention uses electricity 1506 from the solar cells to move a
> transporting fluid through a heat exchanger 1504. Excess
> electricity may be available for local storage or use 1510, or
> feeding 1512 to the power distribution grid. Applications
> include warming swimming pools 1501, heating hot-water supplies
> using excess electricity, or warming, lighting and ventilating
> open spaces.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Light-weight Reflector Facet**   
> **US5751503**   
> **1998-05-12**
>
> ![](us5751.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A light weight arcuate reflector facet,
> for a solar concentrator comprises a thin mirrored glass sheet
> such as a microsheet, and a backing sheet or substrate, the
> glass sheet being bonded to the backing sheet, with the
> backing sheet providing a smooth surface to the glass sheet. A
> support member or support structure is attached to the backing
> sheet and maintains the mirrored glass sheet at a desired
> radius of curvature. The backing sheet is preferably a
> composite, and according to one embodiment of a fixed focal
> length light weight reflector facet, the support member is a
> resin-impregnated fiberglass sheet having a rib structure. In
> another embodiment of a variable focal length light weight
> reflector facet, the support member is a mechanical structure
> comprising a circular support structure having intersecting
> center support beams positioned diagonally across the circular
> support structure. An actuator rod is mounted at the center of
> the support beams and attached to the backing sheet, and is
> effective when actuated, to deflect the mirrored glass sheet
> to a desired curvature, and including corner supports for the
> circular support structure.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Concentrating Coverglass for Photovoltaic Cells**   
> **US5959787**   
> **1999-09-28**
>
> ![](us5959.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A concentrating coverglass allows
> efficient power generation for providing higher specific
> powers by space power arrays with weight penalties being
> countered by combining the functions of a solar concentrator
> and protective coverglass into a single element. A preferred
> frustoconical lens achieves a concentration ratio of about 4.5
> at a thickness of about 1.0 mm. Efficient space power arrays
> with relatively wide tracking angle tolerance of up to about
> +/-5 DEG using these coverglasses permit heavier payloads in
> the satellite's operating systems over traditional satellite
> designs.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator having an Offset Parabolic
> Configuration**   
> **US5882434**   
> **1999-03-16**
>
> **Abstract** --- The solar concentrator system includes a
> generally parabolic-shaped primary reflector having a flat
> region at the center thereof, so that the focus of the primary
> reflector is a ring about the center axis of the reflector, in
> the plane of the rim thereof. A receiver, in the shape of an
> inverted, truncated cone, is positioned so that the peripheral
> surface of the receiver is approximately coincident with the
> ring focus. Solar cells are positioned in lines on the
> peripheral surface of the receiver. Prefilter tubular
> secondary concentrator elements are positioned just in front
> of the lines of solar cells, providing an additional focusing
> capability and improving the concentration of the solar rays,
> while being spaced sufficiently that the unilluminated areas
> between the lines of solar cells can accommodate electrical
> interconnectors.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Rolled Film Solar Concentrator**   
> **US5865905**   
> **1999-02-02**
>
> ![](us5865.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A concentrating solar array consisting of
> a roll of reflective film which is stretched between tension
> wires strung between a pair of wire stays. There is a roll of
> film and a take up roll such that the film can be unrolled
> from the storage roll and pulled toward the take-up roll to
> replace degraded film. A pair of extension arms holds a solar
> cell at a fixed position relative to the solar concentrator
> film surface to receive concentrated sunlight. The roll of
> reflective film ensures the life requirements of the solar
> concentrator can be met in space, by replacing exposed
> concentrator film as it degrades.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator**   
> **US5787878**   
> **1998-08-04**
>
> ![](us5787.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A steam boiler (14) is situated on a
> tower (16) at the center of concentric tracks (17), (18), and
> (19). Poles (21) and (23) have wheels (25) running on the
> tracks. The poles are kept upright on the tracks with guylines
> (35) and struts (31) and (33). The poles carry frameworks (24)
> with mirrors (12) attached to them. As the earth turns, the
> poles move along the tracks, keeping the mirrors on the
> opposite side of the boiler from the sun and keeping sunlight
> focused approximately on the boiler. As the poles move, the
> frameworks pivot to fine tune the focusing. Each framework
> pivots about a horizontal axle (26) of the framework and about
> the vertical axis of one of the poles (21). Hydraulic
> cylinders (66) and (70) in series circuits (82) and (78)
> respectively pivot the frameworks collectively. The frameworks
> are arranged so the power needed to pivot the frameworks is
> the same on windy days and calm days. At night and when storms
> approach, the poles move to closely-spaced tracks (20) where
> the frameworks form a protective shell (38), (40), (41) and
> (42) around the mirrors.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Adaptive Thermal Controller for Heat Engines**   
> **US5899071**   
> **1999-05-04**
>
> ![](us5899.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar to mechanical or electric power
> conversion system which has a controller that varies the speed
> of a cooling fan and cooling fluid pump fan in accordance with
> the available solar energy intensity, ambient temperature
> surrounding the system and other operating conditions. The
> system includes a suitable heat source such as an isotope heat
> source, fuel combustor, or a solar concentrator that delivers
> solar energy to a focal point by reflection from mirrors or by
> Fresnel lens. A suitable solar concentrator may also be based
> upon on densifying the solar photon count by a Winston
> concentrator. For solar heated devices based on concentrated
> solar energy, a receiver is located at the focal point. This
> receiver is heated by concentrated solar energy. Heat is
> transferred to a working fluid which powers a heat engine. The
> heat engine converts the thermal energy into mechanical
> energy. The mechanical energy is transmitted to a load coupled
> to the engine. The temperature of the working fluid is lowered
> by transfer to the surroundings by operation of means selected
> from the group including a cooling fluid valve means, variable
> rate fan, a variable rate pump, a cooling fluid to air heat
> exchanger, a cooling fluid to ground heat exchanger, and a
> change of phase heat exchanger. The speed of the fan and pump
> are controlled by a controller which also senses the ambient
> temperatures that are available and the temperature of the
> cooling fluid. The controller computes an optimum cooling
> fluid temperature as a function of energy expenditure and
> controls fan, valve, and pump operations to achieve the
> desired energy conversion optimization.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Luminescent Solar Concentrators using Light
> Amplification Processes**   
> **US5431742**   
> **1995-07-11**
>
> ![](us5431.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- The invention is drawn to a planar
> luminescent solar concentrator including an optical fiber
> comprised of laser material. Solar energy collected by the
> concentrator is processed into laser radiation emitted by the
> optical fiber with high energy density corresponding to a
> concentration factor much greater than possible with prior art
> luminescent solar concentrators.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Lightweight Solar Concentrator Cell Array**   
> **US5344496**   
> **1994-09-06**
>
> ![](us5344.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A self supporting solar concentrator cell
> array adapted for use in space applications that includes a
> plurality of cylindric parabolic reflective mirror surfaces,
> each of which focus recipient sunlight forwardly onto a focal
> line which is positioned approximately on the backside of an
> adjacent mirror surface on which is secured a solar element
> for converting the focussed sunlight into electricity. A front
> element extending upwardly from the leading edge of each
> mirror surface cooperates in providing an aperture through
> which the focussed sunlight passes and side elements close
> each cell element. The backside of each mirror is provided
> with a thermally emissive surface to provide mirror thermal
> control and allows the mirror to act as a thermal radiator fin
> for the solar cell elements. The mirror surface is provided
> with a highly reflective coating such as aluminum or silver to
> optimize reflectivity. The solar cell concentrator cell array
> is made by forming an uncured advanced organic composite part
> blank over a highly polished tool surface to impart the
> desired mirror surfaces. The solar concentrator cell array is
> cured, for example, by heated press means to form a unitary
> integral cell array that is entirely self supporting and
> provides structural stability while providing optimum
> electrical power output for minimum weight.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Energy Concentrator and Collector System and
> Associated Method**   
> **US5529054**   
> **1996-06-25**
>
> ![](us5529.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A power generating system comprises a
> solar concentrator defining an effectively concave reflective
> surface on a surface of the earth for concentrating incoming
> solar energy. A solar collector is disposed in an underground
> chamber provided with an access opening. The solar collector
> receives solar energy concentrated by the concentrator and
> converting the concentrated solar energy to another energy
> form, generally thermal energy, which is subsequently
> convertible to electrical power. Directional componentry is
> provided for directing concentrated solar energy from the
> concentrator along a predefined folded transmission path
> through the access opening to the collector.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Method of Manufacturing... Solar Concentrators for use
> therewith**   
> **US5517339**   
> **1996-05-14**   
>  
>
> ![](us5517.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- An improved method of manufacturing
> holographic elements for solar concentrator, which is a
> necessity for the future of viable low cost solar power.
> Utilizing extremely high relative humidity levels during the
> fabrication of holographic plates, exposing the holographic
> plate to electromagnetic radiation at particular humidity
> levels, and having a relative angle between recording beams
> during exposure makes it possible to fabricate high efficiency
> holographic elements that diffract over a broad bandwidth. These
> high efficiency, broad bandwidth holographic elements are most
> effective in certain solar concentrating systems.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Roof Module having an Integral Solar Energy Concentrator**
>   
> **US5564411**   
> **1996-10-15**
>
> ![](us5564.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- The present invention relates to a roof
> module having an integral solar energy concentrator. The
> present modules can be combined to form a weathertight roof
> with an integral solar concentrator. Radiant solar energy can
> be collected from this modular roof using reflected solar
> energy collectors, among other solar energy concentrating or
> energy transferring elements. The present invention results in
> a lower weight and easier to install system for placing solar
> energy concentrators atop a structure, and thus, lower the
> cost collecting radiant solar energy from atop a building or
> roofed structure.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator System**   
> **US5542409**   
> **1996-08-06**
>
> ![](us5542.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar concentrator system, comprising a
> plurality of long metal foils with a reflective surface,
> longitudinally tensioned from both free ends by respective end
> moving frames with tensioning means, and supported by a
> plurality of uniformly spaced intermediate moving frames. Each
> moving frame has a respective driving crank, secured to a
> common bushing, mounted on a horizontal shaft, said shaft
> being secured to a respective support pedestal, a plurality of
> said support pedestals being secured to a common transverse
> beam, forming a common support structure. A solar concentrator
> module has a pair of end support structures with anchor means,
> and a plurality of uniformly spaced intermediate support
> structures with sliding means. Each of said end and
> intermediate support structures has driving means for driving
> said moving frames, thus forming a plurality of individual
> support and driving units.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Wide-Angle Solar Concentrator**   
> **US5174275**   
> **1992-12-29**
>
> ![](us5174.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- The present invention is a
> cross-sectional arrangement for solar concentrators which is
> comprised of a concave reflective boundary, of at least two
> receiver-converters residing within the concavity, and of
> additional reflecting means within the field-of-sight of the
> concave reflective boundary and, preferably, within the
> confine of the reflective boundary.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Effective and Simple Solar Concentrator**   
> **US5245985**   
> **1993-09-21**
>
> ![](us5245.jpg)
>
> **Abstract ---** The present invention is a concentrating
> solar receiver-converter composed of at least two generally
> through-shape reflectors whose lengths run essentially
> north-south and which lean eastward and westward away from
> each other to a desired extent and each of which contains
> absorber-converter means residing in the cavity of the
> reflector, which communicates with energy-receiving means by
> way of appropriate energy-conveying means.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Rapid Defocusing System for Electromagnetic Radiation
> Reflective Concentrator**   
> **US5210654**   
> **1993-05-11**
>
> ![](us5210.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A system for rapidly defocusing a solar
> concentrator has a plurality of variably curved reflectors
> carried on a frame for concentrating energy toward a target.
> The reflectors have an elastic reflective membrane secured to
> a hollow housing and are focused by an evacuation assembly
> which draws the membrane into the housing and into a concave
> configuration. The defocusing system comprises an inflation
> assembly which rapidly inflates the housing, moving the
> membrane out of the focused position to an unfocused position.
> The inflation assembly reacts to a control mechanism and
> comprises compressed air stored at about 100 psi.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator Array**   
> **US5180441**   
> **1993-01-19**
>
> ![](us5180.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar concentrator panel having an
> array of off axis cylindrical parabolic mirrors with an
> optical design of relatively short focal length solar cells
> arranged in line that converts sunlight to electricity. The
> back surface of the mirrors are used as the solar cell mount
> and the heat sink for the adjacent mirror. By appropriate
> positioning of the adjacent mirror so that the focal line of
> the parabola falls within the boundary or rim of the mirror
> reflected solar light can be directed to the solar cell
> mounted on the back of the adjacent mirror and converted to
> electricity
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Planar Photovoltaic Solar Concentrator Module**   
> **US5167724**   
> **1992-12-01**
>
> ![](us5167.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A planar photovoltaic concentrator module
> for producing an electrical signal from incident solar
> radiation includes an electrically insulating housing having a
> front wall, an opposing back wall and a hollow interior. A
> solar cell having electrical terminals is positioned within
> the interior of the housing. A planar conductor is connected
> with a terminal of the solar cell of the same polarity. A lens
> forming the front wall of the housing is operable to direct
> solar radiation incident to the lens into the interior of the
> housing. A refractive optical element in contact with the
> solar cell and facing the lens receives the solar radiation
> directed into the interior of the housing by the lens and
> directs the solar radiation to the solar cell to cause the
> solar cell to generate an electrical signal. An electrically
> conductive planar member is positioned in the housing to rest
> on the housing back wall in supporting relation with the solar
> cell terminal of opposite polarity. The planar member is
> operable to dissipate heat radiated by the solar cell as the
> solar cell generates an electrical signal and further forms a
> solar cell conductor connected with the solar cell terminal to
> permit the electrical signal generated by the solar cell to be
> measured between the planar member and the conductor.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Thermal Propulsion Engine**   
> **US5138832**   
> **1992-08-18**
>
> ![](us5138.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- The invention is directed to a solar
> thermal propulsion engine which comprises: (a) an ogive solar
> collection cavity with inner and outer walls having
> therebetween a heat exchange medium which can pass and heat a
> propellant fluid, and having its highest temperature deep
> within the cavity, and (b) a nozzle attached to and
> communicating with the heat exchange medium through which the
> heated propellant fluid can be passed to create thrust. In
> addition, this invention is directed to a solar thermal
> propulsion engine which comprises. (a) a heat exchanger having
> a geometry such that it has inner and outer walls having
> therebetween an open cell foam heat exchange medium through
> which a propellant can pass with tubulence, wherein solar
> radiation can heat the inner wall and the open foam heat
> exchange medium to, in turn, heat the propellant, and (b) a
> nozzle attached to and communicating with the open cell foam
> heat exchange medium through which the heated propellant fluid
> can be passed to creat thrust. In a preferred embodiment, the
> heat exchange medium of the ogive solar collection cavity is
> the open cell foam heat exchange medium. In a more preferred
> embodiment, such a preferred solar thermal propulsion engine
> further includes a paraboloid solar concentrator having the
> foam heat exchange medium in its walls.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Universal Solar Concentrator Panel**   
> **US4999059**   
> **1991-03-12**
>
> ![](us4999.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar concentrator device has a solar
> energy receiver and a solar energy reflector including a
> plurality of individual panels turnable about two mutually
> perpendicular axes so that the panels in one row are jointly
> turnable about a first axis, the panels in the same row are
> turnable also relative to two further axes.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Power System**   
> **US4896507**   
> **1990-01-30**
>
> ![](us4896.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar power system includes a solar
> concentrator and a power conversion unit for converting direct
> solar energy from the concentrator to electrical energy to
> power appropriate loads. The power conversion unit operates
> through the medium of a working fluid, such as a
> turbo-generator. An integrated combustor/heat exchanger is
> coupled to the power conversion unit for heating the working
> fluid during periods of solar eclipse and giving off a water
> combustion product in the form of water vapor. An electrolyzer
> receives the water combustion product and regenerates the
> product to gaseous hydrogen and oxygen. The electrolyzer is
> coupled to the power conversion unit as to be powered thereby
> during the periods of excess electrical energy. The
> regenerated hydrogen and oxygen is used in the integrated
> combustor/heat exchanger during periods of solar eclipse.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator Device and Support Structure Therefor**
>   
> **US5058565**   
> **1991-10-22**
>
> ![](us5058.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar concentrator device is disclosed.
> The device includes a solar concentrating panel having a
> longitudinal axis and defining a parabolic surface having a
> focal line substantially parallel to its longitudinal axis.
> The parabolic surface terminates in opposed longitudinal side
> edges. A mechanism is provided for rotating the panel about
> its longitudinal axis. Finally, an arrangement provides
> torsional support for the panel and includes a frame structure
> aligned obliquely to the longitudinal axis and extending
> between the opposed longitudinal side edges of the parabolic
> surface.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Fixation of Nitrogen by Solar Energy**   
> **US4873061**   
> **1989-10-10**
>
> ![](us4873.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- Mixtures of reactant gases containing
> nitrogen are reacted by being raised to very high temperatures
> at the focal plane of a solar concentrator when radiant energy
> is absorbed by a metal screen or other porous material in
> contact with the reactants at the focal plane of a solar
> concentrator and the resulting products of combined nitrogen
> are rapidly cooled in a unique heat transfer unit which
> rapidly transfers the heat of the product gases to the
> reactant gases and the rapid cooling of the product fixes the
> high temperature equilibrium proportions to achieve larger
> proportions of product than would be possible by gradual
> cooling. The heat that is transferred from the product gases
> to a set of clusters of metal tubes during one period of a
> cycle is transferred from the tubes to reactant gases during a
> second period of the cycle by a reversal of gas flow direction
> through the tubes and through the screen, the reversal also
> causing a second set of tubes, which was cooled by the
> transmission of reactant gases to the screen in the first
> period, to absorb heat from the products during the second
> period with the effect that repeated reversal of gas flow
> direction provides a two part cycle in which one, then the
> other, set of tubes first absorbs product heat and later gives
> up the heat to preheat incoming reactant gases. The coaxial
> placement of the various sets of heat transfer tubes with
> their openings confronting and immediately adjacent to the
> screening the focal plane provides for very rapid cooling and
> removal of the product before it can undergo any gradual
> cooling.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Variable Aperture, Variable Flux Density, Aerospace
> Solar Collector**   
> **US4888063**   
> **1989-12-19**
>
> ![](US4888.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A trough-type reflecting solar
> concentrator and receiver system for aerospace use is
> disclosed. The reflecting surface is a thin flexible sheet
> attached to and disposed between curved ribs. The amount of
> the sheet reflecting sunlight can be changed by winding the
> unnecessary quantity of sheet onto a roll. The focal length of
> the curved ribs and therefore the sheet can be changed by
> flexurally deforming the curved ribs by applying end loads,
> causing a change in the flux density at the receiver. A
> similar result is achieved by changing the distance between
> the reflecting surface and the receiver. The receiver is a
> photovoltaic array, thermal absorber, or a combination of
> both. Means for proportioning the amount of energy incident on
> each type of receiver is disclosed. A spectral splitting
> thermal absorber with scattering capability is disclosed as a
> pre-filter for the photovoltaic array.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Moderate to Moderately High Temperature Solar Liquid
> Heater**   
> **US4815444**   
> **1989-03-28**
>
> **Abstract** --- The present invention is a solar
> concentrator trough of wide-angle capability disposed
> east-west lengthwise in an inverted V shape. The legs of the
> inverter V include an angle of less than 180 degrees as
> measured on the underside of the trough. The trough leans at
> an appropriate angle toward a path of solar traverse so as to
> function for any desired fraction of the year without
> adjustment. Heated liquid rises to the high point in the
> concentrator's absorber conduit and flows by conduit to a
> reservoir. Higher temperature performance is achieved in part
> by making minimal adjustments to the angle of lean.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Photovoltaic Power Modules and Methods for Making Same**
>   
> **US4834805**   
> **1989-05-30**
>
> ![](us4834.jpg)
>
> **Abstract ---** A solar concentrator photovolataic power
> module of small scale wherein a plurality of pre-fabricated
> photovoltaic solar cells reside in a matrix array in a
> substrate comprised of a pair of thin sheet conductors
> separated by an insulator sheet. A lens sheet on which a
> multiplicity of lenses have been formed is disposed in a fixed
> spaced relation to the substrate and operates to focus
> radiation (sunlight) onto the photo active surfaces of the
> cells in order to generate electricity. The overall thickness
> of the module including the substrate, lens sheet and space
> between the two is less than two inches. The laminated
> substrate is formed by disposing a plurality of pre-fabricated
> solar cells in a matrix array onto a back conductor,
> overlaying onto the back conductor an insulator which
> surrounds each of the cells and overlaying onto the insulator
> a top conductor. After electrical and mechanical heat
> activated bonding materials are disposed between the elements
> of the substrate, the laminate is heated until the substrate
> is bonded into a single rigid module substrate.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Nonimaging Concentrator Lens Arrays and Microfabrication
> of the same**   
> **US2003095340**   
> **2003-05-22**
>
> ![](us0309.jpg)
>
> **Abstract ---** This project encompassed design and
> fabrication of a single pixel for a solar concentrator
> photovoltaic monolithic microarray. Photovoltaic concentrators
> offer a competitive electricity cost. Such concentrating
> microarrays may enable photovoltaic cells with 40-50%
> efficiency using III-V compound heterostructures. The main
> components of the design include a thin film solar cell, an
> array of soft polymer microlenses to optimally concentrate
> solar radiation, and a heat sink to manage the heat
> dissipated. Microlens arrays were fabricated in
> polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using soft lithography techniques
> and the optical properties (absorbance, lens magnification,
> aberrations, etc) were characterized. The results indicate
> that such microarrays can be used for a monolithic
> concentrating photovoltaic array.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Planar Solar Concentrator Power Module**   
> **US2003201007**   
> **2003-10-30**
>
> ![](us0320.jpg)
>
> **Abstract ---** A planar concentrator solar power module
> has a planar base, an aligned array of linear photovoltaic
> cell circuits on the base and an array of linear Fresnel
> lenses or linear mirrors for directing focused solar radiation
> on the aligned array of linear photovoltaic cell circuits. The
> cell circuits are mounted on a back panel which may be a metal
> back plate. The cell circuit area is less than a total area of
> the module. Each linear lens or linear mirror has a length
> greater than a length of the adjacent cell circuit. The cell
> circuit may have cells mounted in shingle fashion to form a
> shingled-cell circuit. In an alternative module, linear
> extrusions on the circuit element have faces for mounting the
> linear mirrors for deflecting sun rays impinging on each
> mirror onto the shingled-cells. The linear extrusions are
> side-wall and inner extrusions with triangular cross-sections.
> The circuit backplate is encapsulated by lamination for
> weather protection. The planar module is generally rectangular
> with alternating rows of linear cell circuits and linear
> lenses or linear mirrors.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Performance Improvements of Symmetry-Breaking Reflector
> Structures in Nonimaging Devices**   
> **US2003081333**   
> **2003-05-01**
>
> ![](us0308.jpg)
>
> **Abstract ---** A structure and method for providing a
> broken symmetry reflector structure for a solar concentrator
> device. The component of the optical direction vector along
> the symmetry axis is conserved for all rays propagated through
> a translationally symmetric optical device. This quantity,
> referred to as the translational skew invariant, is conserved
> in rotationally symmetric optical systems. Performance limits
> for translationally symmetric nonimaging optical devices are
> derived from the distributions of the translational skew
> invariant for the optical source and for the target to which
> flux is to be transferred. A numerically optimized
> non-tracking solar concentrator utilizing symmetry-breaking
> reflector structures can overcome the performance limits
> associated with translational symmetry.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Co-Generator**   
> **US2004011395**   
> **2004-01-22**
>
> ![](us0401.jpg)
>
> **Abstract ---** A solar co-generator for producing both
> heat energy and electricity is disclosed. A solar concentrator
> directs sunlight into a container lined with solar cells and
> filled with a thermal transfer fluid. The fluid is transparent
> with respect to certain wavelengths of light that may be
> converted to electricity by the solar cell, but is opaque with
> respect to longer wavelengths, particular the infrared band.
> The infrared portion of the sunlight heats the thermal
> transfer fluid, which then transfer that heat through a
> storage facility using a heat exchange mechanism. The thermal
> transfer fluid increases the efficiency of photovoltaic
> generation by preventing heating of the solar cells due to
> infrared radiation. The thermal transfer fluid may be a
> mixture containing barium sulfate and a suspension of zinc
> sulfide phosphors. A fluorescing anti-reflective coating may
> be applied to the solar cells to further increase efficiency.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator Array with Individually Adjustable
> Elements**   
> **US6959993**   
> **2005-02-17**
>
> ![](us6959.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A tracking heliostat array comprises a
> plurality of optical elements. The tracking heliostat array
> further comprises a frame separated from the optical elements.
> Each of the optical elements has an orientation with respect
> to the frame. The tracking heliostat array further comprises a
> plurality of supports coupled to at least one of the optical
> elements. The tracking heliostat array further comprises a
> turnbuckle coupled to at least one of the supports and to the
> frame. Rotation of the turnbuckle causes the corresponding
> support to be displaced relative to the frame. The orientation
> of the optical element relative to the frame is adjustable.
> The tracking heliostat array further comprises a traveling
> actuator configured to rotate at least one of the turnbuckles.
> The tracking heliostat array further comprises a positioning
> mechanism supporting the traveling actuator. The positioning
> mechanism is configured to move the traveling actuator from a
> first selected turnbuckle to a second selected turnbuckle.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Thermal Aircraft**   
> **US2005242232**   
> **2005-11-03**
>
> ![](us0524.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar thermal powered aircraft powered
> by heat energy from the sun. A heat engine, such as a Stirling
> engine, is carried by the aircraft body for producing power
> for a propulsion mechanism, such as a propeller. The heat
> engine has a thermal battery in thermal contact with it so
> that heat is supplied from the thermal battery. A solar
> concentrator, such as reflective parabolic trough, is movably
> connected to an optically transparent section of the aircraft
> body for receiving and concentrating solar energy from within
> the aircraft. Concentrated solar energy is collected by a heat
> collection and transport conduit, and heat transported to the
> thermal battery. A solar tracker includes a heliostat for
> determining optimal alignment with the sun, and a drive motor
> actuating the solar concentrator into optimal alignment with
> the sun based on a determination by the heliostat.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Hybrid Solar Lighting Distribution Systems and
> Components**   
> **US2004187908**   
> **2004-09-30**
>
> ![](us0418.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A hybrid solar lighting distribution
> system and components having at least one hybrid solar
> concentrator, at least one fiber receiver, at least one hybrid
> luminaire, and a light distribution system operably connected
> to each hybrid solar concentrator and each hybrid luminaire. A
> controller operates all components.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Motion-Free Tracking Solar Concentrator**   
> **US6958868**   
> **2005-10-25**
>
> ![](us6958.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- An integrated solar concentrator and
> tracker is constructed from a beam deflector for unpolarized
> light in combination with a fixed optical condenser. The
> one-dimensional beam deflector consists of a pair of prism
> arrays made from a material whose refractive index can be
> varied by applying an electric field. Two of the
> one-dimensional concentrators can be arranged with their faces
> in contact and with their prism arrays perpendicular to
> construct a two-dimensional beam deflector. The intensity and
> distribution of an applied field modifies the refractive index
> of the individual prisms in order to keep direction of the
> deflected beam fixed as the incident beam shifts. When the
> beam deflector is used with the fixed concentrator the result
> is that the position of the focus remains fixed as the source
> moves.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Self Tracking, Wide Angle Solar Concentrators**   
> **US670055**   
> **2004-10-07**
>
> ![](us6700.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar concentrator system includes an
> optical element having a plurality of lenses superimposed on
> the surface of a larger lens, the optical element directing
> and at least partially focused rays onto the solar cell.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Manufacture of and Apparatus for Nearly Frictionless
> Operation of a Rotatable Array of Micro-Mirrors in a Solar
> Concentrator Sheet**   
> **US6987604**   
> **2005-08-25**
>
> ![](us6987.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- Due to an ever growing shortage of
> conventional energy sources, there is an increasingly intense
> interest in harnessing solar energy. The instant invention can
> contribute to the goal of achieving environmentally clean
> solar energy to be competitive with conventional energy
> sources. A novel method is described for manufacturing a
> transparent sheet with an embedded array of mirrored
> spheroidal micro-balls for use in a solar energy concentrator,
> and analogous applications such as optical switches and solar
> rocket assist. The micro-balls are covered with a thin
> spherical shell of lubricating liquid so that they are free to
> rotate in an almost frictionless encapsulation in the sheet.
> Novel method and apparatus are presented for producing the
> preferred embodiment of a close-packed monolayer of the array
> of mirrored micro-balls.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Group Alignment of Solar Concentrator Micro-Mirrors**
>   
> **US6957894**   
> **2005-08-04**
>
> ![](us6957.jpg)
>
> **Abstract ---** Due to an ever growing shortage of
> conventional energy sources, there is an increasingly intense
> interest in harnessing solar energy. The instant invention is
> concerned with method and apparatus for the group alignment of
> solar concentrator micro-mirrors and the maximization of the
> percentage of incident light that is reflected to the
> receiver. Novel method and apparatus are taught for the
> alignment in large groups or ensembles of micro-mirrors of a
> micro-optics solar concentrator system for single-axis and
> two-axis tracking. Broadly this invention deals with novel
> concepts used for alignment in the focussing of light wherever
> mirrors are used for focussing such as for solar propulsion
> assist, illumination and projection of light, optical
> switching, etc. A particularly important objective is the
> focussing of sunlight for solar power conversion and
> production. The instant invention can contribute to the goal
> of achieving environmentally clean solar energy on a large
> enough scale to be competitive with conventional energy
> sources.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Alignment of Solar Conentrator Micro-Mirrors**   
> **US6964486**   
> **2005-07-28**
>
> ![](us6964.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- Due to an ever growing shortage of
> conventional energy sources, there is an increasingly intense
> interest in harnessing solar energy. The instant invention is
> concerned with method and apparatus for the alignment of solar
> concentrator micro-mirrors and the maximization of the
> percentage of incident light that is reflected to the
> receiver. Novel method and apparatus are taught for operating
> the addressing and alignment micro-optics solar concentrator
> system for single-axis and two-axis tracking. Broadly this
> invention deals with novel concepts used for alignment in the
> focussing of light wherever mirrors are used for focussing
> such as for solar propulsion assist, illumination and
> projection of light, optical switching, etc. A particularly
> important objective is the focussing of sunlight for solar
> power conversion and production. The instant invention can
> contribute to the goal of achieving environmentally clean
> solar energy on a large enough scale to be competitive with
> conventional energy sources.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Power Generation by Solar/Pneumatic Cogeneration in a
> large, natural or man-made, open pit**   
> **US2005150225**   
> **2005-07-14**
>
> ![](us0515.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- This patent describes a method for power
> generation combining a solar concentrator and a pneumatic
> power tube system. Solar energy is concentrated to solar
> thermal receivers by a plurality of heliostat mirrors placed
> along the embankment of an open pit mine. The air in the
> pneumatic tubes is heated by direct and/or waste heat energy
> recovered from a solar power system and/or from a variety of
> sources. The invention is novel in its integration of a solar
> powered heat engine and a modular design, pneumatic power tube
> wherein a means of structural support for the tube(s) can be
> provided by the geophysical surroundings. The novel design
> features of the power tube pit include: its use of
> state-of-the art wind turbine power recovery, solar reflective
> surfaces for solar energy collection, heat pipe arrays for
> ground source heat recovery and air diffuser subsystems for
> enhanced wind turbine efficiency.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Passive Solar Tracker for a Solar Concentrator**   
> **US2004112373**   
> **2004-06-17**
>
> ![](us0411.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- The efficient operation of a solar
> concentrator requires the radiation collector to be pointed
> directly at the sun. The present invention represents one
> approach to a passive solar tracking system capable of
> focusing solar radiation onto a small target at all times of
> the year. The device consists of a two-axis gimbal system with
> its orientation controlled by interconnected ballasts filled
> with a volatile fluid. Accurate focusing is realized by
> ensuring that each significant mass element is balanced by
> another element of equal mass equidistant from and
> diametrically opposite to it through the point of intersection
> of the two gimbal axes for all possible orientations of the
> system.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Parabolic Solar Concentrator Module**   
> **US2004118395**   
> **2004-06-24**
>
> ![](us0411.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar concentrated module with a
> bidimensional parabolic profile geometry, comprises one or
> more rigid self-supporting panels having a parabolic cross
> section and a rectilinear longitudinal extension. The said
> panels comprise a central sandwich structure including a
> central honeycomb core and two thin outer skins of a high
> resistance material, forming a lightweight and particularly
> rigid construction. The panels adapted to support thin
> reflecting surfaces, the geometry of which is such as to
> concentrate incident sunlight rays along a longitudinal
> receiving tube, within which a fluid to be headed flows. An
> automated driver may be provided for moving the panels to
> follow the movement of the sun during the day.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Surface Coating for a Collector Tube of a Linear
> Parabolic Solar Concentrator**   
> **US2004126594**   
> **2004-07-01**
>
> ![](us0412.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A surface coating material for heat
> collector elements (HCE) of solar plants, is a multi-layer
> structure comprising a lower infrared-reflecting metal layer,
> an upper layer of a non-reflecting material, and an
> intermediate layer of a composite ceramic-metallic (CERMET)
> material having upper and lower layers of different volumetric
> metal fractions. The lower layer has a volumetric metal
> fraction higher than that of the upper CERMET layer. The
> ceramic matrix of the CERMET is formed by amorphous silicon
> dioxide (SiO2). The reflecting metal layer has a thickness
> ranging from 90 to 110 nm. The lower CERMET layer has a
> thickness ranging from 70 to 80 nm and a volumetric metal
> fraction in the range from 0.45 to 0.55. The upper CERMET
> layer has a thickness ranging from 70 to 80 nm and volumetric
> metal fraction ranging from 0.15 to 0.25. The layer of
> anti-reflecting material layer has a thickness ranging from 65
> to 75 nm.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator**   
> **US6903261**   
> **2004-07-15**
>
> ![](us6903.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar concentrator module comprising a
> front lens on its front face, a receiver cell on its rear face
> and a reflector between the front lens and the receiver cell,
> said reflector having inclined sidewalls along at least two
> opposite sides of the receiver cell characterised in that the
> reflectors are truncated and in that the sidewalls of the
> reflectors are inclined in such a way that, for a 0 [deg]
> off-pointing, solar rays are reflected on the inclined side
> walls of the reflectors before impinging on the receiver cell,
> to produce a relatively uniform illumination on the receiver
> cell for a range of off pointing acceptance angle superior to
> zero degree.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator and Manufacturing Method Therefor**
>   
> **US4863224**   
> **1989-09-05**
>
> ![](us4863.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar concentrator comprises a prism
> having radiation input, reflection and output faces. Located
> on the input and/or reflection face(s) is a layer of material
> with a formed three-dimensional hologram of transmitting type
> in the case of the input face or of reflecting type in the
> case of the reflection face. The structure of the hologram
> permits radiation input to the prism at an angle greater than
> the critical angle of total internal reflection to be
> reflected within the prism without being diffracted by the
> hologram.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Liquid-Cooled Sealed Enclosure for Concentrator Solar
> Cell...**   
> **US4830678**   
> **1989-05-16**
>
> ![](us4830.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- The sealed enclosure for an electrical
> power generation solar concentrator holds and protects the
> photovoltaic cell from ambient conditions and thermal shock,
> while multiple fingers of front and rear electrical contact
> terminals accommodate thermal expansion and contraction of the
> cell and minimize mechanical stresses on the cell. This sealed
> enclosure also holds the secondary lens and protects the
> internally reflective truncated conical rear surface of the
> lens. A base member has a socket for receiving the cell and
> its associated front and rear terminal members together with
> an insulator alignment disc having an opening receiving the
> cell and for aligning the cell with the axis of the
> concentrator. A front housing removably screws onto the base
> member with an inturned front lip gripping a peripheral flange
> on the secondary lens, thereby aligning it with the cell and
> firmly pressing it against the cell front for causing thermal
> mass and inertial of the lens to moderate temperature changes
> in the cell. The base member screws onto a pedestal of a
> finned heat sink of good thermal conductivity fitting into a
> pre-punched hole in a panel of the concentrator, thus aligning
> the sealed enclosure with the concentrator axis. The pressure
> of the secondary lens on the cell causes the cell back to
> press onto its multiple-fingered rear contact member of good
> electrical and thermal conductivity which in turn is pressing
> against a thin electrical insulator in good thermal
> conductivity with the heat sink pedestal.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Point Focus Solar Concentrator...**   
> **US4784700**   
> **1988-11-15**
>
> ![](us4784.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A point focus solar concentrator which
> uses various geometries of cylindrical reflector strips some
> of which are tilted to simulate a point focus by overlaying
> the line focii of each segment at a coincident point. Several
> embodiments of the invention are disclosed that use
> cylindrical parabolic, cylindrical hyperbolic or flat
> reflector strips to concentrate incident solar energy for use
> by a solar dynamic engine located at the focal point. Also
> disclosed is a combined photovoltaic/solar dynamic engine
> concentrator energy system that uses this arrangement of
> mirrors.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Splined Radial Panel Solar Concentrator**   
> **US5104211**   
> **1992-04-14**
>
> ![](us5104.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A splined radial panel solar collector
> structure approximates compound curvature surfaces by a
> three-dimensional arrangement of compactly stowable flat
> reflective panel segments mounted on a collapsible,
> space-deployable support structure of linear components. The
> support framework is formed of an umbrella-like framework of
> radially-extending ribs, struts and cords which deploy away
> from a central hub to form a system of radial trusses. A
> semirigid reflective surface structure is divided into
> sections of radial panels which are supported and shaped by an
> arrangement of radially tensioned flexible tape members
> aligned with the ribs. Connecting ties between the tapes and
> the ribs cause the tapes to assume a catenary curve. The ribs
> and flexible tape members are bridged circumferentially by
> sets of cords and ties to which the panels are joined. These
> cord and tie pairs place the panels in bending to effect a
> "splined" approximation of a parabola in the radial direction.
> The panels are arranged in a side-by-side relationship so as
> to be foldable in the circumferential direction during
> stowage. The panels are also discontinuous in the radial
> direction along lines connecting adjacent rib hinges in order
> to allow the reflective surface to be folded at the hinge
> points during stowage. As a result, each gore is effectively
> subdivided into a number of radial sections determined by the
> number of hinges along each rib and associated tape member.
> Openings are provided between the ends and sides of the panel
> strips so as to permit relative movement during folding and
> deployment, and to allow the panels to expand and contract
> with temperature change.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Offset Truss Hex Solar Concentrator**   
> **US5054466**   
> **1991-10-08**
>
> ![](us5054.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar energy concentrator system
> comprises an offset reflector structure made up of a plurality
> of solar energy reflector panel sections interconnected with
> one another to form a piecewise approximation of a portion of
> a (parabolic) surface of revolution rotated about a prescribed
> focal axis. Each panel section is comprised of a plurality of
> reflector facets whose reflective surfaces effectively focus
> reflected light to preselected surface portions of the
> interior sidewall of a cylindrically shaped solar energy
> receiver. The longitudinal axis of the receiver is tilted at
> an acute angle with respect to the optical axis such that the
> distribution of focussed solar energy over the interior
> surface of the solar engine is optimized for dynamic solar
> energy conversion. Each reflector panel section comprises a
> flat, hexagonally shaped truss support framework and a
> plurality of beam members interconnecting diametrically
> opposed corners of the hexagonal framework recessed within
> which a plurality of (spherically) contoured reflector facets
> is disposed. The depth of the framework and the beam members
> is greater than the thickness of a reflector facet such that a
> reflector facet may be tilted (for controlling the effective
> focus of its reflected light through the receiver aperture)
> without protruding from the panel section.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Space Deployable Domed Solar Concentrator...**   
> **US4845511**   
> **1989-07-04**
>
> ![](us4845.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A space deployable solar energy
> concentrator is formed of a dome-shaped arrangement of
> compactly stowable flat panel segments mounted on a
> collapsible, space-deployable support structure of
> interconnected linear components. The support structure is
> comprised of a plurality of tensioned, curvilinear edge strips
> which extend in a radial direction from a prescribed vertex of
> a surrounding umbrella-like framework of radially extending
> rib members. Between a respective pair of radially-extending,
> curvilinear edge strips an individual wedge-shaped panel
> section is formed of a plurality of multi-segment lens panel
> strips each of which is supported in tension between the pair
> of edge strips by a pair of circumferentially extending
> catenary cord members connected to a pair of ribs of the
> surrounding umbrella-like framework. A respective lens panel
> strip is comprised of a plurality of flat, generally
> rectangular-shaped, energy-directing panels arranged
> side-by-side in the circumferential direction of the dome.
> Adjacent panels are interconnected by flexible U-shaped hinges
> which overlap opposing edges of adjacent panels and engage
> respective cylindrically-shaped, load distribution bars that
> slide within the flexible hinges. Because each U-shaped hinge
> is flexible, it is permitted to shift in the circumferential
> direction of the panel section to facilitate stowage and
> deployment of the dome.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Variable Aperture, Variable Flux Density, Aerospace
> Solar Collector**   
> **US4719903**   
> **1988-01-19**
>
> ![](us4719.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A trough-type reflecting solar
> concentrator and receiver system for aerospace use is
> disclosed. The reflecting surface is a thin flexible sheet
> attached to and disposed between curved ribs. The amount of
> the sheet reflecting sunlight can be changed by winding the
> unnecessary quantity of sheet onto a roll. The focal length of
> the curved ribs and therefore the sheet can be changed by
> flexurally deforming the curved ribs by applying end loads,
> causing a change in the flux density at the receiver. A
> similar result is achieved by changing the distance between
> the reflecting surface and the receiver. The receiver is a
> photovoltaic array, thermal absorber, or a combination of
> both. Means for proportioning the amount of energy incident on
> each type of receiver is disclosed. A spectral splitting
> thermal absorber with scattering capability is disclosed as a
> pre-filter for the photovoltaic array.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator Plates**   
> **US4661649**   
> **1987-04-28**
>
> **Abstract** --- The invention provides a solar
> concentrator plate doped with a dye selected from the group
> consisting of GF Orange-Red, Fluorol 555,
> oxazine-4-perchlorate, LDS 730, LDS 750, BASF 241, BASF 339,
> and combinations thereof with each other or with GF Clear with
> 3-phenyl-fluoranthene.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Combined Solar and Signal Receptor Device**   
> **US4788555**   
> **1988-11-29**
>
> ![](us4788.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A parabolic reflector for combined use as
> a solar concentrator and communications antenna having both a
> shared and joint use mode. In both the joint and shared use
> mode, the dish concentrates the electromagnetic energy at the
> focal point where a signal receptor such as a feed horn and
> LNA captures the signal. In the shared use system, a heat
> exchanger is positioned to receive solar flux and the signal
> receptor is shielded or is in an out-of-the-way position
> during periods of high solar energy. In a joint use system,
> the location of the receptor of solar energy and the receptor
> of electromagnetic energy are separated by use of selective
> surfaces which selectively reflect and absorb energy. In one
> embodiment, a wire mesh having a mesh size of less than
> approximately one-sixteenth of the wavelength of the signal
> radiation is interposed to reflect electromagnetic energy to
> the signal receptor but allows solar energy to pass through to
> impinge upon the heat exchanger.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Methods and Apparatus Relating to Photovoltaic
> Semiconductor Devices**   
> **US4638110**   
> **1987-01-20**
>
> ![](us4638.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar concentrator-photovoltaic module
> having a matrix of miniaturized photovoltaic cells is formed
> by using a laser beam to form the miniaturized photovoltaic
> cell sites in situ. A laminated sheet is formed by a
> light-transmissive lens sheet having a matrix of lenses, and a
> substrate including a conductor layer formed onto the bottom
> side of the lens sheet. The laminated sheet is then irradiated
> using laser beams directed normal to and through each lens of
> the lens sheet, to perforate the substrate including the
> conductor layer forming cell sites. Cells can be formed in
> situ by applying an amorphous or multi-crystalline
> semi-conductor material to the cell sites from the bottom of
> the laminated sheet. The laminated sheet is then irradiated
> further with laser beams directed through each of the lenses,
> to thereby convert the amorphous material to a properly doped
> and fully crystalline photovoltaic junction. The bottom of the
> laminated sheet is then coated with final lower conductive and
> sealing layers to protect the laminated sheet from
> environmental effects.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Illumination Device**   
> **US4593976**   
> **1986-06-10**
>
> ![](us4593.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar concentrator having a stationary
> reflective collector (20) located to view the sky and reflect
> solar energy to a stationary reflective reflector (30)
> positioned to receive such reflected energy and reflect the
> energy toward a target within a structure through a side wall
> (19). A low angle shield (32) prevents most direct rays from
> entering, unreflected, into a work space inside the structure
> and a shield (36) prevents solar energy, reflected by the
> collector (20) and the reflector (30) from penetrating a plane
> (38) space above the floor a distance generally equal to the
> height of the eye of an occupant standing on the floor of the
> structure.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Circular Arc Solar Concentrator**   
> **US4587951**   
> **1986-05-13**
>
> ![](us4587.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar energy concentrator and collector
> having a concentrator made up of one or more anticlastic
> panels that feature a non-developable doubly curved surface.
> The panels are concave in the north-south direction and convex
> in the east-west direction. In one embodiment, the panels are
> formed to have parallel circular arcs in the north-south
> direction of increasing radius from the center of the panel to
> its edges and having a curved cross-section in the east-west
> direction. The concentrator reflects light to a narrow zone of
> concentration which moves within a plane in response to
> changes in the angle of incidence of sunlight thereon. A
> method for forming the specially shaped reflective fiber
> reinforced plastic panel is also disclosed.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Balanced Solar Concentrator System**   
> **US4583520**   
> **1986-04-22**
>
> ![](us4583.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- This solar concentrator system is
> configured such that the base pedestal attachment point is
> located on the beam connecting the curved solar reflector and
> the heat energy receiver power conversion unit, herein
> envisioned as a Stirling engine. This attachment point is
> located near the balance point CG (Center of Gravity) of the
> power conversion unit-supporting beam-curved reflector
> subsystem such that the loads on the base pedestal and the
> attached solar tracking drive systems are minimized.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Protective Telescoping Shield for Solar Concentrator**
>   
> **US4586487**   
> **1986-05-06**
>
> ![](us4586.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- Apparatus is described for use with a
> solar concentrator such as a parabolic dish (12, FIG. 2) which
> concentrates sunlight onto the small opening (18) of a solar
> receiver (16), for protecting the receiver in the event of a
> system failure that could cause concentrated sunlight to
> damage the receiver. The protective apparatus includes a
> structure which can be moved from a stowed position (30) where
> it does not block sunlight, to a deployed position (30A)
> wherein it forms a tube which substantially completely
> surrounds an axis (26) connecting the receiver opening to the
> center of the concentrator at locations between the receiver
> and the concentrator.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Method for making a Solar Concentrator and Product**   
> **US4571812**   
> **1986-02-25**
>
> ![](us4571.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar concentrator of substantially
> parabolic shape is formed by preforming a sheet of highly
> reflective material into an arcuate section having opposed
> longitudinal edges and having a predetermined radius of
> curvature and applying a force to at least one of the opposed
> edges of the section to move the edges toward each other and
> into a predetermined substantially parabolic configuration and
> then supporting it.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Tilted Panel Linear Echelon Solar Collector**   
> **US4800868**   
> **1989-01-31**
>
> ![](us4800.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar concentrator with wide effective
> aperture is disclosed, which comprises at least one linear
> echelon reflector element which is inclined with respect to
> the direction of incident solar radiation to direct incident
> solar radiation to a line focus.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Modular Solar Concentrator**   
> **US4457297**   
> **1984-07-03**
>
> ![](us4457.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** ---  A modular solar radiation
> concentrator consists of many identical reflective panels (1),
> each having the shape of a portion of the surface of a sphere.
> The panels (1) are mass produced, mounted between a pair of
> horizontal beams (2) so they can partially rotate about two
> orthogonal axes, and aligned as part of multi-beam (2) modules
> (3) on a test fixture so that all panels (1) reflect distant
> radiation upon a small aperture (36). Spaces occur between all
> panels (1) when mounted in the concentrator. The reflector
> support structure (4) has a finite number of identically
> angled bends so that the overall reflector (47) approximates
> the surface of a sphere. A solar radiation receiver (34) is
> hingedly suspended to the support structure (4) at the focal
> point of each of the panels (1). The reflector (47) is mounted
> upon an azimuth/elevation mount (6, 46), which rotates
> reflector (47) 360 DEG about a vertical azimuth axis and 90
> DEG or more about an orthogonal elevation axis.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Fixed Solar Concentrator-Collector-Satelite Receiver and
> Co-Generator**   
> **US4490981**   
> **1985-01-01**
>
> ![](us4490.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- An insolation and micro wave receiver
> fixedly installed in alignment with the suns azimuth and
> within the look angle of a satellite, and comprised of
> holographic windows recorded according to time related to the
> suns position as zone plates to concentrate infrared light
> into a Rankine cycle power generating receiver and to
> columnate ultraviolet light onto a photo voltaic power
> generating plane, utilizing a micro wave dish as the substrate
> support of photo voltaic cells and as a condenser of the
> Rankine cycle operating an induction generator synchronous
> with an external alternating current power system, and with
> the photo voltaic power synchronized therewith by commutation.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator Protective System**   
> **US4449514**   
> **1984-05-22**
>
> ![](us4449.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A system is described for use with a
> solar concentrator such as a parabolic dish type that
> concentrates solar radiation onto a small opening (18) of a
> receiver, for protecting the receiver in certain
> circumstances, including tracking failure wherein the
> concentrated solar radiation would fall on the face plate (26)
> surrounding the receiver opening and burn it, or in the event
> of lack of coolant circulation which could cause burning of
> the receiver cavity walls (22). The protective system includes
> a shutter mechanism (30) stored in an open configuration
> beside the receiver opening and operable in case of failure to
> close shutters (34) over the opening, while also moving the
> mechanism away from the opening and closer to the dish
> concentrator so that only less concentrated solar radiation
> must be blocked by the shutter mechanism. The shutter
> mechanism can include a fuse wire (52) having one portion
> surrounding the receiver opening and another portion which
> supports the shutter mechanism against moving towards its
> closed position. A tracking failure causes concentrated
> sunlight to strike the fuse wire to break it and allow the
> shutter mechanism to move towards a closed position.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Support Carriage for a Solar Concentrator**   
> **US4491388**   
> **1985-01-01**
>
> ![](us4491.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A support system for a solar concentrator
> (10), the support system capable of rotating the solar
> concentrator (10) in both a horizontal, or azimuth plane, and
> in a vertical, or altitude, plane. The support system includes
> a footing (12) to which a spindle (14) is anchored. A central
> mast (22) is rotatably positioned on the spindle (14). A
> bearing (40) is positioned near the top of the mast (22). A
> drive wheel (24) is secured to the mast (22) near the bottom
> thereof and rotates therewith. A motor (36) is used to rotate
> the drive wheel (24), and hence the central mast, in the
> horizontal plane. A system of counterweights (42, 43) and
> struts (46, 47, 48, 54, 55 and 56 for one counterweight 42 as
> an example) which connects the bearing (40) and the solar
> concentrator (10) permits rotation of the solar concentrator
> in the vertical plane. The counterweight and strut system is
> arranged such that the solar concentrator passes over the top
> of the mast (22) and beyond while the counterweights (42, 43)
> pass on opposite sides of the mast (22).
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Thermal Energy Storage Methods and Processes**   
> **US4402306**   
> **1983-09-06**
>
> ![](us4402.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A thermal energy collecting and storing
> device including a thermally insulated storage vessel
> including a heat retaining material holding chamber, a solar
> portal in the top of the vessel, the solar portal including a
> tubular member having upper and lower portions extending from
> the top of the vessel into the heat retaining material holding
> chamber and spaced from the side walls of the vessel and
> wherein the spacing between the side walls and the tubular
> member forms a second peripheral chamber about the solar
> portal. Substantially filling the holding chamber as well as a
> portion of the second peripheral chamber is a material having
> a low melting point and good heat retaining capacity. The
> peripheral chamber includes an expansion area above the heat
> retaining material so that the material is allowed to expand
> when heated. Means are provided for closing the lower portion
> of the tubular member and for transmitting energy to the heat
> retaining material. A transparent sheet is situated across the
> upper surface of the solar portal for closing the upper
> portion of the tubular member. The transparent sheet and the
> means for closing the lower portion of the tubular member are
> spaced from each other and form a third chamber which
> insulates the holding chamber from the outside environment. A
> solar concentrator is positioned above the solar portal for
> directing concentrated solar rays through the solar portal and
> on to the means for transmitting energy to the heat retaining
> material.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Modular Solar Concentrator**   
> **US4463749**   
> **1984-08-07**
>
> ![](US4463.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A modular solar radiation concentrator
> consists of many identical reflective panels (1), each having
> the shape of a portion of the surface of a sphere. The panels
> (1) are mass produced, mounted between a pair of horizontal
> beams (2) so they can partially rotate about two orthogonal
> axes, and aligned as part of multi-beam (2) modules (3) on a
> test fixture so that all panels (1) reflect distant radiation
> upon a small aperture (36). Spaced occur between all panels
> (1) when mounted in the concentrator. The reflector support
> structure (4) has a finite number of identically angled bends
> so that the overall reflector (47) approximates the surface of
> a sphere. A solar radiation receiver (34) is hingedly
> suspended to the support structure (4) at the focal point of
> each of the panels (1). The reflector (47) is mounted upon an
> azimuth/elevation mount (6, 46), which rotates reflector (47)
> 360 DEG about a vertical azimuth axis and 90 DEG or more about
> an orthogonal elevation axis.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator**   
> **US4440153**   
> **1984-04-03**
>
> ![](US4440.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar concentrator which comprises a
> solid block of a transparent material having a planar incident
> surface positioned to receive solar rays and, opposite this
> surface, a curved reflective surface so that the material of
> the block completely fills the space between these surfaces.
> At the incident surface an absorber is provided and the
> curvature of the reflective surface is such that it is at
> least partly parabolical and adapted to reflect solar rays
> traversing the body through the body again to the absorber.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Collector**   
> **US4469088**   
> **1984-09-04**
>
> ![](US4469.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- The present invention relates to a solar
> collector for obtaining high temperature thermal energy by
> collecting solar energy, especially to the improvement of
> performance and safety of an absorber tube containing thermal
> energy storage material. Precisely, the solar collector has a
> double tube structure at the focal line of a solar
> concentrator where thermal energy storage material changeable
> from a solid phase to a liquid phase is enclosed in the space
> between the inner tube and the outer tube, heat transfer fluid
> is introduced through the inner tube and the outer surface of
> the inner tube and the inner surface of the outer tube have
> partial contact with each other. Consequently, in accordance
> with the present invention, a part of the absorbed solar
> energy is transferred directly to the inner tube without
> passing through the thermal energy storage material and heats
> the heat transfer fluid efficiently because of the direct
> contact of the inner and outer tubes.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **High Efficiency Multiple Layer, All Solid-State
> Luminescent Solar Concentrator**   
> **US4488047**   
> **1984-12-11**
>
> ![](US4488.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- Simply stated, the luminescent solar
> concentrator of the present invention comprises a plurality of
> optically coupled flat planar luminescent layers having a
> major surface for receipt of incident radiation and at least
> one edge surface through which radiation can escape, each of
> said layers having on the top and bottom surface thereof a
> light transparant layer having an index refraction which is
> lower than the index refraction of the luminescent layer. All
> of the layers are joined so as to form an all solid state
> luminescent solar collector.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Method for a Solar Concentrator Manufacturing**   
> **US4691994**   
> **1987-09-08**
>
> ![](us4691.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A method of manufacturing a solar
> concentrator employing a prism having a radiation input face,
> a reflection face and at least one radiation output face. The
> method comprises the steps of providing the prism with its
> reflection face angularly disposed with respect to the input
> face. A layer of light-sensitive material is deposited on the
> input face of the prism. An auxiliary prism and a substance
> having a refractive index close to that of the light-sensitive
> material is provided with the substance placed between the
> light-sensitive material and the auxiliary prism. Next, an
> interference pattern is recorded in the light-sensitive layer
> to obtain a three dimensional hologram. This is accomplished
> by using a reference laser beam and an object laser beam. The
> reference laser beam is sent to the light-sensitive layer via
> the auxiliary prism and the substance in the direction of
> propagation of the incident radiation to be concentrated. The
> object laser beam is directed via the auxiliary prism at an
> angle with respect to the light-sensitive layer such that
> fringe planes are formed in the light-sensitive layer in order
> to diffract incident radiation at the angle. The auxiliary
> prism and the substance are removed, and the light-sensitive
> layer is developed. The angular relationship between the
> reflection face, the input face and the angle are chosen to
> preclude the diffraction of a beam which has been reflected
> from the reflection face.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Energy Collector**   
> **US4379613**   
> **1983-04-12**
>
> ![](us4379.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- The present invention comprises a planar
> fluorescent solar concentrator having a circular band portion
> within said concentrator toward which incident solar radiation
> is redirected. Optically coupled to said circular band portion
> is an optical means comprising an axially symmetrical body of
> light transmitting material having a circular band at one end
> for the receipt therein of radially directed electromagnetic
> radiation, said optical means including a body portion, having
> a coating on the exterior surfaces thereof and a generally
> circular second end. Light radially directed in said circular
> band at said first end is internally reflected in said body
> portion and directed toward said second end, whereby the light
> leaving that circular second end is distributed substantially
> uniformly over the entire area thereof.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Collapsible Structural Assembly especially suitable as a
> Solar Concentrator**   
> **US4313422**   
> **1982-02-02**
>
> ![](us4313.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A collapsible structural assembly
> including first and second flexible sheets disposed in
> confronting relationship to one another is disclosed herein.
> The assembly also includes an arrangement of ribs located
> between and connected with the sheets so as to support the
> sheets as a single unit for movement between a first collapsed
> position such that the sheets lie flat and adjacent one
> another with the ribs therebetween and a second extended
> position such that sheets have predetermined curved
> configurations and the ribs serve as structural reinforcements
> therebetween. In the actual embodiment disclosed, one of the
> sheets includes an outermost light reflective surface and the
> predetermined curvature conferred upon the sheets including
> the light reflective surface is that of a parabola. In this
> way, the entire assembly may serve as a trough-line parabolic
> concentrator comprising part of an overall solar collector.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **All-Day, All-Year Solar Concentrator**   
> **US4309079**   
> **1982-01-05**
>
> ![](us4309.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** -- The invention is a solar radiation
> concentrator wherein an array of solar collectors is disposed
> in a semicircle and rotatable 180 degrees about an axis in the
> plane of the semicircle to achieve seasonal adjustment. Each
> said collector is slightly tilted out of the plane of said
> semicircle, whereby seasonal adjustment of said array may be
> achieved by rotating said array through 180 degrees twice a
> year.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Semi-Tubular Parabolic Multiple Core Helix Solar
> Concentrator**   
> **US4235225**   
> **1980-11-25**
>
> ![](us4235.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A device for improving the radiant solar
> energy collection efficiency of a helix shaped solar
> collector-concentrator by concentrating the sun's rays on a
> plurality of specifically positioned energy absorber
> collecting cores as the sun moves through its solar day
> without the use of active tracking devices, is provided. By
> using a helix shaped semi-tubular parabolic
> collector-concentrator with multiple specifically positioned
> collecting cores crossing and intersecting the shifting sharp
> focal axis of the reflective surfaces of the helix shape at a
> slight angle to the focal axis, rather than being exactly on
> the focal axis, at least one or more of the collecting core
> surfaces is in sharp focus at all times, thus optimizing the
> sun's radiant solar energy collection capacity of said device.
> Further increased primary direct and non-reflective incident
> solar energy is collected on a plurality of collecting cores
> providing additional collection efficiencies. The helix shaped
> semi-tubular parabolic reflector and the energy absorber cores
> are enclosed by a transparent, relatively air-tight covering
> which causes the device to be resistant to environmental
> factors such as snow, rain, wind, pollution and other
> atmospheric degradants. The additional confined heat energy
> generated and trapped within the covered helix shaped
> semi-tubular parabolic reflector further increases the
> device's collecting efficiency. In one embodiment the heat
> energy thus collected may be transferred to a heat absorbing
> medium to be utilized in a useful manner. In another
> embodiment the solar energy impinging on the energy absorber
> collecting cores may be converted by other means such as
> photoelectric conversion into electrical energy to be utilized
> and stored.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator**   
> **US4333446**   
> **1982-06-08**
>
> ![](us4333.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar concentrator having an open
> framework formed as a geodesic dome. A rotatable support axle
> extends substantially diametrically across the dome and has
> the opposite ends thereof supported on the framework. The
> support axle defines a first rotational axis which is oriented
> to extend substantially parallel with the earth's North-South
> axis. A support post is hingedly mounted on the support shaft
> substantially at the midpoint thereof for permitting angular
> displacement of the support post relative to the support shaft
> about a second rotational axis which is perpendicular to the
> first axis. A dishshaped reflector assembly is positioned
> within the interior of the framework and fixedly secured to
> the support post. First and second drives effect angular
> displacement of the reflector assembly about the first and
> second axes, respectively, to permit tracking of the solar
> position.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Heated Fluidized Bed Gasification System**   
> **US4290779**   
> **1981-09-22**
>
> ![](us4290.jpg)
>
> **Abstract ---** A solar-powered fluidized bed
> gasification system for gasifying carbonaceous material. The
> system includes a solar gasifier (10) which is heated by
> fluidizing gas and steam. Energy to heat the gas and steam is
> supplied by a high heat capacity refractory honeycomb (16)
> which surrounds the fluid bed reactor zone (14). The high heat
> capacity refractory honeycomb (16) is heated by solar energy
> focused on the honeycomb (16) by solar concentrator (32)
> through solar window (20). The fluid bed reaction zone (14) is
> also heated directly and uniformly by thermal contact of the
> high heat capacity ceramic honeycomb (16) with the walls of
> the fluidized bed reactor (12). Provisions are also made for
> recovering and recycling catalysts used in the gasification
> process. Back-up furnace (50) is provided for start-up
> procedures and for supplying heat to the fluid bed reaction
> zone (14) when adequate supplies of solar energy are not
> available.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Concentrating Solar Collector with Tracking Multipurpose
> Targets**   
> **US4355630**   
> **1982-10-26**
>
> ![](us4355.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A parabolic solar concentrator whose
> focused solar rays impinge as a line focus upon one or more
> daily and seasonably tracking target collectors made to move
> generally parallel along two or more tracks through the use of
> sensor activated motors.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Energy Collection System**   
> **US4292959**   
> **1981-10-06**
>
> ![](us4292.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A system is provided for the collection
> of electromagnetic radiation and the transmission of that
> radiation to a point of utilization in the form of light.
> Basically, the system employs a first solar concentrator for
> the collection and concentration of solar radiation. Optically
> coupled to the first solar concentrator is at least one
> additional solar concentrator for further concentrating the
> collected solar radiation for efficient coupling with a light
> pipe. Thus, the light pipe directs the collected and
> concentrated light to a point of utilization. Preferably, the
> solar concentrators are planar fluorescent solar concentrators
> having different fluorescent materials in each concentrator.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator of Wide-Angle Capability**   
> **US4266858**   
> **1981-05-12**
>
> ![](us4266.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- The invention is a solar-radiation
> concentrator of wide-angle capability which will receive solar
> radiation of existing intensity onto a reflecting surface and
> reflect it onto receiving-converting means of smaller surface
> area, which at the reflector base coexists with the imagined
> continuation of the reflecting surface, so as to achieve a
> greater intensity of radiation to said means.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator**   
> **US4267824**   
> **1981-05-19**
>
> ![](us4267.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- An inflatable solar concentrator
> comprising an elongate hollow member of relatively thin
> flexible material inflatable to an upright position in which
> it is generally in the form of a cone convergent from its
> upper to its lower end. The inflated member has a
> substantially transparent top of a material which transmits
> incident solar radiant energy, and a highly reflective inner
> conical surface which reflects downwardly and thereby
> concentrates the radiant energy. A rigid collar on the lower
> end of the member has a passage through it in communication
> with the interior of the member for supply of gas under
> pressure into the member to inflate it and for exit of gas
> from the member to collapse it. The member is mounted with its
> lower end above a heat absorbing surface for impingement on
> the surface of concentrated radiant energy.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Light-Weight-Trough Type Solar Concentrator Shell**   
> **US4243019**   
> **1981-01-06**
>
> ![](us4243.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A parabolic cylindrical trough solar
> concentrator shell is disclosed having a pair of oppositely
> disposed end support members jointed by spanning structural
> support members which may be in the form of individual
> elongated generally triangular polygon members to form the
> parabolic cylindrical trough. The inwardly directed surface of
> each polygon member is concave in shape and rendered highly
> reflective and so disposed such that the composite produces a
> highly reflective, concave, generally parabolic surface which
> reflects and focusses radiant energy striking upon it along a
> line parallel to and above the surface of the trough. A
> radiant energy receiving and absorbing conduit which carries a
> fluid heat transfer medium is provided along the focal line.
> The conduit is structurally supported from the end support
> members in a manner which allows free rotation of the
> structure relative to the support. In addition to the
> composite triangular polygon members, the structure may be
> fabricated using other shapes or a spanning sheet corrugated
> for strength covered by a separate reflecting surface.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator Utilizing a Point Focusing Solar
> Concentrating Panel Assembly**   
> **US4256088**   
> **1981-03-17**
>
> ![](us4256.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar concentrator is disclosed herein
> and includes a modularized point focusing solar concentrating
> panel which is movably mounted to track the sun. This panel
> has an overall parabolic reflecting surface and a triangular
> or approximately triangular configuration which improves
> structural integrity, minimizes wind resistance and permits
> rapid and easy stowing.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Turret Mounted Solar Concentrator with Boom Mounted
> Secondary Mirror or Collector**   
> **US4408595**   
> **1983-10-11**
>
> ![](us4408.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar energy concentrator/collector
> assembly employing an altitude-azimuth dual axis scanning
> mounting assembly including a base with a circular track for
> mounting the assembly for rotation about a vertical axis. The
> assembly includes a turret defining second pivotable axis
> normal to the vertical axis and intersecting the same. A boom,
> a concentrator and a collector act as a single rotational
> assembly during solar collection and fold together during
> non-operating periods to minimize the profile and wind
> loading. In one preferred embodiment the solar energy
> collector is fixed and located at the intersection of the two
> axes and a boom carries a secondary mirror reflecting solar
> energy from said primary mirror to the solar energy collector
> which may be a Stirling cycle engine or other heat engine. In
> an alternate embodiment the solar energy collector is located
> on the boom at the focus region of the solar concentrator.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Concave Helix Solar Concentrator**   
> **US4241726**   
> **1980-12-30**
>
> ![](us4241.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A device is provided for efficiently
> collecting and concentrating the sun's radiant energy, which
> comprises a semi-tubular concave helix reflector with up to a
> 360 degree turn or turns in its length, to concentrate the
> sun's rays on a central collecting core continuously as the
> sun moves through its solar day without the use of
> opto-electro-mechanical tracking devices. The central
> collecting core is disposed within the focal point of the
> concave helix reflector and a heat exchange medium is piped
> through the collecting core. The energy transferred to the
> heat exchange medium may be utilized in a useful manner.
> Elevation of the device is easily adjustable to seasonal sun
> elevation position.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Heat-Powered Water Pump**   
> **US4177019**   
> **1979-12-04**
>
> ![](us4177.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A heat-powered water pump including a
> vapor generator and a vapor-inflatable pumping member enclosed
> in a pumping chamber. The vapor generator and pumping member
> form a closed system for a volatile working fluid. Check
> valves control the movement of vapor and condensate through
> the closed system as well as the direction of water through
> the pump. The vapor generator is configurated to be heated
> either by a solar concentrator or by heat from combustion of
> agricultural wastes. The expandable diaphragm/pumping piston
> operates in a pumping chamber having a diametrally enlarged
> check valve above the diaphragm to accommodate the rapid
> explusion of water from the pumping chamber upon expansion of
> the expandable diaphragm.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator**   
> **US4173397**   
> **1979-11-06**
>
> ![](us4173.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- An improved solar concentrator
> characterized by a plurality of elongated supporting members
> arranged in substantial horizontal parallelism with the axis
> thereof intersecting a common curve and a tensioned sheet of
> flexible reflective material disposed in engaging relation
> with the supporting members for imparting to the tensioned
> sheet a catenary configuration.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Double-Sided Solar Cell with Self-Refrigerating
> Concentrator**   
> **US4169738**   
> **1979-10-02**
>
> ![](us4169.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A planar solar cell photovoltaically
> active on both sides is positioned in a solar concentrator
> capable of simultaneously illuminating both sides of the cell.
> The cell is immersed in a transparent liquid that enhances
> solar energy concentration and aids in removing undesirable
> heat from the cell. The solar cell, having two
> photovoltaically active sides, can be constituted by a n+pn+
> structure or by a n+pp+ structure. Electrically conductive
> metal grids serving as cathode and anode connections are
> formed on both sides of the cell. The grid apertures
> advantageously allow the light to enter into the appropriate
> semiconductor regions. In the case of a n+pn+ structure,
> window means in the n+ layers are provided to permit
> electrical contact between the anode grids and the p region.
> Solar cells with complementary dopings, for example p+np+, are
> also possible.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator with Restricted Exit Angle**   
> **US4130107**   
> **1978-12-19**
>
> ![](us4130.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** ---A device is provided for the collection
> and concentration of radiant energy and includes at least one
> reflective side wall. The wall directs incident radiant energy
> to the exit aperture thereof or onto the surface of energy
> absorber positioned at the exit aperture so that the angle of
> incidence of radiant energy at the exit aperture or on the
> surface of the energy absorber is restricted to desired
> values.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Powered Engine and Tracking System**   
> **US4198826**   
> **1980-04-22**
>
> ![](us4198.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar powered engine and tracking
> system comprises a piston working within a cylinder for
> turning a drive shaft for driving an electrical generator or
> performing other useful work, a solar concentrator comprising
> a plurality of mirrors, each reflecting Sun light on a common
> focal point on the end of the cylinder for heating a flash
> boiler located thereon, preheated water from a source is
> injected into the flash boiler by a pump powered by the drive
> shaft timed according to piston movement after operating the
> piston, the steam is then vented from the boiler by valve
> means operated from the drive shaft. A starter motor is
> provided to initially start the engine operating by rotating
> the drive shaft until the piston movement is self sustaining.
> The entire device is enclosed in a solar energy collector
> panel for elevating the temperature of the system so as to
> maintain the water at a sufficient temperature with a minimum
> of external heating. The collector may also be utilized for
> separate external heating purposes. Sensor controlled motors
> track the relative movement of the Sun and Earth and
> continually position the collector for maximum solar energy
> concentration.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Power Generator**   
> **US2007151245**   
> **2007-07-05**
>
> **Abstract** --- Solar energy is converted into
> electricity by use of a solar concentrator system, a steam
> production system, a turbine and an alternator. A boiler is
> heated by a concentrator dish aimed at the sun. The dish may
> also be fitted with a polar mount, an actuator and a devise
> for sensing the relative position of the sun. There is a mast
> on the dish upon which a boiler is mounted which is heated by
> the sun's concentrated rays. The boiler will preferably be
> arranged to heat and vaporize water to create continuous steam
> that is delivered to turn the turbine which is operatively
> connected to the alternator and from which electricity is
> generated.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Heatsink for Concentrating or Focusing
> Optical/Electrical Energy Conversion Systems**   
> **US2007089777**   
> **2007-04-26**
>
> **Abstract** --- The present invention relates to heatsink
> technology for helping to dissipate thermal energy generated
> or absorbed with respect to optical focusing and/or
> concentrating systems such as projectors and spotlights as
> well as trough or dish reflectors. More specifically, the
> present invention relates to heat sink technology for helping
> to dissipate thermal energy generated by or absorbed in the
> proximity of the focus of optical concentrating elements of
> solar concentrator modules, wherein the heat sink includes a
> plurality of heat dissipating fins.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Edge Illumination Photovoltaic Devices and Methods of
> Making Same**   
> **US2007034250**   
> **2007-02-15**
>
> ![](us0703.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- Edge illumination photovoltaic devices
> based on multicomponent semiconductors and low cost methods
> for fabricating such devices are provided. The photovoltaic
> devices can find application in a variety of photovoltaic and
> thermophotovoltaic systems including solar concentrator based
> systems.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Reactor for Solar Processing of Slightly-Absorbing or
> Transparent Gases**   
> **US7140181**   
> **2006-11-28**
>
> ![](us7140.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- Solar-powered reactor for processing of
> slightly absorbing and transparent gases. An obvious path to
> providing storable, renewable energy is through solar
> dissociation of gas molecules. These dissociation products are
> the precursors of modern liquid and gaseous fuels such as
> hydrogen and methanol/ethanol. An apparatus and method using a
> solar concentrator (such as a focusing trough or dish)
> directed at the receiving end of a reactor are disclosed. A
> range of designs of reactors for the dissociation of gases,
> both those that absorb slightly in the visible spectrum and
> those that are transparent in the visible and only absorb in
> the infrared, is described. For slightly-absorbing gases, a
> funnel-shaped reactor that preheats the gas and concentrates
> sunlight is the indicated embodiment. A system for
> dissociating CO<SUB>2 </SUB>using the invention is
> described. For transparent gases, a holraum embodiment is more
> appropriate for coupling solar energy into the gas. In both
> cases, heat from the hot stream of dissociated gas may also be
> used to produce electricity with a standard steam or Stirling
> cycle generator.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator System using Photonic Engineered
> Materials**   
> **US2006191566**   
> **2006-08-31**
>
> ![](us0619.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A non-imaging optical collecting and
> concentrating apparatus for use in i.e., optical
> communications, passive lighting, and solar power applications
> that is relatively immune from optical incidence angle(s) and
> therefore does not need to track the movement of the sun to
> efficiently collect and concentrate optical energy. The
> apparatus includes a non-planar support structure having a
> source-facing entrance and an energy-outputting exit. An
> interior surface of the structure includes a scattering,
> reflecting and/or diffractive medium such as a photonic
> bandgap structure to enhance the collection and concentration
> efficiency.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Temperature Reduction Fixture for Accelerated Weathering
> Test Apparatus**   
> **US7174781**   
> **2006-08-03**
>
> ![](us7174.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- An accelerated weathering test apparatus
> of the type used to concentrate solar radiation upon test
> specimens including a fixture connected to a target board
> including a frame spaced from the target board a predetermined
> distance by a plurality of stand-offs and having at least one
> opening defined therein and a transparent element connected to
> the frame in alignment with each at least one opening in a
> covering orientation such that the solar radiation from a
> reflecting solar concentrator impinges upon the test
> specimens. The predetermined distance is configured such that
> the frame functions as an extension of a deflector and an
> operating temperature of the test specimens is shielded from
> external influences.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Micro-Optics Concentrator for Solar Power Satellites**
>   
> **US7077361**   
> **2006-07-18**
>
> ![](us7077.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- There is an increasingly intense need to
> harness solar energy due to an ever growing shortage of
> conventional energy sources, The instant invention is
> concerned with method and apparatus for solar concentrator
> micro-mirrors on solar power satellites and the moon to focus
> and reflect large quantities of solar energy. Method and
> apparatus are taught for directly reflecting solar energy to
> the Earth; reflecting solar energy to a microwave converter in
> space which transmits microwave energy to the Earth; and
> reflecting solar energy to a laser radiation converter which
> beams laser radiation to the Earth. The concentrated energy
> received at the Earth may be converted directly to electricity
> or indirectly by thermo-mechanical means. The advantages and
> disadvantages of the different means of sending such
> concentrated energy to the Earth are discussed. A particularly
> important objective of this invention is the focussing of
> sunlight for solar power conversion and production. The
> instant invention can contribute to the goal of achieving
> environmentally clean solar energy on a large enough scale to
> be competitive with conventional energy sources.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Induced Dipole Alignment of Solar Concentrator Balls**
>   
> **US2006150968**   
> **2006-07-13**
>
> ![](us0615.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- Due to an ever growing shortage of
> conventional energy sources, there is an increasingly intense
> interest in harnessing solar energy. The instant invention is
> concerned with method and apparatus for induced dipole
> alignment of solar concentrator micro-mirrors. Novel method
> and apparatus are taught for coupling to, addressing, and
> alignment of a micro-optics solar concentrator system for
> single-axis and two-axis tracking. Mirrored micro-balls are
> covered with a thin spherical shell of lubricating liquid so
> that they are free to rotate in an almost frictionless
> encapsulation in the sheet. Novel method and apparatus are
> presented for matching the overall ball density with that of
> the lubricating fluid. Broadly this invention deals with novel
> concepts used for alignment in the focussing of light wherever
> mirrors are used for focussing such as for solar propulsion
> assist, illumination and projection of light, optical
> switching, etc. A particularly important objective is the
> focussing of sunlight for solar power conversion and
> production. The instant invention can contribute to the goal
> of achieving environmentally clean solar energy on a large
> enough scale to be competitive with conventional energy
> sources.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Magnetohydrodynamic Power Generation**   
> **US2006090747**   
> **2006-05-04**
>
> ![](us0609.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A multi-stage solar concentrator ( 10 )
> for use in a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) electrical power
> generation system or process heating applications, said
> concentrator including a static planar solar collector ( 11 ),
> a paraboloidal mirror ( 12 ) receiving photons from the planar
> solar collector, and a compound parabolic solar concentrator (
> 13 ) receiving photons from both said planar solar collector
> and said paraboloidal mirror. Suitably a solar oven ( 15 )
> adapted for use in a fluid circuit of the MHD system or in
> process heating receives concentrated solar energy from the
> solar concentrator ( 10 ) via a transparent window ( 14 ).
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Adjustable Solar Concentrator**   
> **US4106484**   
> **1978-08-15**
>
> ![](us4106.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar concentrator is provided having
> means allowing for deformation and precise adjustment of a
> cylindrical parabolic solar energy reflecting surface of the
> concentrator. The aforesaid means produces a geometrically
> correct concentrator surface which can be adjusted after
> fabrication to provide a sharp solar image on the receiver
> tube.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Powered Engine and Tracking System**   
> **US4144716**   
> **1979-03-20**
>
> ![](us4144.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar powered engine and tracking
> system comprises a piston working within a cylinder for
> turning a drive shaft for driving an electrical generator or
> performing other useful work, a solar concentrator comprising
> a plurality of mirrors, each reflecting Sun light on a common
> focal point on the end of the cylinder for heating a flash
> boiler located thereon, preheated water from a source is
> injected into the flash boiler by a pump powered by the drive
> shaft timed according to piston movement after operating the
> piston, the steam is then vented from the boiler by valve
> means operated from the drive shaft. A starter motor is
> provided to initially start the engine operating by rotating
> the drive shaft until the piston movement is self sustaining.
> The entire device is enclosed in a solar energy collector
> panel for elevating the temperature of the system so as to
> maintain the water at a sufficient temperature with a minimum
> of external heating. The collector may also be utilized for
> separate external heating purposes. Sensor controlled motors
> track the relative movement of the Sun and Earth and
> continually position the collector for maximum solar energy
> concentration.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator-Collector**   
> **US4088120**   
> **1978-05-09**
>
> ![](us4088.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A solar heat concentrator-collector
> comprising, in combination, solar radiation concentrator means
> and collector means for receiving the concentrated solar
> energy and providing for conversion of the energy into usable
> or more readily convertable form. The concentrator means may
> be any of a variety of concentrators known and used in the
> art, however the collector means of the present invention
> functions extremely well with a line focus Fresnel array, the
> array including a plurality of generally parallelly disposed
> elongated self-supporting elements or panels each with a
> reflective surface, and with each element or panel having
> means for positioning its reflective surface in an operative
> solar viewing disposition. The collector means when adapted
> for use with a line focus Fresnel array includes an energy
> absorbing means such as one or more conduits, each having a
> fluid heat transfer medium moving therethrough, and with an
> improved shroud enclosing at least a portion of the collector,
> the shroud comprising a radiation permeable member having an
> outer surface concave to the concentrator and defining a
> transmissive path for a substantial portion of the incident
> radiation. The configuration of the surface of the radiation
> permeable member provides a re-entrant path for any radiation
> which is reflected from the surface thereof. The conduit
> carrying the heat transfer medium has a closed cross-section
> such as an elongated member of circular or rectangular
> cross-section to form a cylinder, or other regular structure,
> and with the axis of the fluid transfer conduit or conduits
> being generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the array
> of reflective surfaces or panels. A substantial portion of the
> fluid transfer duct is arranged to view the concentrator means
> at or along a line substantially at or adjacent the focal
> point of the concentrator. That portion of the peripheral
> surface of the collector which comprises the concentrator
> viewing surface is normally a double-plate or double-glazed
> arrangement of spaced apart parallelly disposed panels
> providing a thermal transfer barrier, and the remaining
> portion of the collector is likewise preferably thermally
> insulated.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Non-Tracking Solar Concentrator with a High
> Concentration Ratio**   
> **US4052976**   
> **1977-10-11**
>
> ![](us4052.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A nontracking solar concentrator with a
> high concentration ratio is provided. The concentrator
> includes a plurality of energy absorbers which communicate
> with a main header by which absorbed heat is removed.
> Undesired heat flow of those absorbers not being heated by
> radiant energy at a particular instant is impeded, improving
> the efficiency of the concentrator.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Refractor-Reflector Radiation Concentrator**   
> **US4108540**   
> **1978-08-22**
>
> ![](us4108.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A small-area focus solar concentrator
> comprising a linear echelon refractor and a linear echelon
> reflector. The increments of the refractor are crossed at
> approximately 90 DEG to the increments of the reflector. The
> refractor and reflector cooperate to focus solar radiation
> incident on the front surface of the refractor to a small area
> focus in front of the refractor.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator**   
> **US4230094**   
> **1980-10-28**
>
> ![](us4230.jpg)
>
> **Abstract ---** A solar radiation concentrator
> consisting of a refractor in the form of at least one strip of
> transparent material having on it a pattern of prismatic
> parallel grooves arranged to refract incident solar radiation
> onto a trough shaped reflector the opening of which is closed
> by the said strip, a linearly extending target being arranged
> within the reflector parallel to the axis of the said strip,
> the strip and the concentrator having optical properties such
> that in combination the concentration of solar radiation of
> the target is maximized so as to permit stationary operation
> of the concentrator without sun-tracking or seasonal
> orientation.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Solar Concentrator**   
> **US4011858**   
> **1977-03-15**
>
> ![](us4011.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- An apparatus for collecting solar energy,
> the apparatus including a parabola shaped reflector around a
> pipe enclosed in a glass tube, the pipe being located at the
> focal point of the parabola shaped reflector, so that sunlight
> rays are reflected thereagainst, so to concentrate their heat
> thereagainst, the pipe extending outwardly of opposite ends of
> the reflector, so that water passing through the pipe is thus
> heated for practical uses, and the reflector being rotatable,
> so to follow the path of the sun, in order to obtain maximum
> efficiency therefrom.
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **Parabolic Solar Concentrator Employing Flat Plate
> Collector**   
> **US4038964**   
> **1977-08-02**
>
> ![](us4038.jpg)
>
> **Abstract** --- A combined solar energy collector
> includes a trough having a generally parabolic cross section,
> the trough having a reflective inner surface adapted to
> receive and reflect direct and indirect solar radiation. A
> flat plate solar collector extends along the apex line of the
> parabolic cross section, the flat plate collector having means
> therein defining a circuitous path for a fluid passing
> therethrough. Means, such as a glass enclosure surrounding the
> flat plate collector, admits shortwave solar radiation into
> the flat plate collector and reduces longwave heat reradiation
> therefrom.
>
> ---
>
> **Foldable Solar Concentrator**   
> **US3295512**   
> **1967-01-03**
>
> **Photovoltaic cells having a concentrating coverglass with
> broadened tracking angle**   
> **US6091020**   
> **2000-07-18**
>
> **Irradiance Redistribution Guide**   
> **US6331061**   
> **2001-12-18**
>
> **High concentration spectrum splitting solar collector**
>   
> **US6469241**   
> **2002-10-22**
>
> ---
>
>
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR PATENTS - FOREIGN**
>
> **Solar station with Stirling engine**   
> **MD20050309**   
> **2007-04-30**
>
> **2 Dimension non-imaging stationary solar concentrator...**
>   
> **HK1094131**   
> **2007-03-16**
>
> **Solar concentrator**   
> **HK1058961**   
> **2007-06-29**
>
> **SPACE SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **UA75363**   
> **2003-07-15**
>
> **Solar concentrator for solar energy generation, has solar
> trajectory projector combined with solar collector and cloud
> sensor**   
> **ES2257914**   
> **2006-08-01**
>
> **Solar concentrator gap and receiver design**   
> **IL153537**   
> **2005-12-18**
>
> **SOLAR ENERGY MODULE.**   
> **MXPA03006192**   
> **2004-12-03**
>
> **DOUBLE REFLECTING SOLAR CONCENTRATOR.**   
> **MXPA02011567**   
> **2004-09-06**
>
> **ELECTRO-OSMOSIS CONVECTION SOLAR DRYER**   
> **UA61242**   
> **2003-11-17**
>
> **SOLAR RADIATION CONCENTRATOR**   
> **UA61241**   
> **2003-11-17**
>
> **Penetrating type holographic solar concentrator**   
> **TW484702Y**   
> **2002-04-21**
>
> **Parabolic solar concentrator made from segmented lenses.**
>   
> **ES2161646**   
> **2001-12-01**
>
> **Cylindrical/parabolic solar concentrator...**   
> **ES2116911**   
> **1998-07-16**
>
> **Air filled compartmented buoyant platform for radiant
> energy collecting apparatus**   
> **NZ507279**   
> **2003-01-31**
>
> **Solar concentrator for heat and/or electricity**   
> **ZA9601301**   
> **1996-09-10**
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR WITH LIGHT SCAVENGING REFLECTORS**   
> **NZ300540**   
> **1998-12-23**
>
> **SOLAR WATER HEATING APPARATUS AND SOLAR CONCENTRATOR
> USEFUL THEREWITH**   
> **ZA8304737**   
> **1984-03-28**
>
> **Universal integral energy collection and storage method...**
>   
> **BE894248**   
> **1982-12-16**
>
> **Mfg. of solar concentrator with prism**   
> **IT1146348**   
> **1986-11-12**
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR AND ENERGY COLLECTION SYSTEM**   
> **EG12993**   
> **1980-03-31**
>
> **A tracking device for a solar concentrator**   
> **IN186903**   
> **2001-12-08**
>
> **A TRACKING SOLAR CONCENTRATOR FOR HEATING SUBSTANCES**   
> **IN159513**   
> **1987-05-23**
>
> **A SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **IN150578**   
> **1982-11-13**
>
> **A fixed mirror line-focus solar concentrator with
> cylindrical mirror elements.**   
> **IN172328**   
> **1993-06-12**
>
> **No title available**   
> **RU2004130819**   
> **2006-04-10**
>
> **SOLAR-ELECTRIC POWER MODULE**   
> **RU2210039**   
> **2003-08-10**
>
> **SOLAR-ELECTRIC POWER UNIT**   
> **RU2210038**   
> **2003-08-10**
>
> **SOLAR POWER MODULE**   
> **RU2201558**   
> **2003-03-27**
>
> **PLANT FOR PRODUCING WATER FROM SNOW AND/OR ICE**   
> **RU2164578**   
> **2001-03-27**
>
> **SPACE SOLAR POWER STATION**   
> **RU2179137**   
> **2002-02-10**
>
> **SOLAR-ENERGY HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS**   
> **RU2169318**   
> **2001-06-20**
>
> **SOLAR PHOTOELECTRIC MODULE**   
> **RU2135906**   
> **1999-08-27**
>
> **PHOTOELECTRIC MODULE**   
> **RU2137258**   
> **1999-09-10**
>
> **RETRACTABLE THIN-FILM SOLAR CONCENTRATOR FOR SPACE VEHICLE**
>   
> **RU2192070**   
> **2002-10-27**
>
> **PHOTOELECTRIC MODULE**   
> **RU2106042**   
> **1998-02-27**
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR WITH VARIABLE FOCAL LENGTH**   
> **RU2118764**   
> **1998-09-10**
>
> **INFLATABLE SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **RU2118765**   
> **1998-09-10**
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **RU2044225**   
> **1995-09-20**
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **RU2032192**   
> **1995-03-27**
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **SU1815528**   
> **1993-05-15**
>
> **METHOD OF PRODUCING PARABOLO-CYLINDRICAL SOLAR
> CONCENTRATOR**   
> **SU1486210**   
> **1989-06-15**
>
> **Solar concentrator**   
> **FR2539852**   
> **1984-07-27**
>
> **Equipment for producing solar electricity...**   
> **FR2819651**   
> **2002-07-19**
>
> **Thermoelectric energy converter and its mode of production**
>   
> **FR2658363**   
> **1991-08-16**
>
> **Electromagnetic wave sensor with substantially parabolic
> reflector**   
> **FR2629643**   
> **1989-10-06**
>
> **Surface coating of the collector tube of a linear
> parabolic solar concentrator**   
> **AU2002346290**   
> **2003-01-02**
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR WITH FLEXIBLE REFLECTIVE SURFACE**   
> **AU6118580**   
> **1981-07-16**
>
> **Nonimaging solar concentrator with uniform irradiance**
>   
> **AU2002257053**   
> **2002-10-03**
>
> **Solar concentrator arrangement**   
> **AU5472794**   
> **1994-03-24**
>
> **FRESNAL LENS SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **AU6092886**   
> **1987-03-12**
>
> **BALLOON TYPE SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **AU5803486**   
> **1986-11-27**
>
> **BALLOON TYPE SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **AU598194B**   
> **1990-06-21**
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **AU2631584**   
> **1984-10-25**
>
> **LIGHT WAVELENGTH-CONVERTIBLE POLYSTYRENE STRUCTURE**   
> **JP57038844**   
> **1982-03-03**
>
> **POLYACRYLATE STRUCTURE CAPABLE OF CONVERTING WAVELENGTH OF
> LIGHT**   
> **JP57028149**   
> **1982-02-15**
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **JP61272702**   
> **1986-12-03**
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **JP61272708**   
> **1986-12-03**
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **JP61272701**   
> **1986-12-03**
>
> **PLANE SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **JP63159812**   
> **1988-07-02**
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR AND THERMAL STORAGE APPARATUS**   
> **JP7027425**   
> **1995-01-27**
>
> **CONCENTRATION AND RADIATION ASSEMBLY OF SOLAR**   
> **JP3104800**   
> **1991-05-01**
>
> **CHEMICAL HEAT STORING AND GENERATING DEVICE**   
> **JP3244998**   
> **1991-10-31**
>
> **MEMBRANE SEPARATING APPARATUS**   
> **JP3065220**   
> **1991-03-20**
>
> **DEVICE FOR TREATING HUMAN WASTE USING SOLAR HEAT**   
> **JP7136639**   
> **1995-05-30**
>
> **APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MEASURING CRYSTALLINE GRAIN SIZE
> OF STEEL PLATE**   
> **JP8145953**   
> **1996-06-07**
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR AND UTILIZING METHOD FOR CONCENTRATED
> LIGHT...**   
> **JP10104547**   
> **1998-04-24**
>
> **POWER GENERATOR**   
> **JP2001196622**   
> **2001-07-19**
>
> **OUTDOOR CONSTRUCTION PROVIDED WITH DOUBLE-SIDED SOLAR CELL
> PANEL**   
> **JP2003166220**   
> **2003-06-13**
>
> **SOLAR HEAT ROCKET**   
> **JP2002012198**   
> **2002-01-15**
>
> **ACCELERATED WEATHERING APPARATUS HAVING SEALED WEATHERING
> CHAMBER**   
> **JP2004170407**   
> **2004-06-17**
>
> **REFRACTOR-REFLECTOR RADIATION CONCENTRATOR**   
> **CA1097169**   
> **1981-03-10**
>
> **ADJUSTABLE SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **CA1063465**   
> **1979-10-02**
>
> **SOLAR POWERED ENGINE AND TRACKING SYSTEM**   
> **CA1105720**   
> **1981-07-28**
>
> **SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTION SYSTEM**   
> **CA1140824**   
> **1983-02-08**
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR AND ENERGY COLLECTION SYSTEM**   
> **CA1108952**   
> **1981-09-15**
>
> **Solar powered cooling system**   
> **GB2044915**   
> **1980-10-22**
>
> **Solar Reflector Panel**   
> **GB2015188**   
> **1979-09-05**
>
> **Solar concentrator**   
> **GB2029597**   
> **1980-03-19**
>
> **PHOTOCHEMICAL DIODES AND PHOTO-ELECTROLYSIS USING SUCH
> DIODES**   
> **GB1529189**   
> **1978-10-18**
>
> **Solar concentrator**   
> **GB2431513**   
> **2007-04-25**
>
> **Spiral shaped solar concentrator**   
> **GB2343741**   
> **2000-05-17**
>
> **BALL-BACKED MIRROR MOUNTED IN A CONICAL DEPRESSION...**
>   
> **GB2255195**   
> **1992-10-28**
>
> **Solar concentrator**   
> **GB2181224**   
> **1987-04-15**
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **AU3899278**   
> **1980-02-21**
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **AU3721778**   
> **1979-12-20**
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **AU522513B**   
> **1982-06-10**
>
> **Solar concentrator lens with curved surface**   
> **CN1800745**   
> **2006-07-12**
>
> **Photovoltaic modules for solar concentrator**   
> **CN1750274**   
> **2006-03-22**
>
> **Plastic transmitting type solar concentrator**   
> **CN1595011**   
> **2005-03-16**
>
> **EFFICIENT NON-TRACKING LINE-FOCUSING SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**
>   
> **CN85200333U**   
> **1986-01-15**
>
> **HIGH-EFFICIENEY LINEAR FOCUSING NON-TRACKING SOLAR
> CONCENTRATOR**   
> **CN85100948**   
> **1986-07-23**
>
> **STRUCTURE FOR FORMING HEAT ABSORBER OF SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**
>   
> **KR20020078131**   
> **2002-10-18**
>
> **DEVICE FOR COLLECTING AND USING SUNLIGHT...**   
> **KR20040098402**   
> **2004-11-20**
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR FOR CHARGING ELECTRICITY FROM A SOLAR
> CELL IN A BATTERY BY COLLECTING AND USING SUNLIGHT**   
> **KR20050021742**   
> **2005-03-07**
>
> **FOLDABLE PALABOLIC SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **KR20060027287**   
> **2006-03-27**
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **KR200182377Y**   
> **2000-05-15**
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **KR0181201B**   
> **1999-03-20**
>
> **PURIFICATION EQUIPMENT USING SUNLIGHT AND WIND POWER**   
> **KR20030009255**   
> **2003-01-29**
>
> **DEVICE FOR OBTAINING SUNLIGHT BY SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **KR20020091008**   
> **2002-12-05**
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR MODULE**   
> **KR20030027529**   
> **2003-04-07**
>
> **SOLAR CONCENTRATOR**   
> **EP1807870**   
> **2007-07-18**
>
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> ---